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	<title>Andrew Shore, Author at NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing -</title>
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	<title>Andrew Shore, Author at NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing -</title>
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		<title>Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:57:16 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Stent Coating Adhesion Testing Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents Request Coating Adhesion Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Blood is carried through arteries from [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents</h2>				</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-nano-scratch-critical-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26273" alt="stent coating adhesion testing nano scratch delamination critical load" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Andrew Shore</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introducción</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">Blood is carried through arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Any weakening or blockage of these vessels can pose significant health risks and may become life-threatening. A stent is a small mesh tube inserted into the lumen of a blood vessel to treat narrowed or weakened arteries. Stent implantation is now a widely used procedure to support the arterial wall and restore blood flowᶦ.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1200" height="320" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/medical-stent-mesh-structure-metal-stent-geometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26304" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Metal stent mesh geometry illustrating the structural complexity of vascular implant design.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why coating adhesion matters in drug-eluting stents</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in stent technology. They incorporate a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer coating that enables controlled drug release at the arterial site, helping to inhibit intimal thickening and reduce the risk of restenosisᶦᶦ.</p><p data-start="1056" data-end="1284">A critical concern in these systems is the delamination of the polymer coating from the metallic stent substrate. This coating carries the drug-eluting layer, and its adhesion directly impacts device performance and reliability.</p><p data-start="1286" data-end="1537">To improve coating adhesion, stents are often designed with complex geometries. In this study, the polymer coating is located at the bottom of grooves within the stent mesh. This configuration presents a significant challenge for adhesion measurement.</p><p data-start="1539" data-end="1795">A reliable method is required to quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength between the polymer coating and the metal substrate. The small diameter of the stent mesh, comparable to a human hair, combined with its three-dimensional geometry, requires:</p><ul data-start="1796" data-end="1916"><li data-section-id="1n0qc6y" data-start="1796" data-end="1834">ultrafine X-Y positioning accuracy</li><li data-section-id="1003zy" data-start="1835" data-end="1870">precise control of applied load</li><li data-section-id="q3r43w" data-start="1871" data-end="1916">accurate depth measurement during testing</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> Más información <a href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/">nanoindentation and scratch testing lab services for coating adhesion and failure analysis</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="267" data-end="454">Nano scratch testing is performed using the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">Comprobador mecánico NANOVEA PB1000</a>, in Nano Scratch Mode, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal mesh of stent samples.</p><p data-start="460" data-end="648">Controlled scratch measurements are carried out on stent geometries with dimensions comparable to a human hair, enabling precise evaluation of coating adhesion on complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Condiciones de prueba</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The stent is fixed on the sample stage, with a support wire inserted inside the stent tube to ensure stability during nano scratch testing. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester is used to perform nano scratch measurements using the parameters summarized in Table 1, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Load type</td><td>Progresiva</td></tr><tr><td>Initial load</td><td>0.05 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Final load</td><td>300 and 100 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding speed</td><td>0.5 mm/min</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding distance</td><td>0.5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter geometry</td><td>Cónica</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter material (tip)</td><td>Diamante</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter tip radius</td><td>20 µm</td></tr><tr><td>Temperatura</td><td>24°C (room)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Cuadro 1: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on regular stent samples</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1073" data-end="1296">The SEM image in Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of the stent sample. The stent features a groove with a depth of approximately 30 µm. The polymer coating, with a thickness of 10.8 µm, is located at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="1298" data-end="1497">Standard 60° conical diamond tips are not sharp enough to reach the bottom of the groove without contacting the sidewalls. Therefore, a sharper 40° conical diamond tip is used in this study (Fig. 2).</p><p data-start="1499" data-end="1582">Nano scratch measurements are performed using the parameters summarized in Table 2.</p>								</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Load type</td>
<td>Progresiva</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Initial load</td>
<td>0.1 mN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Final load</td>
<td>300 mN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Loading rate</td>
<td>300 mN/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch length</td>
<td>0.25 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch speed</td>
<td>0.25 mm/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter geometry</td>
<td>40° cone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter material (tip)</td>
<td>Diamante</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter tip radius</td>
<td>5 µm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Table 2: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on grooved stent samples</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="932" height="1042" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-cross-section-sem-adhesion-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26288" alt="stent groove cross section polymer coating thickness adhesion analysis nano scratch testing" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 1: </span>SEM cross-section of a grooved stent showing polymer coating located at the bottom of the groove, highlighting the challenge of coating adhesion measurement in recessed geometries.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-diamond-tip-40-degree-stent-groove-testing.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26289" alt="nano scratch diamond tip 40 degree stent groove coating adhesion testing schematic" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 2: </span>Schematic of a 40° conical diamond tip designed for nano scratch testing inside stent grooves, enabling accurate adhesion measurement without sidewall interference.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Resultados y debate</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 100 μm, comparable to a human hair. Precise positioning is therefore critical to ensure the scratch test is performed at the center of the stent mesh. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester provides X–Y positioning accuracy down to 0.25 μm, enabling accurate test placement under the integrated optical microscope.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="641" data-end="857">Nano scratch testing is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch track on the stent is shown in Fig. 3a, while failure behavior at different stages is presented in Fig. 3b and 3c.</p><p data-start="859" data-end="893">Two critical loads are identified:</p><ul data-start="894" data-end="1061"><li data-section-id="14iz9qw" data-start="894" data-end="972">Lc1: the load at which the first visible damage appears on the coating</li><li data-section-id="1mmzt6b" data-start="973" data-end="1061">Lc2: the load at which the coating is fully removed and the substrate is exposed</li></ul><p data-start="1063" data-end="1226">The evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth is shown in Fig. 4, providing insight into the progression of coating failure during the test.</p><p data-start="1228" data-end="1499">The first signs of coating damage appear at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN. As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a wider and deeper scratch track. During this phase, the COF increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.7.</p><p data-start="1501" data-end="1756">At Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN, the coating is fully delaminated from the metal substrate. Beyond this point, as the load continues to increase, both COF and penetration depth remain relatively stable due to the mechanical support of the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3399 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="23d3399" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="404" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-nano-scratch-track-full-progressive-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26293" alt="nano scratch track stent coating progressive load adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Full Scratch Track</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7016a63 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7016a63" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-initial-failure-lc1-nano-scratch-14-5mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26294" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) <strong data-start="599" data-end="616">Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-lc2-nano-scratch-78-1mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26295" alt="stent coating delamination lc2 nano scratch 78.1 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) <strong data-start="625" data-end="642">Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 3: </span>Nano scratch track on a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing (a) full scratch path, (b) initial coating failure at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN, and (c) complete coating delamination at Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9cfe8c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c9cfe8c" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1751" height="725" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-stent-coating-failure-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26296" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating coefficient of friction depth progression adhesion failure" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 4: </span>Evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth during nano scratch testing of a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing the progression of coating failure and transition to substrate support.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f9e723a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f9e723a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="246" data-end="537">Failures during nano scratch testing up to a maximum load of 300 mN occur at critical loads below 100 mN. To enable a more quantitative comparison of coating performance, additional tests are performed with a maximum load of 100 mN on two stent samples, referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2.</p><p data-start="539" data-end="794">Fig. 5 compares the scratch tracks of Sample 1 and Sample 2 after nano scratch testing. Sample 1 exhibits the first sign of coating damage at a critical load of Lc1 ≈ 13.2 mN, while Sample 2 shows initial failure at a higher load of Lc1 ≈ 21.1 mN.</p><p data-start="796" data-end="1002">Coating delamination occurs at 62.5 mN for Sample 1. In contrast, the coating on Sample 2 remains intact throughout the test, continuing to protect the metal substrate under the same loading conditions.</p><p data-start="1004" data-end="1350">This behavior is further reflected in the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth, as shown in Fig. 6. When the diamond tip penetrates through the coating and contacts the metal substrate in Sample 1, the COF reaches a peak while the penetration depth decreases due to the increased stiffness of the underlying substrate.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample1-early-failure-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26297" alt="stent coating sample 1 early failure nano scratch track delamination adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 1 – Early Coating Failure</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample2-high-adhesion-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26298" alt="stent coating sample 2 high adhesion nano scratch track minimal damage testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) Sample 2 – Improved Coating Integrity</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 5: </span>Comparison of nano scratch tracks for two stent coatings, showing (a) early coating failure and delamination in Sample 1, and (b) improved coating integrity in Sample 2 under the same loading conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="913" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-comparison-stent-coating-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26299" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating COF depth comparison sample 1 sample 2 adhesion performance" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 6: </span>Comparison of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth for Sample 1 and Sample 2 during nano scratch testing, showing earlier substrate contact and higher friction response in Sample 1, indicating weaker coating adhesion.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f64c74c" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8c1a0ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8c1a0ec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="279" data-end="601">As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the grooved stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 90 μm, comparable to a human hair. The groove has a width of ~50 μm and a depth of 30 μm. This geometry presents a significant challenge for nano scratch testing, particularly for evaluating coating adhesion at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="603" data-end="847">Precise positioning is critical to locate the scratch test within the groove. The nano scratch test is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch tracks of grooved stent Samples 3 and 4 are compared in Fig. 7.</p><p data-start="849" data-end="1108">The critical load Lc is defined as the load at which the coating fails and the substrate becomes exposed. The evolution of normal load and penetration depth, shown in Fig. 8, provides further insight into the progression of coating failure during testing.</p><p data-start="1110" data-end="1331">As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a deeper scratch track. When the critical load Lc is reached, the coating delaminates from the metal substrate.</p><p data-start="1333" data-end="1516">Sample 3 exhibits coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN, while Sample 4 fails at a higher load of Lc ≈ 173 mN. This difference indicates stronger adhesion of the coating in Sample 4.</p><p data-start="1518" data-end="1773">The measured critical loads enable quantitative comparison of coating adhesion performance. Under the same testing conditions, the coating on Sample 4 demonstrates higher resistance to delamination, making it the better-performing candidate in this study.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-failure-sample3-nano-scratch-126mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26300" alt="stent groove coating failure sample 3 nano scratch 126 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) Sample 3 – Coating Failure in Groove (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-high-adhesion-sample4-nano-scratch-173mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26301" alt="stent groove coating adhesion sample 4 nano scratch 173 mN minimal failure testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(d) Sample 4 – Higher Adhesion in Groove (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 7: </span>Nano scratch tracks inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing (c) coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN in Sample 3 and (d) higher adhesion with delayed failure at Lc ≈ 173 mN in Sample 4.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample3-grooved-stent-failure.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26302" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 3 – Earlier Coating Failure (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample4-grooved-stent-high-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26303" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="319" data-end="387">(b) Sample 4 – Delayed Failure and Higher Adhesion (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 8: </span>Evolution of normal load and penetration depth during nano scratch testing inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing earlier coating failure in Sample 3 and delayed failure at higher load in Sample 4. The vertical green line indicates the critical load (Lc) where coating delamination occurs.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusión</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="245" data-end="468">This study demonstrates the ability of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester to quantitatively evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of polymer coatings on both regular and grooved stent geometries using nano scratch testing.</p><p data-start="470" data-end="825">The recessed geometry of the stent grooves, approximately 50 μm wide and 30 μm deep, presents a significant challenge for coating adhesion measurement. The high X–Y positioning accuracy of 0.25 μm enables precise placement of the scratch test within these confined regions, allowing direct evaluation of coating performance where failure is most critical.</p><p data-start="827" data-end="1124">By applying a controlled, progressively increasing load, critical loads associated with coating failure can be identified and compared across samples. This approach enables reliable differentiation of coating adhesion performance and interfacial integrity, even on small, complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cee3530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cee3530" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Referencias</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[I] http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stents</em><br /><em>[II] http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402006000300008 </em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is stent coating adhesion testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Stent coating adhesion testing evaluates how strongly a polymer coating is bonded to the metal substrate of a stent. Techniques such as nano scratch testing quantify the load at which coating damage and delamination occur, providing measurable indicators of adhesion strength.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is critical load (Lc) in nano scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Critical load (Lc) is the applied load at which a coating fails during a scratch test.</p><ul data-start="747" data-end="890"><li data-section-id="bhdxv4" data-start="747" data-end="813">Lc1 corresponds to the first visible damage in the coating</li><li data-section-id="4photk" data-start="814" data-end="890">Lc2 indicates complete coating removal and exposure of the substrate</li></ul><p data-start="892" data-end="967">These values are used to quantify and compare coating adhesion performance.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is coating adhesion important in drug-eluting stents?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coating adhesion directly affects the reliability of drug-eluting stents. Poor adhesion can lead to coating delamination, which may compromise controlled drug release and increase the risk of device failure.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you measure coating adhesion inside stent grooves?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Measuring adhesion inside stent grooves requires high positioning accuracy and appropriate indenter geometry. Nano scratch testing with sharp diamond tips allows access to recessed coating regions, enabling direct evaluation of adhesion within complex stent geometries.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction (COF) indicate in scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">The coefficient of friction (COF) reflects changes in surface interaction during the scratch test. A sudden increase in COF often indicates coating failure and contact between the indenter and the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can nano scratch testing compare different coating formulations?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Nano scratch testing enables direct comparison of coatings by measuring critical loads under controlled conditions. Higher critical loads indicate stronger adhesion and improved resistance to delamination, allowing selection of better-performing coating systems.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Stent Coating Adhesion Testing?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:02:01 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26196</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Dental Surface Characterization Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry Request Surface Analysis Ask an Expert Live Prepared by Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA Introduction The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26196" class="elementor elementor-26196" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | Dental Surface Characterization</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26092" alt="Dental surface roughness measurement and 3D molar reconstruction using optical profilometry" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA</p>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introducción</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at the nanometer scale, enables advanced research and applications in orthodontics and dental materials science. Non-contact optical profilometry provides a precise method for measuring dental surface roughness and analyzing tooth surface morphology without damaging delicate structures. These measurements support the development of composite dental materials that replicate the natural surface roughness of enamel, as well as the design and fabrication of patient-specific dental casts and restorative components.</p><p data-start="1460" data-end="1982">Low surface roughness plays a primary role in limiting bacterial adhesion and plaque formation, thereby reducing the risk of cavities. An increase in average roughness (Ra) above 2 µm leads to a steep increase in biofilm formation in vivo.¹ An Ra of 0.2 µm is considered the threshold value below which no further reduction in bacterial adhesion can be expected.²</p><p data-start="1984" data-end="2182">Reconstruction of the tooth’s 3D surface topography enables the fabrication of dental casts, which are essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and the fabrication of dental appliances.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Non-Contact Optical Profilometry for Dental Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="232" data-end="713">The present study illustrates the potential of NANOVEA’s high-precision non-contact optical profilometers for dental surface roughness measurement and 3D tooth topography analysis. Chromatic Light technology offers significant advantages over classical touch probe techniques. It acquires data points from deep crevices and complex geometries without introducing measurement errors or artifacts caused by local plastic deformation and without requiring extensive data manipulation.</p><p data-start="715" data-end="1135">Compared to focus variation systems, single-point optical sensing provides superior lateral and height accuracy, with X/Y resolution below 0.5 µm, maximum vertical resolution of 1.9 nm, and the ability to measure surface angles up to 87°. The technique is effective on transparent, opaque, specular, diffusive, polished, and rough dental surfaces, making it well suited for comprehensive dental surface characterization.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> Más información <a href="https://nanovea.com/surface-profiling-lab-services/">non-contact optical profilometry and surface roughness measurement services</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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		</section>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="313" data-end="697">En esta aplicación, el <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler</a> was used to analyze the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar previously affected by tooth decay. The side of the tooth was scanned using a PS2–MG140 single-point optical sensor to measure surface roughness parameters over a defined region of interest and along multiple line profiles.</p><p data-start="699" data-end="888">The crown of the tooth was then scanned and reconstructed using a PS5–MG35 single-point optical sensor, which is suited for larger-area acquisition and full 3D tooth topography measurement.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;"><br />NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span><br />Perfilómetro óptico</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Measurement Using NANOVEA Optical Profilometer</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="914" data-end="1026">Surface roughness measurements were performed on the lateral side of the molar crown, followed by full 3D reconstruction of the crown surface. Separate single-point optical sensors were used to optimize measurement accuracy for both localized roughness analysis and large-area surface topography acquisition.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS2 – MG140</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/optical-profilometer-dental-surface-roughness-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26123" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Surface roughness analysis by area and parallel line profiles on the side of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS5 – MG35</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3d-tooth-topography-measurement-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26122" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Full 3D surface reconstruction of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Parámetros de medición</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The following measurement parameters were used for localized surface roughness analysis and full 3D surface reconstruction of the molar crown using NANOVEA single-point optical sensors.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Area)</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</th><th>Full 3D Reconstruction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Optical Pen</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS5-MG35</td></tr><tr><td>Z-Range [µm]</td><td>300</td><td>300</td><td>10000</td></tr><tr><td>X-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>3.00</td><td>7.50</td></tr><tr><td>X-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>1.70</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>7.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>100.00</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Average (Avg)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Measurement Type</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Mode</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Double Frequency</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Rate [Hz]</td><td>200</td><td>200</td><td>100–400</td></tr><tr><td>Light Intensity [%]</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis (Area)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The PS2 single-point optical sensor was used to investigate fine surface features on the side of the tooth. The image below shows a false-color 2D surface map of the scanned region obtained by non-contact optical profilometry.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1162" height="906" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-scanned-region-2d-height-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26127" alt="False-color 2D height map of scanned tooth surface region" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A least-squares degree-8 polynomial form removal was applied to isolate the surface roughness component. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm and L-Gaussian 0.8 mm were then applied according to ISO 25178. The resulting filtered surface and corresponding roughness parameters are presented below.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e80acb9 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e80acb9" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="748" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-iso-25178-filtered-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26133" alt="" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper"><table class="iso-roughness-table"><tbody><!-- Filter Settings --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">ISO 25178 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>F:</strong> [Workflow] Form removed (LS-poly 8)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><!-- Height Parameters Header --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td></tr><!-- Height Parameter Rows --><tr><td class="param-code">Sq</td><td>2.433</td><td>µm</td><td>Altura media cuadrática</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Ssk</td><td>-0.102</td><td> </td><td>Skewness</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Código</td><td>3.715</td><td> </td><td>Kurtosis</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sp</td><td>18.861</td><td>µm</td><td>Altura máxima del pico</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sv</td><td>16.553</td><td>µm</td><td>Maximum pit depth</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sz</td><td>35.414</td><td>µm</td><td>Altura máxima</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sa</td><td>1.888</td><td>µm</td><td>Altura media aritmética</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="117" data-end="216">The average surface roughness Sa is 1.888 µm, while the peak-to-valley height Sz reaches 35.414 µm.</p><p data-start="218" data-end="295">A 3D surface rendering of the filtered area is shown below for visualization.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="892" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-3d-render-iso-filtered.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26129" alt="3D rendering of ISO 25178 filtered tooth surface roughness" />															</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Surface roughness profiles were measured using a series of 11 parallel line scans along the X direction on the side of the tooth. The false-color 2D surface map of the raw scan is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-raw-scan-2d-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26143" alt="False-color 2D raw scan of tooth surface for line roughness profiles" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The surface form was removed using a least-squares 8-degree polynomial prior to applying the metrological filters, leaving the residual surface shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-residual-after-form-removal.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26144" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A statistical analysis of the measured surface roughness profiles reveals the following line roughness parameters.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1670" height="606" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-profile-overlay-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26148" alt="Overlay of multiple tooth surface roughness profiles for statistical analysis" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> Ninguno</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">5.683</td><td class="center">0.761</td><td class="center">4.315</td><td class="center">6.610</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">6.242</td><td class="center">1.009</td><td class="center">4.701</td><td class="center">8.438</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">11.925</td><td class="center">1.676</td><td class="center">9.123</td><td class="center">15.048</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.063</td><td class="center">0.297</td><td class="center">1.710</td><td class="center">2.629</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.523</td><td class="center">0.361</td><td class="center">2.057</td><td class="center">3.175</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> Ninguno</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="184" data-end="276">The value of Ra is consistent with the Sa value extracted from the surface area measurement.</p><p data-start="278" data-end="659">Different metrological filters can be applied to distinguish between macroscopic waviness and microscopic surface roughness. For example, a coarser filter cut-off, such as the 8 mm cut-off used with the Robust Gaussian order-2 filter, produces a smoother waviness profile (red) that is less sensitive to sharp local variations and follows the original surface profile more loosely.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1855" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-waviness-vs-roughness-filter-comparison.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26158" alt="Comparison of waviness and roughness profiles on tooth surface using coarse filter" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Alternatively, a finer cut-off (e.g., 0.08 mm) enables the analysis of micro-roughness by removing the waviness component that follows the original profile at a larger scale, leaving the finer surface roughness features of the tooth visible.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1853" height="790" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-profile-filtering.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26159" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The microroughness analysis obtained using a 0.08 mm L-Gaussian filter is presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="431" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-final-profile.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26160" alt="Final microroughness profile of tooth surface after filtering" />															</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7829cdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7829cdd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> Ninguno</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.08 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (37)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.582</td><td class="center">0.122</td><td class="center">1.342</td><td class="center">1.748</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.466</td><td class="center">0.119</td><td class="center">1.254</td><td class="center">1.661</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">3.049</td><td class="center">0.196</td><td class="center">2.820</td><td class="center">3.409</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.495</td><td class="center">0.047</td><td class="center">0.423</td><td class="center">0.597</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.643</td><td class="center">0.056</td><td class="center">0.562</td><td class="center">0.762</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> Ninguno</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Full 3D Tooth Surface Topography Reconstruction</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The extended Z-scan range of the PS5 optical sensor enables high-fidelity scanning of the entire tooth crown surface. The resulting 3D surface topography is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="469" height="348" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-crown-surface-topography-3d-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26172" alt="False-color surface topography map of full tooth crown measured with optical profilometer" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">2D VIEW: </span>2D surface map of the tooth crown measured with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="930" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/molar-crown-3d-surface-reconstruction-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26173" alt="3D surface reconstruction of molar crown from optical profilometer scan" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">3D VIEW: </span>High-fidelity 3D rendering of the molar crown surface obtained with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusión</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="401" data-end="560">In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar.</p><p data-start="562" data-end="922">Both the area scan and the line profile analysis revealed a roughness Rq of approximately 2.5 µm and an Ra of about 1.9–2.0 µm. These values are consistent with results reported in the literature.³ The use of a narrower L-Gaussian filter with an 80 µm cut-off enabled further investigation of micro-roughness, revealing an Rq of 0.643 µm and an Ra of 0.495 µm.</p><p data-start="924" data-end="1270">The full 3D surface topography of the molar crown was reconstructed with high fidelity. The high measurement resolution allows detection of fine surface features and crevices. The resulting surface data can be easily processed and exported as STL files, enabling the design and fabrication of customized dental devices and restorative components.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Referencias</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Shin, B.W., et al. Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Simulated Toothbrushing. Pediatric Dentistry 44.5 (2022): 363–367.</em><br /><em>[2] Bollen, C.M.L., Paul Lambrechts, and Marc Quirynen. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dental Materials 13.4 (1997): 258–269.</em><br /><em>[3] Suputtamongkol, K., et al. Surface roughness resulting from wear of lithia-disilicate-based posterior crowns. Wear 269.3–4 (2010): 317–322.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Dental Surface Roughness Measurement</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is dental surface roughness measurement?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Dental surface roughness measurement quantifies the microscopic texture of tooth surfaces using parameters such as Ra, Rq, and Sa. Optical profilometers measure these features without contacting the surface, allowing accurate analysis of enamel, restorative materials, and dental crowns.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use optical profilometry to measure tooth roughness?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Optical profilometry provides non-contact surface measurement with nanometer-scale vertical resolution. It captures 2D surface maps and full 3D surface topography of dental structures without damaging soft or polished surfaces.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What roughness parameters are used for dental surface analysis?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Common roughness parameters include Ra (arithmetic mean roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness), Sa (areal roughness), and Sz (maximum surface height). These parameters help evaluate enamel wear, plaque adhesion risk, and the performance of restorative materials.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is surface roughness important in dentistry?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Surface roughness affects plaque retention, wear resistance, and the long-term performance of dental restorations. Controlling micro-roughness can reduce bacterial adhesion and improve the durability of dental materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Surface Roughness Measurement for Dental Materials?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Pruebas de resistencia al rayado de los protectores de pantalla de los teléfonos</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/prueba-de-resistencia-a-los-rayones-de-protectores-de-pantalla-para-telefonos/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=scratch-resistance-testing-of-phone-screen-protectors</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/prueba-de-resistencia-a-los-rayones-de-protectores-de-pantalla-para-telefonos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 12 Nov 2025 17:42:04 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Fracture Toughness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scratch Testing | Cohesive Failure]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=25222</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors Prepared by Stacey Pereira, Jocelyn Esparza, and Pierre Leroux Understanding Scratch Resistance in Phone Screen Protectors Protective coatings on phone screens play a critical role in scratch resistance, adhesion strength, and long-term durability. Over time, scratches, micro-cracks, and coating delamination can reduce optical clarity and reliability — especially [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/prueba-de-resistencia-a-los-rayones-de-protectores-de-pantalla-para-telefonos/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="25222" class="elementor elementor-25222" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pruebas de resistencia al rayado de los protectores de pantalla de los teléfonos</h1>				</div>
				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cracked-phone-screen-protector-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25259" alt="" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</p>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-320eabc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="320eabc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Stacey Pereira, Jocelyn Esparza y Pierre Leroux</p>				</div>
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					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Comprender la resistencia a los arañazos de los protectores de pantalla de los teléfonos</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-99f95f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="99f95f0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="327" data-end="820">Los revestimientos protectores de las pantallas de los teléfonos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la resistencia a los arañazos, la fuerza de adherencia y la durabilidad a largo plazo. Con el tiempo, los arañazos, las microgrietas y la deslaminación del revestimiento pueden reducir la claridad óptica y la fiabilidad, especialmente en entornos de uso intensivo. Para evaluar la resistencia de los distintos protectores de pantalla a los daños mecánicos, los ensayos instrumentados de rayado proporcionan información cuantificable sobre los mecanismos de fallo del revestimiento, como la adherencia, la cohesión y el comportamiento de fractura.</p><p data-start="822" data-end="1136">En este estudio, <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">Comprobador mecánico NANOVEA PB1000</a> se utiliza para comparar protectores de pantalla de TPU frente a los de vidrio templado sometidos a una carga progresiva controlada. Mediante la detección precisa de emisiones acústicas, identificamos las cargas críticas de fallo y caracterizamos cómo responde cada material al aumento de la tensión mecánica.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Por qué son importantes las pruebas de resistencia a los arañazos para los protectores de pantalla</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aae756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="aae756f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">Muchos usuarios dan por sentado que los protectores más gruesos o duros tienen automáticamente un mejor rendimiento, pero la durabilidad real depende de cómo se comporte el material bajo carga progresiva, deformación de la superficie y tensión localizada. Los ensayos de rayado instrumentados permiten a los ingenieros medir la adherencia del revestimiento, la fuerza cohesiva, la resistencia al desgaste de la superficie y las cargas exactas a las que se inician o propagan los fallos.</p><p data-start="1622" data-end="1964">Mediante el análisis de los puntos de inicio de las grietas, el comportamiento de la delaminación y los modos de fallo, los fabricantes pueden validar el rendimiento de los protectores de pantalla para I+D, control de calidad o evaluación comparativa. Las pruebas de nanorrayaduras y microrrayaduras ofrecen información repetible y basada en datos sobre la durabilidad en el mundo real, mucho más allá de los índices de dureza tradicionales.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> Más información <a class="decorated-link cursor-pointer" href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2047" data-end="2121">servicios de pruebas de rayado y adherencia para revestimientos y protectores de pantalla.</a></em></p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6911f48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Objetivo de la prueba de raspado: <br>Medición de las cargas de fallo en los protectores de pantalla</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1fb52d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1fb52d9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="1702" data-end="2144">El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar cómo el Probador Mecánico NANOVEA PB1000 realiza pruebas repetibles y estandarizadas de resistencia al rayado tanto en protectores de pantalla poliméricos como de vidrio. Al aumentar progresivamente la carga aplicada, el sistema detecta cargas críticas para el fallo cohesivo y adhesivo, captura señales de emisión acústica y correlaciona estos eventos con la profundidad del arañazo, la fuerza de fricción y la deformación de la superficie.</p><p data-start="2146" data-end="2656">Esta metodología proporciona un perfil mecánico completo de cada revestimiento protector, lo que permite a los fabricantes y a los equipos de I+D evaluar las fórmulas de los materiales, la fuerza de adhesión del revestimiento, la durabilidad de la superficie y el grosor óptimo del revestimiento para mejorar el rendimiento del producto. Estas evaluaciones de rayado forman parte de la gama más amplia de productos de NANOVEA. <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">soluciones de ensayos mecánicos</a> utilizado para caracterizar revestimientos, películas y sustratos en entornos de I+D, control de calidad y producción.</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NANOVEA-Scratch-Tester-amd-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-22859" alt="NANOVEA SCRATCH TESTER: PRUEBA DE DESGASTE DEL REVESTIMIENTO DE PTFE" />								</a>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6bb8a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f6bb8a6" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Parámetros del ensayo de rayado y configuración del instrumento</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">La evaluación de la resistencia al rayado de los protectores de pantalla de TPU y vidrio templado se realizó en condiciones controladas para garantizar la repetibilidad y la detección precisa de la carga de fallo. Los siguientes parámetros definen la configuración de ensayo de rayado de carga progresiva utilizada en el NANOVEA PB1000 Mechanical Tester.</p>								</div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50.0898%; padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">TIPO DE CARGA</td>
<td style="width: 49.9102%; padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">PROGRESIVO</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">CARGA INICIAL</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">0.1 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">CARGA FINAL</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">12 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">VELOCIDAD DE DESLIZAMIENTO</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3,025 mm/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">DISTANCIA DE DESLIZAMIENTO</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">GEOMETRÍA DEL PENETRADOR</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">ROCKWELL (CONO DE 120°)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">MATERIAL DEL PENETRADOR (PUNTA)</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">DIAMANTE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">RADIO DE LA PUNTA DEL PENETRADOR</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">50 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">ATMÓSFERA</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">AIRE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">TEMPERATURA</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">24 °C (TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLA 1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> <span class="fontstyle0">Parámetros de ensayo utilizados para la prueba de rayado</span> <br /></span></p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ebcc74a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ebcc74a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="658" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-mechanical-tester-screen-protector-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25228" alt="Muestra de protector de pantalla sometida a la prueba de rayado en el comprobador mecánico NANOVEA PB1000" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8e1a70e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8e1a70e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p>Muestra de protector de pantalla montada en el Comprobador Mecánico NANOVEA PB1000 durante la medición de arañazos con carga progresiva.</p>								</div>
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		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f60fe4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="f60fe4c" data-element_type="container">
					<div class="e-con-inner">
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bb639a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="bb639a5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Muestras de protectores de pantalla utilizadas para las pruebas de resistencia al rayado</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-76e6903 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="76e6903" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="339" data-end="686">Se seleccionaron dos materiales protectores de pantalla disponibles en el mercado para comparar las diferencias en la resistencia a los arañazos, el comportamiento ante fallos y la durabilidad mecánica. Ambas muestras se montaron firmemente en el comprobador mecánico NANOVEA PB1000 y se evaluaron en condiciones idénticas de carga progresiva para garantizar una comparación coherente e imparcial.</p><p data-start="688" data-end="1108">El protector de pantalla de TPU representa una película polimérica flexible de gran elasticidad pero menor resistencia a la abrasión, mientras que el protector de vidrio templado representa un material rígido y quebradizo diseñado para una gran dureza y una mayor protección contra impactos. Probar ambos materiales bajo el mismo perfil de carga permite evaluar claramente cómo influyen la composición, elasticidad y dureza del material en los modos de fallo por arañazos.</p>								</div>
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					</div>
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		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-10135bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="10135bc" data-element_type="container">
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				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>Protector de pantalla TPU</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-576b237 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="576b237" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tpu-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25234" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
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		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4e77ae1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4e77ae1" data-element_type="container">
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									<p>Cristal templado</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1cab53e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1cab53e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tempered-glass-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25233" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
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		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b5b0615 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="b5b0615" data-element_type="container">
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a98ee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7a98ee7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Protectores de pantalla de TPU y vidrio templado preparados para las pruebas de resistencia a arañazos.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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				</div>
					</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Resultados de las pruebas de arañazos: Modos de fallo en protectores de pantalla de TPU frente a los de vidrio templado</h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-402f283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="402f283" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">TIPO DE PROTECTOR DE PANTALLA</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CARGA CRÍTICA #1 (N)</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CARGA CRÍTICA #2 (N)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">TPU</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">n/a</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">2.004 ± 0.063</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">VIDRIO TEMPLADO</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.608 ± 0.281</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">7.44 ± 0.995</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a483c12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a483c12" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLA 2:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Resumen de las cargas críticas para cada muestra de protector de pantalla.</span></p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1be118e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1be118e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Dado que los protectores de pantalla de TPU y vidrio templado tienen propiedades mecánicas fundamentalmente diferentes, cada muestra mostró modos de fallo y umbrales de carga crítica distintos durante las pruebas de rayado con carga progresiva. La tabla 2 resume las cargas críticas medidas para cada material.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">La carga crítica #1 representa el primer punto observable de fallo cohesivo bajo microscopía óptica, como el inicio de la grieta o la fractura radial.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">La carga crítica #2 corresponde al primer evento importante detectado a través de la monitorización de emisiones acústicas (EA), que suele representar un fallo estructural mayor o un evento de penetración.</p><h3 data-start="1188" data-end="1246"><strong data-start="1192" data-end="1244">Protector de pantalla TPU - Comportamiento de polímero flexible</strong></h3><p data-start="1247" data-end="1487">El protector de pantalla de TPU sólo presentó un evento crítico significativo (Carga crítica #2). Esta carga corresponde al punto a lo largo de la pista de arañazos donde la película comenzó a levantarse, pelarse o desprenderse de la superficie de la pantalla del teléfono.</p><p data-start="1489" data-end="1789">Una vez superada la carga crítica #2 (≈2,00 N), el penetrador penetró lo suficiente como para causar un arañazo visible directamente en la pantalla del teléfono durante el resto de la prueba. No se detectó ningún evento de Carga Crítica #1 por separado, en consonancia con la alta elasticidad del material y su menor resistencia cohesiva.</p><h3 data-start="1796" data-end="1864"><strong data-start="1800" data-end="1862">Protector de pantalla de vidrio templado - Comportamiento ante fallos por fragilidad</strong></h3><p data-start="1865" data-end="1977">El protector de pantalla de vidrio templado mostró dos cargas críticas distintas, características de los materiales frágiles:</p><ul data-start="1979" data-end="2284"><li data-start="1979" data-end="2142"><p data-start="1981" data-end="2142">Carga crítica #1 (≈3,61 N): Se observaron fracturas radiales e inicio de grietas al microscopio, lo que indica un fallo cohesivo temprano de la capa de vidrio.</p></li><li data-start="2143" data-end="2284"><p data-start="2145" data-end="2284">Carga crítica #2 (≈7,44 N): Un gran pico de EA y un fuerte aumento de la profundidad del rayado indicaron la penetración del protector con cargas más altas.</p></li></ul><p data-start="2286" data-end="2495">Aunque la magnitud del EA fue superior a la del TPU, no se produjeron daños en la pantalla del teléfono, lo que demuestra la capacidad del protector de vidrio templado para absorber y distribuir la carga antes de que se produzca un fallo catastrófico.</p><p data-start="2497" data-end="2665">En ambos materiales, la Carga Crítica #2 correspondió al momento en que el indentador atravesó el protector de pantalla, confirmando el límite de protección de cada muestra.</p>								</div>
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					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b58c652 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b58c652" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Protector de pantalla TPU: Datos de la prueba de arañazos y análisis de fallos</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5f785bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5f785bc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">ROZADURA</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CARGA CRÍTICA #2 (N)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.033</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.047</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1.931</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">MEDIA</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.003</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">DESVIACIÓN TÍPICA</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.052</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7253696 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7253696" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLA 3:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Cargas críticas medidas durante las pruebas de rayado del protector de pantalla de TPU.</span></p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-88392d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="88392d4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25239" alt="Gráfico que muestra la fricción, la fuerza normal, las emisiones acústicas y la profundidad frente a la longitud del arañazo para el protector de pantalla TPU probado en el probador mecánico NANOVEA." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 2:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Fuerza de fricción, carga normal, emisión acústica (EA) y profundidad del arañazo frente a la longitud del arañazo para el protector de pantalla de TPU. <span class="fontstyle0">(B) Carga crítica #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-2-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25240" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 3:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Imagen de microscopía óptica del protector de pantalla TPU en Critical Load #2 (aumento 5×; ancho de imagen 0,8934 mm).<br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4fd94cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="4fd94cf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="256" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-full-length-image.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25241" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 4:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Imagen completa del protector de pantalla de TPU después del rayado que muestra la huella completa del rayado tras la prueba de carga progresiva.</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"><br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b076c23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b076c23" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Protector de pantalla de vidrio templado: Datos de carga crítica y comportamiento de fractura</h3>				</div>
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">
<td style="padding: 8px;">ROZADURA</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">CARGA CRÍTICA #1 (N)</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">CARGA CRÍTICA #2 (N)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.923</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">7.366</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.382</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.483</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.519</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">8.468</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">MEDIA</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.653</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.925</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">DESVIACIÓN TÍPICA</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.383</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.624</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">CUADRO 4:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Cargas críticas medidas durante las pruebas de rayado del protector de pantalla de vidrio templado.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> Para la comparación con revestimientos de polímeros no silicatados, véase nuestro estudio sobre <a href="https://nanovea.com/ptfe-coating-wear-test/">Pruebas de desgaste del revestimiento de PTFE</a>que pone de relieve el comportamiento de fallo en películas poliméricas de baja fricción en condiciones similares de carga progresiva.</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25242" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 5:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Fuerza de fricción, carga normal, emisión acústica (EA) y profundidad del arañazo frente a la longitud del arañazo para el protector de pantalla de vidrio templado. <span class="fontstyle0">(A) Carga crítica #1 (B) Carga crítica #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25243" alt="Imágenes de microscopía óptica que muestran las ubicaciones de fallo de Carga Crítica #1 y Carga Crítica #2 en el protector de pantalla de vidrio templado durante la prueba de rayado con un aumento de 5x utilizando el probador mecánico NANOVEA." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 6:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Imágenes de microscopía óptica que muestran los puntos de fallo de la carga crítica #1 (izquierda) y de la carga crítica #2 (derecha) con un aumento de 5× (ancho de imagen: 0,8934 mm).<br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="252" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25244" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 7:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Imagen de microscopía óptica posterior a la prueba de la pista de rayado de vidrio templado, destacando el inicio de la fractura (CL#1) y la zona de penetración final (CL#2) tras la prueba de carga progresiva.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusión: Comparación del rendimiento frente a arañazos de los protectores de pantalla de TPU frente a los de vidrio templado</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843">Este estudio demuestra cómo el comprobador mecánico NANOVEA PB1000 proporciona mediciones de resistencia al rayado controladas, repetibles y altamente sensibles mediante carga progresiva y detección de emisiones acústicas (AE). Al capturar con precisión los eventos de fallo cohesivo y adhesivo, el sistema permite una comparación clara de cómo se comportan los protectores de pantalla de TPU y vidrio templado bajo una creciente tensión mecánica.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">Los resultados experimentales confirman que el vidrio templado presenta cargas críticas significativamente superiores a las del TPU, proporcionando una mayor resistencia al rayado, un retraso en el inicio de la fractura y una protección fiable contra la penetración del penetrador. La menor resistencia cohesiva del TPU y su deslaminación más temprana ponen de manifiesto sus limitaciones en entornos de alta tensión.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">Después de identificar las cargas de fallo, las huellas de arañazos resultantes también pueden analizarse utilizando un <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">perfilómetro óptico 3D sin contacto</a> para medir la profundidad del surco, la deformación residual y la topografía posterior al rayado. Esto ayuda a completar el perfil mecánico de cada material.</p><p data-start="1190" data-end="1564">El comprobador mecánico NANOVEA está diseñado para realizar ensayos precisos y repetibles de indentación, rayado y desgaste, y admite nano y micromódulos conformes con las normas ISO y ASTM. Su versatilidad lo convierte en la solución ideal para evaluar el perfil mecánico completo de películas finas, revestimientos, polímeros, vidrios y sustratos en I+D, producción y control de calidad.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preguntas frecuentes <br> Acerca de los ensayos de resistencia al rayado</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Qué es la prueba de resistencia al rayado?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">El ensayo de resistencia al rayado evalúa cómo responde un material o revestimiento cuando un estilete de diamante aplica una carga progresivamente creciente. El ensayo identifica las cargas críticas en las que se producen fallos cohesivos o adhesivos, proporcionando una medida cuantificable de la durabilidad, la fuerza de adhesión y la resistencia a los daños superficiales.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Cuál es la diferencia entre fallo cohesivo y fallo adhesivo?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Se produce un fallo de cohesión <em data-start="840" data-end="848">en</em> el revestimiento o el material, como agrietamiento, desgarro o fractura interna.<br data-start="921" data-end="924" />El fallo del adhesivo se produce cuando el revestimiento se desprende del sustrato, lo que indica una fuerza de adhesión insuficiente.</p><p data-start="168" data-end="494">El NANOVEA PB1000 detecta ambos utilizando la monitorización sincronizada de las emisiones acústicas, el seguimiento de la profundidad del arañazo y el análisis de la fricción.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Por qué utilizar un comprobador mecánico en lugar de métodos manuales?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Un comprobador mecánico como el NANOVEA PB1000 proporciona mediciones precisas, repetibles y estandarizadas, garantizando datos fiables para I+D, validación de la producción y control de calidad. También ofrece funciones avanzadas, como la detección de emisiones acústicas y la supervisión de la profundidad en tiempo real, que los métodos manuales no pueden ofrecer.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Necesita pruebas fiables de arañazos para sus materiales?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/prueba-de-resistencia-a-los-rayones-de-protectores-de-pantalla-para-telefonos/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Medición del desgaste in situ a alta temperatura</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/medicion-del-desgaste-in-situ-a-alta-temperatura/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=in-situ-wear-measurement-at-high-temperature</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/medicion-del-desgaste-in-situ-a-alta-temperatura/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 22:20:45 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Temperature Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10121</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IN SITU WEAR MEASUREMENT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE USING TRIBOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION The Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is a type of robust electrical transformer used to measure linear displacement. It has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including power turbines, hydraulics, automation, aircraft, satellites, nuclear reactors, and many [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/medicion-del-desgaste-in-situ-a-alta-temperatura/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10121" class="elementor elementor-10121" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">MEDICIÓN DEL DESGASTE IN SITU A ALTA TEMPERATURA</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">USO DEL TRIBÓMETRO</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="302" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-Aerospace-Tribology.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9629" alt="MEDICIÓN DEL DESGASTE IN SITU Tribómetro aeroespacial" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Doctor Duanjie Li</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>El transformador diferencial variable lineal (LVDT) es un tipo de transformador eléctrico robusto que se utiliza para medir el desplazamiento lineal. Se ha utilizado ampliamente en una gran variedad de aplicaciones industriales, entre las que se incluyen turbinas eléctricas, sistemas hidráulicos, automatización, aeronáutica, satélites, reactores nucleares y muchas otras.</p>
<p>En este estudio, presentamos los complementos LVDT y los módulos para altas temperaturas de NANOVEA. <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">Tribómetro</a> que permiten medir el cambio en la profundidad de la huella de desgaste de la muestra sometida a prueba durante el proceso de desgaste a temperaturas elevadas. Esto permite a los usuarios correlacionar las diferentes etapas del proceso de desgaste con la evolución del COF, lo cual es fundamental para mejorar la comprensión básica del mecanismo de desgaste y las características tribológicas de los materiales para aplicaciones a altas temperaturas.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>En este estudio, nos gustaría mostrar la capacidad del tribómetro NANOVEA T50 para monitorear in situ la evolución del proceso de desgaste de los materiales a temperaturas elevadas.</i></p><p><i>El proceso de desgaste de la cerámica de silicato de alúmina a diferentes temperaturas se simula de manera controlada y supervisada.</i></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="705" height="695" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Robust-Tribometer-Nanovea-T50.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9876" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PROCEDIMIENTO DE PRUEBA</h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0bb13fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="0bb13fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p>El comportamiento tribológico, por ejemplo, el coeficiente de fricción (COF) y la resistencia al desgaste de las placas cerámicas de silicato de alúmina, se evaluó con el tribómetro NANOVEA. La placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina se calentó en un horno desde temperatura ambiente (TA) hasta temperaturas elevadas (400 °C y 800 °C), y a continuación se realizaron ensayos de desgaste a dichas temperaturas. </p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">A modo de comparación, las pruebas de desgaste se llevaron a cabo cuando la muestra se enfrió de 800 °C a 400 °C y, posteriormente, a temperatura ambiente. Se aplicó una punta de bola de AI2O3 (6 mm de diámetro, grado 100) contra las muestras sometidas a prueba. Se supervisaron in situ el COF, la profundidad de desgaste y la temperatura.</span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e62194a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e62194a" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>PARÁMETROS DE PRUEBA</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7df685c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7df685c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">de la medición del pin sobre disco</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="783" height="150" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Test-parameters-of-the-pin-on-disk-measurement-09.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9647" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="461" height="436" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Tribometer-Sample-LVDT.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9644" alt="Tribómetro LVDT Muestra" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-daca6c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="daca6c8" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>La tasa de desgaste, K, se evaluó utilizando la fórmula K=V/(Fxs)=A/(Fxn), donde V es el volumen desgastado, F es la carga normal, s es la distancia de deslizamiento, A es el área transversal de la huella de desgaste y n es el número de revoluciones. La rugosidad de la superficie y los perfiles de las huellas de desgaste se evaluaron con el perfilómetro óptico NANOVEA, y la morfología de las huellas de desgaste se examinó con un microscopio óptico.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">RESULTADOS Y DEBATE</h2>				</div>
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									<p>El COF y la profundidad de la huella de desgaste registrados in situ se muestran en la FIGURA 1 y la FIGURA 2, respectivamente. En la FIGURA 1, “-I” indica la prueba realizada cuando la temperatura se incrementó desde la temperatura ambiente hasta una temperatura elevada. “-D” representa la temperatura disminuida desde una temperatura más alta de 800 °C.</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">Como se muestra en la FIGURA 1, las muestras probadas a diferentes temperaturas presentan un COF comparable de ~0,6 en todas las mediciones. Un COF tan alto provoca un proceso de desgaste acelerado que genera una cantidad considerable de residuos. La profundidad de la huella de desgaste se supervisó durante las pruebas de desgaste mediante LVDT, como se muestra en la FIGURA 2. Las pruebas realizadas a temperatura ambiente antes del calentamiento de la muestra y después de su enfriamiento muestran que la placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina presenta un proceso de desgaste progresivo a temperatura ambiente, y que la profundidad de la huella de desgaste aumenta gradualmente a lo largo de la prueba de desgaste hasta ~170 y ~150 μm, respectivamente. </span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">En comparación, las pruebas de desgaste a temperaturas elevadas (400 °C y 800 °C) muestran un comportamiento de desgaste diferente: la profundidad de la huella de desgaste aumenta rápidamente al inicio del proceso de desgaste y se ralentiza a medida que avanza la prueba. Las profundidades de las marcas de desgaste para las pruebas realizadas a temperaturas de 400 °C-I, 800 °C y 400 °C-D son de aproximadamente 140, 350 y 210 μm, respectivamente.</span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-383bb84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="383bb84" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="785" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Coefficient-of-Friction-during-pin-on-desk-Tests-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9954" alt="COF durante pruebas con pin sobre escritorio a diferentes temperaturas" />															</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-54788e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="54788e7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURA 1. </i></b>
<span>Coeficiente de fricción durante pruebas de clavija sobre disco a diferentes temperaturas</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="799" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Evolution-of-wear-track-depth-of-the-alumina-silicate-ceramic-plate-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9955" alt="Profundidad de desgaste de la placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina a diferentes temperaturas" />															</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7b1b5d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7b1b5d2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURA 2. </i></b>
<span>Evolución de la profundidad de la huella de desgaste de la placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina a diferentes temperaturas.</span> 
<br style="line-height: normal;text-align: -webkit-auto">
</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Se midieron la tasa de desgaste promedio y la profundidad de la huella de desgaste de las placas de cerámica de silicato de alúmina a diferentes temperaturas utilizando <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> Perfilómetro óptico, tal y como se resume en <b><i>FIGURA 3</i></b>. La profundidad de la huella de desgaste coincide con la registrada mediante LVDT. La placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina muestra una tasa de desgaste sustancialmente mayor, de ~0,5 mm3/Nm a 800 °C, en comparación con las tasas de desgaste inferiores a 0,2 mm3/N a temperaturas inferiores a 400 °C. La placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina no muestra una mejora significativa de sus propiedades mecánicas/tribológicas tras el breve proceso de calentamiento, ya que presenta una tasa de desgaste comparable antes y después del tratamiento térmico.</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">La cerámica de silicato de alúmina, también conocida como lava y piedra maravillosa, es blanda y mecanizable antes del tratamiento térmico. Un largo proceso de cocción a temperaturas elevadas de hasta 1093 °C puede mejorar sustancialmente su dureza y resistencia, tras lo cual se requiere un mecanizado con diamante. Esta característica única hace que la cerámica de silicato de alúmina sea un material ideal para la escultura.</span></p><p>En este estudio, demostramos que el tratamiento térmico a una temperatura inferior a la requerida para la cocción (800 °C frente a 1093 °C) en un tiempo breve no mejora las características mecánicas y tribológicas de la cerámica de silicato de alúmina, lo que hace que la cocción adecuada sea un proceso esencial para este material antes de su uso en aplicaciones reales.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1687" height="1211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Wear-rate-and-wear-track-depth-of-the-sample-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9962" alt="Tasa de desgaste y profundidad de la huella de desgaste de la muestra a diferentes temperaturas 1" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURA 3. </i></b>
Tasa de desgaste y profundidad de la huella de desgaste de la muestra a diferentes temperaturas.</h2>				</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a218831 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a218831" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Basándonos en el análisis tribológico exhaustivo realizado en este estudio, demostramos que la placa cerámica de silicato de alúmina presenta un coeficiente de fricción comparable a diferentes temperaturas, desde la temperatura ambiente hasta los 800 °C. Sin embargo, muestra un aumento sustancial de la tasa de desgaste de ~0,5 mm3/Nm a 800 °C, lo que demuestra la importancia de un tratamiento térmico adecuado de esta cerámica.</p><p>Los tribómetros NANOVEA son capaces de evaluar las propiedades tribológicas de los materiales para aplicaciones a altas temperaturas de hasta 1000 °C. La función de medición in situ del coeficiente de fricción (COF) y la profundidad de la huella de desgaste permite a los usuarios correlacionar las diferentes etapas del proceso de desgaste con la evolución del COF, lo cual es fundamental para mejorar la comprensión básica del mecanismo de desgaste y las características tribológicas de los materiales utilizados a temperaturas elevadas.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0dd5029 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0dd5029" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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									<p>Los tribómetros NANOVEA ofrecen pruebas de desgaste y fricción precisas y repetibles utilizando modos rotativos y lineales que cumplen con las normas ISO y ASTM, con módulos opcionales de desgaste a alta temperatura, lubricación y tribocorrosión disponibles en un sistema preintegrado. La inigualable gama de NANOVEA es una solución ideal para determinar toda la gama de propiedades tribológicas de recubrimientos, películas y sustratos delgados o gruesos, blandos o duros.</p><p>Hay disponibles perfiladores 3D sin contacto opcionales para obtener imágenes 3D de alta resolución de las huellas de desgaste, además de otras mediciones superficiales, como la rugosidad.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="546" height="308" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-1-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9973" alt="MEDICIÓN DEL DESGASTE IN SITU" />															</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/medicion-del-desgaste-in-situ-a-alta-temperatura/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Análisis de la superficie de escamas de pez mediante un perfilómetro óptico 3D</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 02:56:37 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10003</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler Learn more</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/analisis-de-la-superficie-a-escala-de-peces-con-perfilador-optico-3d/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10003" class="elementor elementor-10003" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Análisis de la superficie de escamas de pez mediante un perfilómetro óptico 3D</p><p>Más información</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ANÁLISIS DE LA SUPERFICIE DE LAS ESCAMAS DE LOS PECES</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">utilizando un PERFILADOR ÓPTICO 3D</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-08.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10005" alt="Perfilómetro de escamas de pescado" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Andrea Novitsky</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La morfología, los patrones y otras características de las escamas de los peces se estudian utilizando NANOVEA. <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Perfilador óptico 3D sin contacto</a>. La delicada naturaleza de esta muestra biológica, junto con sus ranuras muy pequeñas y de ángulo elevado, también destaca la importancia de la técnica sin contacto del perfilador. Las ranuras de la escama se denominan circuli y pueden estudiarse para estimar la edad del pez e incluso distinguir períodos de diferentes tasas de crecimiento, de forma similar a los anillos de un árbol. Se trata de una información muy importante para la gestión de las poblaciones de peces silvestres con el fin de evitar la sobrepesca.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Importancia de la perfilometría 3D sin contacto PARA ESTUDIOS BIOLÓGICOS</h2>				</div>
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									<p>A diferencia de otras técnicas, como las sondas táctiles o la interferometría, el perfilómetro óptico 3D sin contacto, que utiliza cromatismo axial, puede medir casi cualquier superficie. El tamaño de las muestras puede variar ampliamente debido a la disposición abierta y no es necesario preparar las muestras. Durante la medición del perfil de la superficie se obtienen características en el rango nano a macro sin ninguna influencia de la reflectividad o absorción de la muestra. El instrumento ofrece una capacidad avanzada para medir ángulos de superficie elevados sin necesidad de manipular los resultados mediante software. Se puede medir fácilmente cualquier material, ya sea transparente, opaco, especular, difusivo, pulido o rugoso. La técnica ofrece una capacidad ideal, amplia y fácil de usar para maximizar los estudios de superficie, junto con las ventajas de las capacidades combinadas de 2D y 3D.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</p>								</div>
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									<p>En esta aplicación, presentamos el NANOVEA ST400, un perfilómetro 3D sin contacto con un sensor de alta velocidad, que proporciona un análisis completo de la superficie de una balanza.</p><p>El instrumento se ha utilizado para escanear toda la muestra, junto con un escaneo de mayor resolución de la zona central. También se midió la rugosidad de la superficie exterior e interior de la escala para compararlas.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>ST400</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400/">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Caracterización de superficies 3D y 2D de la escala exterior</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La vista en 3D y la vista en falso color de la escama externa muestran una estructura compleja similar a una huella digital o a los anillos de un árbol. Esto proporciona a los usuarios una herramienta sencilla para observar directamente la caracterización de la superficie de la escama desde diferentes ángulos. Se muestran otras mediciones de la escama externa junto con la comparación entre el lado externo e interno de la escama.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="519" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-False-Color.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10009" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="466" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-3D-View.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10010" alt="Perfilómetro de escaneo 3D con escala de pez" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="687" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10011" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Volume.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10014" alt="Perfilómetro 3D con escáner de escamas de pez" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="340" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Step-Height.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10015" alt="Perfilómetro óptico 3D con escáner de escamas de pez y altura escalonada" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>COMPARACIÓN DE LA RUGOSIDAD DE LA SUPERFICIE</span> <br style="font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: -webkit-auto;text-transform: none"></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometer-3D-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10017" alt="Perfilómetro de escamas de pez Escaneo 3D" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En esta aplicación, hemos mostrado cómo el perfilómetro óptico sin contacto NANOVEA 3D puede caracterizar una escama de pescado de diversas maneras. </p><p>Las superficies externa e interna de la escama se pueden distinguir fácilmente solo por la rugosidad de la superficie, con valores de rugosidad de 15,92 μm y 1,56 μm, respectivamente. Además, se puede obtener información precisa y exacta sobre una escama de pez analizando los surcos, o círculos, de la superficie externa de la escama. Se midió la distancia de las bandas de circuli desde el centro y se determinó que la altura media de los circuli era de aproximadamente 58 μm. </p><p>Los datos que se muestran aquí representan solo una parte de los cálculos disponibles en el software de análisis.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Tiene una aplicación similar?</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">HABLE AHORA CON UN EXPERTO</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/analisis-de-la-superficie-a-escala-de-peces-con-perfilador-optico-3d/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>Análisis Mecánico Dinámico (AMD) Barrido de frecuencias en polímeros</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/nanoindentacion-dma-barrido-de-frecuencia-en-polimero/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dynamic-mechanical-analysis-frequency-sweep-on-polymer</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/nanoindentacion-dma-barrido-de-frecuencia-en-polimero/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Fri, 13 Nov 2020 00:21:49 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Loss and Storage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9335</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>DMA FREQUENCY SWEEP ON POLYMER USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS FREQUENCY SWEEP TEST The changing frequency of the stress often leads to variations in the complex modulus, which is a critical mechanical property of polymers. For example, tires are subjected to cyclical high deformations when vehicles are [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/nanoindentacion-dma-barrido-de-frecuencia-en-polimero/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9335" class="elementor elementor-9335" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">BARRIDO DE FRECUENCIA DMA</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">SOBRE POLÍMEROS MEDIANTE NANOINDENTACIÓN</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="282" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/DMA-FREQUENCY-SWEEP-on-Polymer-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9336" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Doctor Duanjie Li</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTANCIA DEL ANÁLISIS MECÁNICO DINÁMICO PRUEBA DE BARRIDO DE FRECUENCIA</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La frecuencia cambiante de la tensión suele provocar variaciones en el módulo complejo, que es una propiedad mecánica fundamental de los polímeros. Por ejemplo, los neumáticos están sometidos a deformaciones cíclicas elevadas cuando los vehículos circulan por la carretera. La frecuencia de la presión y la deformación cambia a medida que el coche acelera a velocidades más altas. Este cambio puede provocar variaciones en las propiedades viscoelásticas del neumático, que son factores importantes en el rendimiento del coche. Se necesita una prueba fiable y repetible del comportamiento viscoelástico de los polímeros a diferentes frecuencias. El módulo Nano de NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">Comprobador mecánico </a>Genera una carga sinusoidal mediante un actuador piezoeléctrico de alta precisión y mide directamente la evolución de la fuerza y el desplazamiento utilizando una célula de carga ultrasensible y un condensador. La combinación de una fácil configuración y una alta precisión lo convierte en una herramienta ideal para el barrido de frecuencias del análisis mecánico dinámico.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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									<p>Los materiales viscoelásticos presentan características tanto viscosas como elásticas cuando se deforman. Las largas cadenas moleculares de los materiales poliméricos contribuyen a sus propiedades viscoelásticas únicas, es decir, una combinación de las características de los sólidos elásticos y los fluidos newtonianos. La tensión, la temperatura, la frecuencia y otros factores influyen en las propiedades viscoelásticas. El análisis mecánico dinámico, también conocido como DMA, estudia el comportamiento viscoelástico y el módulo complejo del material aplicando una tensión sinusoidal y midiendo el cambio de deformación.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>En esta aplicación, estudiamos las propiedades viscoelásticas de una muestra de neumático pulido a diferentes frecuencias DMA utilizando el probador mecánico más potente, NANOVEA PB1000, en <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">Nanoindentación</a> modo.</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>PB1000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9934" alt="nanoindentador y rayador Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONDICIONES DE ENSAYO</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">FRECUENCIAS (Hz):</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>0.1, 1.5, 10, 20</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TIEMPO DE DESPLAZAMIENTO EN CADA FRECUENCIA.</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">50 segundos</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VOLTAJE DE OSCILACIÓN</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">0,1 V</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">tipo de penetrador</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Diamante | 100 μm</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tire-Sample-Lab-Testing-DMA.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9339" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>RESULTADOS Y DEBATE</i></h2>				</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e182068 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e182068" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>El barrido de frecuencia del análisis mecánico dinámico a la carga máxima permite realizar una medición rápida y sencilla de las características viscoelásticas de la muestra a diferentes frecuencias de carga en una sola prueba. El desplazamiento de fase y las amplitudes de las ondas de carga y desplazamiento a diferentes frecuencias se pueden utilizar para calcular una variedad de propiedades viscoelásticas fundamentales del material, entre las que se incluyen: <i>Módulo de almacenamiento</i>, <i>Módulo de pérdida</i> y <i>Bronceado (δ)</i> tal y como se resume en los siguientes gráficos. </p><p>Las frecuencias de 1, 5, 10 y 20 Hz en este estudio corresponden a velocidades de aproximadamente 7, 33, 67 y 134 km por hora. A medida que la frecuencia de prueba aumenta de 0,1 a 20 Hz, se puede observar que tanto el módulo de almacenamiento como el módulo de pérdida aumentan progresivamente. Tan (δ) disminuye de ~0,27 a 0,18 a medida que la frecuencia aumenta de 0,1 a 1 Hz, y luego aumenta gradualmente hasta ~0,55 cuando se alcanza la frecuencia de 20 Hz. El barrido de frecuencia DMA permite medir las tendencias del módulo de almacenamiento, el módulo de pérdida y Tan (δ), que proporcionan información sobre el movimiento de los monómeros y la reticulación, así como sobre la transición vítrea de los polímeros. Al elevar la temperatura mediante una placa calefactora durante el barrido de frecuencia, se puede obtener una imagen más completa de la naturaleza del movimiento molecular en diferentes condiciones de prueba.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CARGA Y LA PROFUNDIDAD</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>DEL BARRIDO DE FRECUENCIA DMA COMPLETO</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="374" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-DMA-Frequency-Sweep.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9352" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>CARGA Y PROFUNDIDAD frente al TIEMPO A DIFERENTES FRECUENCIAS</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="794" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-vs-Time-at-DMA-Frequencies.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9353" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>MÓDULO DE ALMACENAMIENTO</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>A DIFERENTES FRECUENCIAS</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Storage-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9343" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>MÓDULO DE PÉRDIDA</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>A DIFERENTES FRECUENCIAS</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="868" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Loss-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9344" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>TAN (δ) </i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>A DIFERENTES FRECUENCIAS</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="644" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/TAN-δ-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9345" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En este estudio, mostramos la capacidad del probador mecánico NANOVEA para realizar la prueba de barrido de frecuencia del análisis mecánico dinámico en una muestra de neumático. Esta prueba mide las propiedades viscoelásticas del neumático a diferentes frecuencias de tensión. El neumático muestra un aumento del módulo de almacenamiento y pérdida a medida que la frecuencia de carga aumenta de 0,1 a 20 Hz. Proporciona información útil sobre el comportamiento viscoelástico del neumático cuando circula a diferentes velocidades, lo cual es esencial para mejorar el rendimiento de los neumáticos y lograr una conducción más suave y segura. La prueba de barrido de frecuencia DMA se puede realizar a diferentes temperaturas para imitar el entorno de trabajo real del neumático en diferentes condiciones climáticas.</p><p>En el módulo Nano del comprobador mecánico NANOVEA, la aplicación de carga con el piezo rápido es independiente de la medición de carga realizada por un medidor de tensión de alta sensibilidad independiente. Esto ofrece una ventaja clara durante el análisis mecánico dinámico, ya que la fase entre la profundidad y la carga se mide directamente a partir de los datos recopilados por el sensor. El cálculo de la fase es directo y no requiere modelos matemáticos que añaden imprecisión al módulo de pérdida y almacenamiento resultante. Este no es el caso de los sistemas basados en bobinas.</p><p>En conclusión, el DMA mide el módulo de pérdida y almacenamiento, el módulo complejo y Tan (δ) en función de la profundidad de contacto, el tiempo y la frecuencia. La etapa de calentamiento opcional permite determinar la temperatura de transición de fase de los materiales durante el DMA. Los probadores mecánicos NANOVEA ofrecen módulos nano y micro multifunción sin igual en una sola plataforma. Tanto el módulo nano como el micro incluyen modos de probador de rayado, probador de dureza y probador de desgaste, lo que proporciona la gama de pruebas más amplia y fácil de usar disponible en un solo módulo.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/nanoindentacion-dma-barrido-de-frecuencia-en-polimero/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Topografía de la lente Fresnel</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/lente-fresnel-topografia/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fresnel-lens-topography</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/lente-fresnel-topografia/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 17:47:43 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9253</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FRESNEL LENS TOPOGRAPHYUSING 3D NON-CONTACT OPTICAL PROFILOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li &#38; Benjamin Mell INTRODUCTION A lens is an optical device of axial symmetry that transmits and refracts light. A simple lens consists of a single optical component for converging or diverging the light. Even though spherical surfaces are not ideal shape for making a lens, they [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/lente-fresnel-topografia/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9253" class="elementor elementor-9253" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<h1 style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 60px; color: #1b96cf; display: block;">TOPOGRAFÍA DE LENTES FRESNEL</span><span style="font-size: 32px; color: #000;">USO </span><span style="font-size: 32px;">3D </span><span style="font-size: 32px; font-family: inherit;">PERFILÓMETRO ÓPTICO SIN CONTACTO</span></h1>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Inspection-Lighthouse.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9254" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li y Benjamin Mell</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">Una lente es un dispositivo óptico de simetría axial que transmite y refracta la luz. Una lente simple consta de un único componente óptico para converger o divergir la luz. Aunque las superficies esféricas no son la forma ideal para fabricar una lente, a menudo se utilizan como la forma más sencilla a la que se puede moler y pulir el vidrio.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Una lente Fresnel está formada por una serie de anillos concéntricos, que son partes delgadas de una lente simple con un ancho de tan solo unas milésimas de pulgada. Las lentes Fresnel tienen una gran apertura y una distancia focal corta, con un diseño compacto que reduce el peso y el volumen del material necesario, en comparación con las lentes convencionales con las mismas propiedades ópticas. Se pierde una cantidad muy pequeña de luz por absorción debido a la delgada geometría de la lente Fresnel.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTANCIA DE LA PERFILOMETRÍA 3D SIN CONTACTO PARA LA INSPECCIÓN DE LENTES DE FRESNEL</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Las lentes Fresnel se emplean ampliamente en la industria automotriz, los faros, la energía solar y los sistemas ópticos de aterrizaje para portaaviones. El moldeado o estampado de las lentes a partir de plásticos transparentes puede hacer que su producción sea rentable. La calidad del servicio de las lentes Fresnel depende en gran medida de la precisión y la calidad de la superficie de su anillo concéntrico. A diferencia de la técnica de sonda táctil, NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Perfiladores ópticos</a> Realiza mediciones de superficies en 3D sin tocar la superficie, evitando el riesgo de producir nuevos rayones. La técnica Chromatic Light es ideal para el escaneo preciso de formas complejas, como lentes de diferentes geometrías.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ESQUEMA DE LA LENTE DE FRESNEL</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="423" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Schematic-Technical-Drawing.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9263" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Las lentes Fresnel de plástico transparente se pueden fabricar mediante moldeado o estampado. Un control de calidad preciso y eficiente es fundamental para detectar moldes o estampados defectuosos. Mediante la medición de la altura y el paso de los anillos concéntricos, se pueden detectar variaciones en la producción comparando los valores medidos con los valores especificados por el fabricante de la lente.</p><p>La medición precisa del perfil de la lente garantiza que los moldes o troqueles se mecanicen correctamente para ajustarse a las especificaciones del fabricante. Además, el troquel podría desgastarse progresivamente con el tiempo, lo que provocaría que perdiera su forma inicial. Una desviación constante con respecto a las especificaciones del fabricante de la lente es un indicio claro de que es necesario sustituir el molde.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En esta aplicación, presentamos el NANOVEA ST400, un perfilador 3D sin contacto con un sensor de alta velocidad, que proporciona un análisis completo del perfil 3D de un componente óptico de forma compleja. Para demostrar las extraordinarias capacidades de nuestra tecnología Chromatic Light, se realiza un análisis del contorno de una lente Fresnel.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">ST400 Gran superficie</span><br />Perfilómetro óptico 3D</p>								</div>
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							<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/3D-Surface-Profilometer-NANOVEA-ST400.png" title="" alt="Perfilómetro de superficie sin contacto NANOVEA 3D" class="elementor-animation-grow" loading="lazy" />								</a>
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									<p><i>La lente Fresnel acrílica de 2,3” x 2,3” utilizada para este estudio consta de </i></p><p><i>una serie de anillos concéntricos y un perfil transversal dentado complejo. </i></p><p><i>Tiene una distancia focal de 1,5 pulgadas y un diámetro efectivo de 2,0 pulgadas., </i></p><p><i>125 estrías por pulgada y un índice de refracción de 1,49.</i></p>								</div>
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									<p><em>El escaneo NANOVEA ST400 de la lente Fresnel muestra un notable aumento en la altura de los anillos concéntricos, que se desplazan hacia afuera desde el centro.</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="639" height="541" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Scan-Evaluation-Quality-Control.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9271" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">FALSO COLOR 2D</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>Representación de la altura</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="797" height="564" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-3D-Scan-Profilometer-Topography.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9272" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VISTA EN 3D</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0e9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d5d0e9e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>PERFIL EXTRAÍDO</i></b></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="297" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-QC-Extracted-Profiler.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9273" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>MÁXIMO Y MÍNIMO </i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b4bf21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6b4bf21" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>Análisis dimensional del perfil</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="464" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Dimensional-Analysis-of-the-Profile.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9274" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En esta aplicación, hemos demostrado que el perfilómetro óptico sin contacto NANOVEA ST400 mide con precisión la topografía superficial de las lentes Fresnel. </p><p>La dimensión de la altura y el paso se pueden determinar con precisión a partir del complejo perfil dentado utilizando el software de análisis NANOVEA. Los usuarios pueden inspeccionar eficazmente la calidad de los moldes o troqueles de producción comparando las dimensiones de la altura y el paso del anillo de las lentes fabricadas con las especificaciones ideales del anillo.</p><p>Los datos que se muestran aquí representan solo una parte de los cálculos disponibles en el software de análisis. </p><p>Los perfilómetros ópticos NANOVEA miden prácticamente cualquier superficie en campos como los semiconductores, la microelectrónica, la energía solar, la fibra óptica, la automoción, la industria aeroespacial, la metalurgia, el mecanizado, los recubrimientos, la industria farmacéutica, la biomedicina, el medio ambiente y muchos otros.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/lente-fresnel-topografia/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<item>
		<title>Inspección de piezas mecanizadas</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/inspeccion-de-piezas-mecanizadas-2/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=machined-parts-inspection</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/inspeccion-de-piezas-mecanizadas-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 21:17:54 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9130</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/inspeccion-de-piezas-mecanizadas-2/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9130" class="elementor elementor-9130" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PIEZAS MECANIZADAS</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Inspección a partir de un modelo CAD mediante perfilometría 3D.</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Autor:</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Doctor Duanjie Li</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Revisado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Jocelyn Esparza</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machined-Parts-Inspection.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9131" alt="Inspección de piezas mecanizadas con un perfilómetro" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La demanda de mecanizados de precisión capaces de crear geometrías complejas ha ido en aumento en una amplia gama de industrias. Desde la industria aeroespacial, médica y automotriz, hasta los engranajes tecnológicos, la maquinaria y los instrumentos musicales, la innovación y la evolución continuas elevan las expectativas y los estándares de precisión a nuevas cotas. En consecuencia, asistimos al aumento de la demanda de técnicas e instrumentos de inspección rigurosos para garantizar la máxima calidad de los productos.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Importancia de la perfilometría 3D sin contacto para la inspección de piezas</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Comparar las propiedades de las piezas mecanizadas con sus modelos CAD es esencial para verificar las tolerancias y el cumplimiento de las normas de producción. La inspección durante el tiempo de servicio también es crucial, ya que el desgaste de las piezas puede requerir su sustitución. La identificación oportuna de cualquier desviación de las especificaciones requeridas ayudará a evitar costosas reparaciones, paradas de producción y daños a la reputación.</p><p>A diferencia de la técnica de sonda táctil, el NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Perfiladores ópticos</a> Realiza escaneos de superficies en 3D sin contacto, lo que permite realizar mediciones rápidas, precisas y no destructivas de formas complejas con la máxima precisión.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</p>								</div>
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									<p>En esta aplicación, presentamos el NANOVEA HS2000, un perfilómetro 3D sin contacto con un sensor de alta velocidad, que realiza una inspección exhaustiva de la superficie en cuanto a dimensiones, radio y rugosidad. </p><p>Todo en menos de 40 segundos.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>HS2000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/hs2000/">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">MODELO CAD</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Una medición precisa de las dimensiones y la rugosidad superficial de la pieza mecanizada es fundamental para garantizar que cumple con las especificaciones, tolerancias y acabados superficiales deseados. A continuación se presentan el modelo 3D y el dibujo técnico de la pieza que se va a inspeccionar.&nbsp;</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Quality-Control.png" title="" alt="" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VISTA EN FALSO COLOR</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En la FIGURA 3 se comparan la vista en falso color del modelo CAD y la superficie escaneada de la pieza mecanizada. La variación de altura en la superficie de la muestra se puede observar por el cambio de color.</p><p>Se extraen tres perfiles 2D del escaneo de superficie 3D, tal y como se indica en la FIGURA 2, para verificar aún más la tolerancia dimensional de la pieza mecanizada.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="973" height="1024" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Profilometry.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9137" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">COMPARACIÓN DE PERFILES Y RESULTADOS</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Los perfiles 1 a 3 se muestran en las FIGURAS 3 a 5. La inspección cuantitativa de la tolerancia se lleva a cabo comparando el perfil medido con el modelo CAD para mantener unos rigurosos estándares de fabricación. Los perfiles 1 y 2 miden el radio de diferentes áreas de la pieza mecanizada curvada. La variación de altura del perfil 2 es de 30 µm en una longitud de 156 mm, lo que cumple con el requisito de tolerancia deseado de ±125 µm. </p><p>Al establecer un valor límite de tolerancia, el software de análisis puede determinar automáticamente si la pieza mecanizada es apta o no.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1651" height="767" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9138" alt="Inspección de piezas de máquinas con un perfilómetro" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="262" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-2.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9139" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>La rugosidad y la uniformidad de la superficie de la pieza mecanizada desempeñan un papel importante a la hora de garantizar su calidad y funcionalidad. La FIGURA 6 es un área superficial extraída del escaneo original de la pieza mecanizada que se utilizó para cuantificar el acabado superficial. Se calculó que la rugosidad superficial media (Sa) era de 2,31 µm.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="313" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-3.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9140" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En este estudio, hemos mostrado cómo el perfilómetro sin contacto NANOVEA HS2000, equipado con un sensor de alta velocidad, realiza una inspección exhaustiva de la superficie en cuanto a dimensiones y rugosidad. </p><p>Los escaneos de alta resolución permiten a los usuarios medir la morfología detallada y las características superficiales de las piezas mecanizadas y compararlas cuantitativamente con sus modelos CAD. El instrumento también es capaz de detectar cualquier defecto, incluyendo rayones y grietas. </p><p>El análisis avanzado de contornos es una herramienta sin igual, no solo para determinar si las piezas mecanizadas cumplen con las especificaciones establecidas, sino también para evaluar los mecanismos de falla de los componentes desgastados.</p><p>Los datos que se muestran aquí representan solo una parte de los cálculos que se pueden realizar con el software de análisis avanzado que viene incluido con cada perfilómetro óptico NANOVEA.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">¿Tiene una aplicación similar?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/inspeccion-de-piezas-mecanizadas-2/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Evaluación del desgaste por rozamiento</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/evaluacion-del-desgaste-de-los-trastes/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fretting-wear-evaluation</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/evaluacion-del-desgaste-de-los-trastes/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 18:07:09 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9053</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/evaluacion-del-desgaste-de-los-trastes/">Fretting Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9053" class="elementor elementor-9053" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">EVALUACIÓN DEL DESGASTE POR ROZAMIENTO</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="236" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Evaluation-in-Aviation.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9055" alt="Evaluación del desgaste por rozamiento en la aviación" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Autor:</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Doctor Duanjie Li</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Revisado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Jocelyn Esparza</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="345" height="613" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Evaluation-in-Mining-and-Metallurgy.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9056" alt="Evaluación del desgaste por rozamiento en minería y metalurgia" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCCIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>El rozamiento es "un proceso especial de desgaste que se produce en la zona de contacto entre dos materiales sometidos a carga y sometidos a un movimiento relativo mínimo por vibración u otra fuerza". Cuando las máquinas están en funcionamiento, se producen inevitablemente vibraciones en las uniones atornilladas o con pasadores, entre componentes que no están destinados a moverse y en acoplamientos y cojinetes oscilantes. La amplitud de este movimiento de deslizamiento relativo suele ser del orden de micrómetros a milímetros. Este movimiento repetitivo de baja amplitud provoca un grave desgaste mecánico localizado y transferencia de material en la superficie, lo que puede reducir la eficacia de la producción, el rendimiento de la máquina o incluso dañarla.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Importancia de lo cuantitativo <br>Evaluación del desgaste por rozamiento</h2>				</div>
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									<p>El desgaste por frotamiento a menudo implica varios mecanismos de desgaste complejos que tienen lugar en la superficie de contacto, incluida la abrasión de dos cuerpos, la adhesión y/o el desgaste por fatiga por frotamiento. Con el fin de comprender el mecanismo de desgaste por frotamiento y seleccionar el mejor material para la protección contra el desgaste por frotamiento, es necesaria una evaluación fiable y cuantitativa del desgaste por frotamiento. El comportamiento del desgaste por frotamiento se ve influido significativamente por el entorno de trabajo, como la amplitud de desplazamiento, la carga normal, la corrosión, la temperatura, la humedad y la lubricación. Un método versátil <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">tribómetro </a>que puedan simular las diferentes condiciones de trabajo realistas serán ideales para la evaluación del desgaste por rozamiento.</p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Steven R. Lampman, Manual ASM: Volumen 19: Fatiga y fractura</span><br /><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">http://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/693/fretting-wear</span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-abc641f elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="abc641f" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</p>								</div>
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									<p>En este estudio, evaluamos los comportamientos de desgaste por rozamiento de una muestra de acero inoxidable SS304 a diferentes velocidades de oscilación y temperaturas para mostrar la capacidad de <strong>NANOVEA T50</strong> Tribómetro en la simulación del proceso de desgaste por frotamiento del metal de forma bien controlada y supervisada.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t2000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="705" height="695" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Robust-Tribometer-Nanovea-T50.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9876" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONDICIONES DE ENSAYO</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La resistencia al desgaste por frotamiento de una muestra de acero inoxidable SS304 se evaluó mediante <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> Tribómetro utilizando un módulo de desgaste alternativo lineal. Se utilizó una bola de WC (6 mm de diámetro) como contramaterial. La pista de desgaste se examinó utilizando un <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> Perfilómetro 3D sin contacto.&nbsp;</p>
<p>La prueba de rozamiento se realizó a temperatura ambiente (TA) y a 200&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C para estudiar el efecto de la alta temperatura en la resistencia al desgaste por frotamiento de la muestra SS304. Una placa calefactora situada en la platina de la muestra calentó la muestra durante el ensayo de desgaste por fricción a 200&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C. La tasa de desgaste, <b>K</b>se evaluó mediante la fórmula <b>K=V/(F×s)</b>donde <b>V</b> es el volumen desgastado, <b>F</b> es la carga normal, y <b>s</b> es la distancia de deslizamiento.</p>
<p>Tenga en cuenta que en este estudio se ha utilizado como ejemplo una bola de WC como contramaterial. Puede aplicarse cualquier material sólido con diferentes formas y acabados superficiales utilizando un accesorio personalizado para simular la situación de aplicación real.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PARÁMETROS DE PRUEBA</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">de las mediciones de desgaste</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="233" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Test-Parameters-Fretting-Wear.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9058" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">RESULTADOS Y DEBATE</h2>				</div>
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									<p>El perfil 3D de la huella de desgaste permite determinar de forma directa y precisa la pérdida de volumen de la huella de desgaste calculada por el <i><b>NANOVEA</b></i> Software de análisis de montañas. </p><p>La prueba de desgaste alternativo a baja velocidad de 100 rpm y temperatura ambiente muestra una pequeña huella de desgaste de 0,014 mm.<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>. En comparación, la prueba de desgaste por frotamiento realizada a una velocidad elevada de 1.000 rpm crea una huella de desgaste sustancialmente mayor, con un volumen de 0,12 mm.<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>. Este proceso de desgaste acelerado puede atribuirse al elevado calor y a la intensa vibración generados durante el ensayo de desgaste por frotamiento, que favorecen la oxidación de los restos metálicos y provocan una abrasión severa de tres cuerpos. El ensayo de desgaste por frotamiento a una temperatura elevada de 200 <span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C forma una huella de desgaste mayor de 0,27 mm<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>.</p><p>La prueba de desgaste por rozamiento a 1000 rpm tiene una tasa de desgaste de 1,5×10<sup>-4</sup> mm<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>/Nm, que es casi nueve veces superior a la del ensayo de desgaste alternativo a 100 rpm. La prueba de desgaste por rozamiento a temperatura elevada acelera aún más la tasa de desgaste hasta 3,4×10<sup>-4</sup> mm<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>/Nm. Una diferencia tan significativa en la resistencia al desgaste medida a diferentes velocidades y temperaturas muestra la importancia de simulaciones adecuadas del desgaste por rozamiento para aplicaciones realistas.</p><p>El comportamiento del desgaste puede cambiar drásticamente cuando se introducen en el tribosistema pequeños cambios en las condiciones de ensayo. La versatilidad del <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> El tribómetro permite medir el desgaste en diversas condiciones, como alta temperatura, lubricación, corrosión y otras. El control preciso de la velocidad y la posición mediante el motor avanzado permite a los usuarios realizar la prueba de desgaste a velocidades que oscilan entre 0,001 y 5000 rpm, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta ideal para que los laboratorios de investigación/pruebas investiguen el desgaste por rozamiento en diferentes condiciones tribológicas.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pistas de desgaste por rozamiento en diversas condiciones</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">bajo el microscopio óptico</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="435" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Tracks-at-Various-Conditions-10.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9059" alt="Huellas de desgaste por rozamiento en diversas condiciones bajo el microscopio óptico" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PERFILES 3D WEAR TRACKs</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b>profundizar en los conocimientos fundamentales<br>del mecanismo de desgaste por rozamiento</b></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">RESUMEN DE RESULTADOS DE LAS PISTAS DE DESGASTE</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="311" height="612" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-in-Wind-Turbines.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9064" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSIÓN</h2>				</div>
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									<p>En este estudio, mostramos la capacidad del <b><i>NANOVEA </i></b>Tribometer en la evaluación del comportamiento de desgaste por rozamiento de una muestra de acero inoxidable SS304 de forma bien controlada y cuantitativa.&nbsp;</p>
<p>La velocidad y la temperatura de ensayo desempeñan un papel fundamental en la resistencia al desgaste por frotamiento de los materiales. El elevado calor y la intensa vibración durante el fretado provocaron un desgaste sustancialmente acelerado de la muestra de SS304 en cerca de nueve veces. La elevada temperatura de 200&nbsp;<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C aumentó la tasa de desgaste a 3,4×10<sup>-4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm.&nbsp;</p><p>La versatilidad del <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> El tribómetro lo convierte en una herramienta ideal para medir el desgaste por rozamiento en diversas condiciones, como alta temperatura, lubricación, corrosión y otras.</p>
<p><b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> Los tribómetros ofrecen pruebas de desgaste y fricción precisas y repetibles mediante modos rotativos y lineales conformes con las normas ISO y ASTM, con módulos opcionales de desgaste a alta temperatura, lubricación y tribo-corrosión disponibles en un sistema preintegrado. Nuestra incomparable gama es una solución ideal para determinar toda la gama de propiedades tribológicas de revestimientos, películas y sustratos finos o gruesos, blandos o duros.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/evaluacion-del-desgaste-de-los-trastes/">Fretting Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Rodamientos de Bolas: Estudio de Resistencia al Desgaste por Fuerzas Elevadas</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/es/resistencia-al-desgaste-de-los-rodamientos-de-bolas-mediante-la-macrotribologia/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=ball-bearing-wear-resistance-using-macro-tribology</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/es/resistencia-al-desgaste-de-los-rodamientos-de-bolas-mediante-la-macrotribologia/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 01 Jul 2020 18:59:15 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=8534</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>INTRODUCTION A ball bearing uses balls to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. The rolling balls between the bearing races produce much lower coefficient of friction (COF) compared to two flat surfaces sliding against each other. Ball bearings are often exposed to high contact stress levels, wear and extreme environmental conditions such [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/resistencia-al-desgaste-de-los-rodamientos-de-bolas-mediante-la-macrotribologia/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://nanovea.com/App-Notes/Ball-Bearings-High-Force-Wear-Resistance-Study.pdf&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><br />
<img decoding="async" class="alignright" style="width: 200px;" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/DOWNLOAD-PDF-BUTTON-A-s.png" /><br />
</a></p>
<h2><em><strong>INTRODUCCIÓN</strong></em></h2>
<p>Un rodamiento de bolas utiliza bolas para reducir la fricción rotacional y soportar cargas radiales y axiales. Las bolas que ruedan entre las pistas del rodamiento producen un coeficiente de fricción (COF) mucho menor en comparación con dos superficies planas que se deslizan una contra otra. Los rodamientos de bolas suelen estar expuestos a elevados niveles de tensión de contacto, desgaste y condiciones ambientales extremas, como altas temperaturas. Por lo tanto, la resistencia al desgaste de las bolas bajo cargas elevadas y condiciones ambientales extremas es fundamental para prolongar la vida útil del rodamiento de bolas y reducir el coste y el tiempo de las reparaciones y sustituciones.<br />
Los rodamientos de bolas se encuentran en casi todas las aplicaciones que implican piezas móviles. Se utilizan habitualmente en industrias de transporte como la aeroespacial y la automovilística, así como en la industria del juguete, que fabrica artículos como fidget spinner y monopatines.</p>
<h2><em><strong>EVALUACIÓN DEL DESGASTE DE LOS RODAMIENTOS DE BOLAS CON CARGAS ELEVADAS</strong></em></h2>
<p>Los rodamientos de bolas pueden fabricarse con una amplia lista de materiales. Los materiales más utilizados oscilan entre metales como el acero inoxidable y el acero al cromo o cerámicas como el carburo de wolframio (WC) y el nitruro de silicio (Si3n4). Para garantizar que los rodamientos de bolas fabricados poseen la resistencia al desgaste ideal para las condiciones de una aplicación determinada, es necesario realizar evaluaciones tribológicas fiables bajo cargas elevadas. Los ensayos tribológicos ayudan a cuantificar y contrastar los comportamientos de desgaste de diferentes rodamientos de bolas de forma controlada y monitorizada para seleccionar el mejor candidato para la aplicación prevista.</p>
<h2><em><strong>OBJETIVO DE MEDICIÓN</strong></em></h2>
<p>En este estudio, mostramos una Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">Tribómetro</a> como herramienta ideal para comparar la resistencia al desgaste de distintos rodamientos de bolas sometidos a cargas elevadas.<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg" alt="" width="877" height="617" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Figura 1: Montaje de la prueba de rodamientos.</em></h6>
<h2><em><strong>PROCEDIMIENTO DE PRUEBA</strong></em></h2>
<p>El coeficiente de fricción, COF, y la resistencia al desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas fabricados con diferentes materiales se evaluaron mediante un tribómetro Nanovea. Como contramaterial se utilizó papel de lija de grano P100. Las cicatrices de desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas se examinaron utilizando un <strong>Nanovea</strong> Perfilador 3D sin contacto una vez concluidas las pruebas de desgaste. Los parámetros de las pruebas se resumen en la Tabla 1. La tasa de desgaste, <strong>K</strong>se evaluó mediante la fórmula <strong>K=V/(F×s)</strong>donde <strong>V </strong>es el volumen desgastado, <strong>F</strong> es la carga normal y <strong>s</strong> es la distancia de deslizamiento. Las cicatrices de desgaste de las bolas se evaluaron mediante un <strong>Nanovea</strong> Perfilador 3D sin contacto para garantizar una medición precisa del volumen de desgaste.<br />
La función automatizada de posicionamiento radial motorizado permite al tribómetro disminuir el radio de la pista de desgaste durante la duración de una prueba. Este modo de ensayo se denomina ensayo en espiral y garantiza que el rodamiento de bolas se deslice siempre sobre una nueva superficie del papel de lija (figura 2). Mejora significativamente la repetibilidad de la prueba de resistencia al desgaste de la bola. El avanzado codificador de 20 bits para el control interno de la velocidad y el codificador de 16 bits para el control externo de la posición proporcionan información precisa en tiempo real sobre la velocidad y la posición, lo que permite un ajuste continuo de la velocidad de rotación para lograr una velocidad de deslizamiento lineal constante en el contacto.<br />
Tenga en cuenta que el papel de lija de grano P100 se utilizó para simplificar el comportamiento de desgaste entre varios materiales de bolas en este estudio y puede sustituirse por cualquier otra superficie de material. Se puede sustituir por cualquier material sólido para simular el comportamiento de una amplia gama de acoplamientos de materiales en condiciones de aplicación reales, como en líquido o lubricante.<br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-12.png" alt="" width="293" height="280" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Figura 2: Ilustración de las pasadas en espiral del rodamiento de bolas sobre el papel de lija.</em></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png" alt="" width="334" height="221" /></a></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Tabla 1: Parámetros de ensayo de las mediciones de desgaste.</em></h6>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><em><strong>RESULTADOS Y DEBATE</strong></em></h2>
<p>La tasa de desgaste es un factor vital para determinar la vida útil del rodamiento de bolas, mientras que un COF bajo es deseable para mejorar el rendimiento y la eficiencia del rodamiento. La figura 3 compara la evolución del COF de diferentes rodamientos de bolas frente al papel de lija durante las pruebas. La bola de acero al Cr muestra un aumento del COF de ~0,4 durante la prueba de desgaste, en comparación con ~0,32 y ~0,28 para los rodamientos de bolas SS440 y Al2O3. Por otro lado, la bola de WC muestra un COF constante de ~0,2 durante toda la prueba de desgaste. Se puede observar una variación del COF a lo largo de cada prueba, que se atribuye a las vibraciones causadas por el movimiento de deslizamiento de los cojinetes de bolas contra la superficie rugosa del papel de lija.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png" alt="" width="1078" height="853" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Figura 3: Evolución del COF durante las pruebas de desgaste.</em></h6>
<p>En la Figura 4 y la Figura 5 se comparan las cicatrices de desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas tras su medición con un microscopio óptico y con el perfilador óptico sin contacto Nanovea, respectivamente, y en la Tabla 2 se resumen los resultados del análisis de la huella de desgaste. El perfilómetro 3D Nanovea determina con precisión el volumen de desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas, lo que permite calcular y comparar las tasas de desgaste de diferentes rodamientos de bolas. Se puede observar que las bolas de acero al Cr y SS440 presentan cicatrices de desgaste aplanadas mucho más grandes en comparación con las bolas de cerámica, es decir, Al2O3 y WC después de las pruebas de desgaste. Las bolas de acero al Cr y SS440 tienen índices de desgaste comparables de 3,7×10-3 y 3,2×10-3 m3/N m, respectivamente. En comparación, la bola de Al2O3 muestra una mayor resistencia al desgaste, con una tasa de desgaste de 7,2×10-4 m3/N m. La bola de WC apenas presenta rasguños menores en la zona poco profunda de la pista de desgaste, lo que da como resultado una tasa de desgaste significativamente reducida de 3,3×10-6 mm3/N m.<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg" alt="" width="1068" height="896" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><i>Figura 4: Cicatrices de desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas tras las pruebas.</i></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="974" height="717" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Figura 5: Morfología 3D de las cicatrices de desgaste en los rodamientos de bolas.</em></h6>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-17.png" alt="" width="346" height="157" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Tabla 2: Análisis de las cicatrices de desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas.</em></h6>
<p>La figura 6 muestra imágenes microscópicas de las huellas de desgaste producidas en el papel de lija por los cuatro rodamientos de bolas. Es evidente que la bola de WC produjo la huella de desgaste más severa (eliminando casi todas las partículas de arena en su camino) y posee la mejor resistencia al desgaste. En comparación, las bolas de acero al Cr y SS440 dejaron una gran cantidad de restos metálicos en la huella de desgaste del papel de lija.<br />
Estas observaciones demuestran aún más la importancia de las ventajas de una prueba en espiral. Garantiza que el rodamiento de bolas se deslice siempre sobre una nueva superficie del papel de lija, lo que mejora significativamente la repetibilidad de una prueba de resistencia al desgaste.<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="995" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>Figura 6: Huellas de desgaste en el papel de lija contra diferentes rodamientos de bolas.</em></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="792" /></a></p>
<h2><em><strong>CONCLUSIÓN</strong></em></h2>
<p>La resistencia al desgaste de los rodamientos de bolas sometidos a alta presión desempeña un papel vital en su rendimiento de servicio. Los rodamientos de bolas cerámicas poseen una resistencia al desgaste significativamente mayor en condiciones de alta tensión y reducen el tiempo y el coste debidos a la reparación o sustitución de los rodamientos. En este estudio, el rodamiento de bolas de WC presenta una resistencia al desgaste sustancialmente mayor en comparación con los rodamientos de acero, lo que lo convierte en un candidato ideal para aplicaciones de rodamientos en las que se produce un desgaste severo.<br />
El tribómetro Nanovea está diseñado con capacidad de alto par para cargas de hasta 2.000 N y motor preciso y controlado para velocidades de rotación de 0,01 a 15.000 rpm. Ofrece pruebas repetibles de desgaste y fricción mediante modos rotativos y lineales conformes a las normas ISO y ASTM, con módulos opcionales de desgaste y lubricación a alta temperatura disponibles en un sistema preintegrado. Esta gama inigualable permite a los usuarios simular diferentes entornos de trabajo severos de los rodamientos de bolas, incluyendo alta tensión, desgaste y alta temperatura, etc. También actúa como una herramienta ideal para evaluar cuantitativamente los comportamientos tribológicos de materiales superiores resistentes al desgaste bajo cargas elevadas.<br />
Un perfilador 3D sin contacto Nanovea proporciona mediciones precisas del volumen de desgaste y actúa como una herramienta para analizar la morfología detallada de las huellas de desgaste, proporcionando información adicional en la comprensión fundamental de los mecanismos de desgaste.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Preparado por<br />
Duanjie Li, PhD, Jonathan Thomas y Pierre Leroux</p><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/es/resistencia-al-desgaste-de-los-rodamientos-de-bolas-mediante-la-macrotribologia/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/es">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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