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	<title>安德鲁·肖尔，NANOVEA公司作者：先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损测试仪、纳米压痕仪及划痕测试仪，专为材料测试而生——</title>
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	<description>用于材料研究和质量控制的计量仪器</description>
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	<title>安德鲁·肖尔，NANOVEA公司作者：先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损测试仪、纳米压痕仪及划痕测试仪，专为材料测试而生——</title>
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		<title>Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:57:16 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Stent Coating Adhesion Testing Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents Request Coating Adhesion Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Blood is carried through arteries from [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents</h2>				</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-nano-scratch-critical-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26273" alt="stent coating adhesion testing nano scratch delamination critical load" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">安德鲁-肖尔</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">Blood is carried through arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Any weakening or blockage of these vessels can pose significant health risks and may become life-threatening. A stent is a small mesh tube inserted into the lumen of a blood vessel to treat narrowed or weakened arteries. Stent implantation is now a widely used procedure to support the arterial wall and restore blood flowᶦ.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1200" height="320" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/medical-stent-mesh-structure-metal-stent-geometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26304" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Metal stent mesh geometry illustrating the structural complexity of vascular implant design.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why coating adhesion matters in drug-eluting stents</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in stent technology. They incorporate a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer coating that enables controlled drug release at the arterial site, helping to inhibit intimal thickening and reduce the risk of restenosisᶦᶦ.</p><p data-start="1056" data-end="1284">A critical concern in these systems is the delamination of the polymer coating from the metallic stent substrate. This coating carries the drug-eluting layer, and its adhesion directly impacts device performance and reliability.</p><p data-start="1286" data-end="1537">To improve coating adhesion, stents are often designed with complex geometries. In this study, the polymer coating is located at the bottom of grooves within the stent mesh. This configuration presents a significant challenge for adhesion measurement.</p><p data-start="1539" data-end="1795">A reliable method is required to quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength between the polymer coating and the metal substrate. The small diameter of the stent mesh, comparable to a human hair, combined with its three-dimensional geometry, requires:</p><ul data-start="1796" data-end="1916"><li data-section-id="1n0qc6y" data-start="1796" data-end="1834">ultrafine X-Y positioning accuracy</li><li data-section-id="1003zy" data-start="1835" data-end="1870">precise control of applied load</li><li data-section-id="q3r43w" data-start="1871" data-end="1916">accurate depth measurement during testing</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> 了解更多 <a href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/">nanoindentation and scratch testing lab services for coating adhesion and failure analysis</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="267" data-end="454">Nano scratch testing is performed using the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">纳诺维亚 PB1000 机械测试仪</a>, in Nano Scratch Mode, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal mesh of stent samples.</p><p data-start="460" data-end="648">Controlled scratch measurements are carried out on stent geometries with dimensions comparable to a human hair, enabling precise evaluation of coating adhesion on complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 Advanced</span></p><p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">机械测试仪</p>								</div>
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							<img decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanoindenter-scratch-tester-platform-nanovea-pb1000.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25767" alt="纳米压头和划痕测试仪平台 NANOVEA PB1000，带纳米和微型压头模块" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试条件</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The stent is fixed on the sample stage, with a support wire inserted inside the stent tube to ensure stability during nano scratch testing. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester is used to perform nano scratch measurements using the parameters summarized in Table 1, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Load type</td><td>渐进的</td></tr><tr><td>Initial load</td><td>0.05 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Final load</td><td>300 and 100 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding speed</td><td>0.5 mm/min</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding distance</td><td>0.5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter geometry</td><td>锥形</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter material (tip)</td><td>钻石</td></tr><tr><td>压头尖端半径</td><td>20 µm</td></tr><tr><td>温度</td><td>24°C (room)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表1: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on regular stent samples</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1073" data-end="1296">The SEM image in Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of the stent sample. The stent features a groove with a depth of approximately 30 µm. The polymer coating, with a thickness of 10.8 µm, is located at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="1298" data-end="1497">Standard 60° conical diamond tips are not sharp enough to reach the bottom of the groove without contacting the sidewalls. Therefore, a sharper 40° conical diamond tip is used in this study (Fig. 2).</p><p data-start="1499" data-end="1582">Nano scratch measurements are performed using the parameters summarized in Table 2.</p>								</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
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<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td>Load type</td>
<td>渐进的</td>
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<tr>
<td>Initial load</td>
<td>0.1 mN</td>
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<tr>
<td>Final load</td>
<td>300 mN</td>
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<tr>
<td>装载率</td>
<td>300 mN/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch length</td>
<td>0.25 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch speed</td>
<td>0.25 mm/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter geometry</td>
<td>40° cone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter material (tip)</td>
<td>钻石</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>压头尖端半径</td>
<td>5 µm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Table 2: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on grooved stent samples</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="932" height="1042" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-cross-section-sem-adhesion-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26288" alt="stent groove cross section polymer coating thickness adhesion analysis nano scratch testing" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 1: </span>SEM cross-section of a grooved stent showing polymer coating located at the bottom of the groove, highlighting the challenge of coating adhesion measurement in recessed geometries.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-diamond-tip-40-degree-stent-groove-testing.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26289" alt="nano scratch diamond tip 40 degree stent groove coating adhesion testing schematic" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 2: </span>Schematic of a 40° conical diamond tip designed for nano scratch testing inside stent grooves, enabling accurate adhesion measurement without sidewall interference.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果和讨论</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 100 μm, comparable to a human hair. Precise positioning is therefore critical to ensure the scratch test is performed at the center of the stent mesh. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester provides X–Y positioning accuracy down to 0.25 μm, enabling accurate test placement under the integrated optical microscope.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="641" data-end="857">Nano scratch testing is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch track on the stent is shown in Fig. 3a, while failure behavior at different stages is presented in Fig. 3b and 3c.</p><p data-start="859" data-end="893">Two critical loads are identified:</p><ul data-start="894" data-end="1061"><li data-section-id="14iz9qw" data-start="894" data-end="972">Lc1: the load at which the first visible damage appears on the coating</li><li data-section-id="1mmzt6b" data-start="973" data-end="1061">Lc2: the load at which the coating is fully removed and the substrate is exposed</li></ul><p data-start="1063" data-end="1226">The evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth is shown in Fig. 4, providing insight into the progression of coating failure during the test.</p><p data-start="1228" data-end="1499">The first signs of coating damage appear at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN. As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a wider and deeper scratch track. During this phase, the COF increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.7.</p><p data-start="1501" data-end="1756">At Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN, the coating is fully delaminated from the metal substrate. Beyond this point, as the load continues to increase, both COF and penetration depth remain relatively stable due to the mechanical support of the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3399 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="23d3399" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="404" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-nano-scratch-track-full-progressive-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26293" alt="nano scratch track stent coating progressive load adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Full Scratch Track</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7016a63 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7016a63" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-initial-failure-lc1-nano-scratch-14-5mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26294" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) <strong data-start="599" data-end="616">Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-lc2-nano-scratch-78-1mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26295" alt="stent coating delamination lc2 nano scratch 78.1 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) <strong data-start="625" data-end="642">Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 3: </span>Nano scratch track on a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing (a) full scratch path, (b) initial coating failure at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN, and (c) complete coating delamination at Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9cfe8c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c9cfe8c" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1751" height="725" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-stent-coating-failure-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26296" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating coefficient of friction depth progression adhesion failure" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 4: </span>Evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth during nano scratch testing of a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing the progression of coating failure and transition to substrate support.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f9e723a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f9e723a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="246" data-end="537">Failures during nano scratch testing up to a maximum load of 300 mN occur at critical loads below 100 mN. To enable a more quantitative comparison of coating performance, additional tests are performed with a maximum load of 100 mN on two stent samples, referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2.</p><p data-start="539" data-end="794">Fig. 5 compares the scratch tracks of Sample 1 and Sample 2 after nano scratch testing. Sample 1 exhibits the first sign of coating damage at a critical load of Lc1 ≈ 13.2 mN, while Sample 2 shows initial failure at a higher load of Lc1 ≈ 21.1 mN.</p><p data-start="796" data-end="1002">Coating delamination occurs at 62.5 mN for Sample 1. In contrast, the coating on Sample 2 remains intact throughout the test, continuing to protect the metal substrate under the same loading conditions.</p><p data-start="1004" data-end="1350">This behavior is further reflected in the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth, as shown in Fig. 6. When the diamond tip penetrates through the coating and contacts the metal substrate in Sample 1, the COF reaches a peak while the penetration depth decreases due to the increased stiffness of the underlying substrate.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample1-early-failure-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26297" alt="stent coating sample 1 early failure nano scratch track delamination adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 1 – Early Coating Failure</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample2-high-adhesion-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26298" alt="stent coating sample 2 high adhesion nano scratch track minimal damage testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) Sample 2 – Improved Coating Integrity</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 5: </span>Comparison of nano scratch tracks for two stent coatings, showing (a) early coating failure and delamination in Sample 1, and (b) improved coating integrity in Sample 2 under the same loading conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="913" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-comparison-stent-coating-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26299" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating COF depth comparison sample 1 sample 2 adhesion performance" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 6: </span>Comparison of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth for Sample 1 and Sample 2 during nano scratch testing, showing earlier substrate contact and higher friction response in Sample 1, indicating weaker coating adhesion.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f64c74c" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="279" data-end="601">As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the grooved stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 90 μm, comparable to a human hair. The groove has a width of ~50 μm and a depth of 30 μm. This geometry presents a significant challenge for nano scratch testing, particularly for evaluating coating adhesion at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="603" data-end="847">Precise positioning is critical to locate the scratch test within the groove. The nano scratch test is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch tracks of grooved stent Samples 3 and 4 are compared in Fig. 7.</p><p data-start="849" data-end="1108">The critical load Lc is defined as the load at which the coating fails and the substrate becomes exposed. The evolution of normal load and penetration depth, shown in Fig. 8, provides further insight into the progression of coating failure during testing.</p><p data-start="1110" data-end="1331">As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a deeper scratch track. When the critical load Lc is reached, the coating delaminates from the metal substrate.</p><p data-start="1333" data-end="1516">Sample 3 exhibits coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN, while Sample 4 fails at a higher load of Lc ≈ 173 mN. This difference indicates stronger adhesion of the coating in Sample 4.</p><p data-start="1518" data-end="1773">The measured critical loads enable quantitative comparison of coating adhesion performance. Under the same testing conditions, the coating on Sample 4 demonstrates higher resistance to delamination, making it the better-performing candidate in this study.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-failure-sample3-nano-scratch-126mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26300" alt="stent groove coating failure sample 3 nano scratch 126 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) Sample 3 – Coating Failure in Groove (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-high-adhesion-sample4-nano-scratch-173mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26301" alt="stent groove coating adhesion sample 4 nano scratch 173 mN minimal failure testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(d) Sample 4 – Higher Adhesion in Groove (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 7: </span>Nano scratch tracks inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing (c) coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN in Sample 3 and (d) higher adhesion with delayed failure at Lc ≈ 173 mN in Sample 4.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample3-grooved-stent-failure.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26302" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 3 – Earlier Coating Failure (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample4-grooved-stent-high-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26303" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="319" data-end="387">(b) Sample 4 – Delayed Failure and Higher Adhesion (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 8: </span>Evolution of normal load and penetration depth during nano scratch testing inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing earlier coating failure in Sample 3 and delayed failure at higher load in Sample 4. The vertical green line indicates the critical load (Lc) where coating delamination occurs.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">总结</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="245" data-end="468">This study demonstrates the ability of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester to quantitatively evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of polymer coatings on both regular and grooved stent geometries using nano scratch testing.</p><p data-start="470" data-end="825">The recessed geometry of the stent grooves, approximately 50 μm wide and 30 μm deep, presents a significant challenge for coating adhesion measurement. The high X–Y positioning accuracy of 0.25 μm enables precise placement of the scratch test within these confined regions, allowing direct evaluation of coating performance where failure is most critical.</p><p data-start="827" data-end="1124">By applying a controlled, progressively increasing load, critical loads associated with coating failure can be identified and compared across samples. This approach enables reliable differentiation of coating adhesion performance and interfacial integrity, even on small, complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cee3530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cee3530" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">参考文献</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[I] http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stents</em><br /><em>[II] http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402006000300008 </em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is stent coating adhesion testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Stent coating adhesion testing evaluates how strongly a polymer coating is bonded to the metal substrate of a stent. Techniques such as nano scratch testing quantify the load at which coating damage and delamination occur, providing measurable indicators of adhesion strength.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is critical load (Lc) in nano scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Critical load (Lc) is the applied load at which a coating fails during a scratch test.</p><ul data-start="747" data-end="890"><li data-section-id="bhdxv4" data-start="747" data-end="813">Lc1 corresponds to the first visible damage in the coating</li><li data-section-id="4photk" data-start="814" data-end="890">Lc2 indicates complete coating removal and exposure of the substrate</li></ul><p data-start="892" data-end="967">These values are used to quantify and compare coating adhesion performance.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is coating adhesion important in drug-eluting stents?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coating adhesion directly affects the reliability of drug-eluting stents. Poor adhesion can lead to coating delamination, which may compromise controlled drug release and increase the risk of device failure.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you measure coating adhesion inside stent grooves?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Measuring adhesion inside stent grooves requires high positioning accuracy and appropriate indenter geometry. Nano scratch testing with sharp diamond tips allows access to recessed coating regions, enabling direct evaluation of adhesion within complex stent geometries.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction (COF) indicate in scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">The coefficient of friction (COF) reflects changes in surface interaction during the scratch test. A sudden increase in COF often indicates coating failure and contact between the indenter and the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can nano scratch testing compare different coating formulations?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Nano scratch testing enables direct comparison of coatings by measuring critical loads under controlled conditions. Higher critical loads indicate stronger adhesion and improved resistance to delamination, allowing selection of better-performing coating systems.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Stent Coating Adhesion Testing?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:02:01 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Dental Surface Characterization Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry Request Surface Analysis Ask an Expert Live Prepared by Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA Introduction The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26196" class="elementor elementor-26196" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | Dental Surface Characterization</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26092" alt="Dental surface roughness measurement and 3D molar reconstruction using optical profilometry" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA</p>				</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at the nanometer scale, enables advanced research and applications in orthodontics and dental materials science. Non-contact optical profilometry provides a precise method for measuring dental surface roughness and analyzing tooth surface morphology without damaging delicate structures. These measurements support the development of composite dental materials that replicate the natural surface roughness of enamel, as well as the design and fabrication of patient-specific dental casts and restorative components.</p><p data-start="1460" data-end="1982">Low surface roughness plays a primary role in limiting bacterial adhesion and plaque formation, thereby reducing the risk of cavities. An increase in average roughness (Ra) above 2 µm leads to a steep increase in biofilm formation in vivo.¹ An Ra of 0.2 µm is considered the threshold value below which no further reduction in bacterial adhesion can be expected.²</p><p data-start="1984" data-end="2182">Reconstruction of the tooth’s 3D surface topography enables the fabrication of dental casts, which are essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and the fabrication of dental appliances.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Non-Contact Optical Profilometry for Dental Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="232" data-end="713">The present study illustrates the potential of NANOVEA’s high-precision non-contact optical profilometers for dental surface roughness measurement and 3D tooth topography analysis. Chromatic Light technology offers significant advantages over classical touch probe techniques. It acquires data points from deep crevices and complex geometries without introducing measurement errors or artifacts caused by local plastic deformation and without requiring extensive data manipulation.</p><p data-start="715" data-end="1135">Compared to focus variation systems, single-point optical sensing provides superior lateral and height accuracy, with X/Y resolution below 0.5 µm, maximum vertical resolution of 1.9 nm, and the ability to measure surface angles up to 87°. The technique is effective on transparent, opaque, specular, diffusive, polished, and rough dental surfaces, making it well suited for comprehensive dental surface characterization.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> 了解更多 <a href="https://nanovea.com/surface-profiling-lab-services/">non-contact optical profilometry and surface roughness measurement services</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="313" data-end="697">在这个应用中， <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler</a> was used to analyze the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar previously affected by tooth decay. The side of the tooth was scanned using a PS2–MG140 single-point optical sensor to measure surface roughness parameters over a defined region of interest and along multiple line profiles.</p><p data-start="699" data-end="888">The crown of the tooth was then scanned and reconstructed using a PS5–MG35 single-point optical sensor, which is suited for larger-area acquisition and full 3D tooth topography measurement.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;"><br />NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span><br />光学轮廓仪</p>								</div>
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							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-jr25-portable-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25699" alt="NANOVEA JR25 portable optical profilometer for non-contact surface measurement" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Measurement Using NANOVEA Optical Profilometer</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="914" data-end="1026">Surface roughness measurements were performed on the lateral side of the molar crown, followed by full 3D reconstruction of the crown surface. Separate single-point optical sensors were used to optimize measurement accuracy for both localized roughness analysis and large-area surface topography acquisition.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS2 – MG140</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/optical-profilometer-dental-surface-roughness-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26123" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Surface roughness analysis by area and parallel line profiles on the side of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS5 – MG35</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3d-tooth-topography-measurement-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26122" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Full 3D surface reconstruction of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量参数</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The following measurement parameters were used for localized surface roughness analysis and full 3D surface reconstruction of the molar crown using NANOVEA single-point optical sensors.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Area)</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</th><th>Full 3D Reconstruction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Optical Pen</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS5-MG35</td></tr><tr><td>Z-Range [µm]</td><td>300</td><td>300</td><td>10000</td></tr><tr><td>X-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>3.00</td><td>7.50</td></tr><tr><td>X-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>1.70</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>7.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>100.00</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Average (Avg)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Measurement Type</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Mode</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Double Frequency</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Rate [Hz]</td><td>200</td><td>200</td><td>100–400</td></tr><tr><td>Light Intensity [%]</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis (Area)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The PS2 single-point optical sensor was used to investigate fine surface features on the side of the tooth. The image below shows a false-color 2D surface map of the scanned region obtained by non-contact optical profilometry.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1162" height="906" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-scanned-region-2d-height-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26127" alt="False-color 2D height map of scanned tooth surface region" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A least-squares degree-8 polynomial form removal was applied to isolate the surface roughness component. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm and L-Gaussian 0.8 mm were then applied according to ISO 25178. The resulting filtered surface and corresponding roughness parameters are presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="748" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-iso-25178-filtered-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26133" alt="" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper"><table class="iso-roughness-table"><tbody><!-- Filter Settings --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">ISO 25178 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>F:</strong> [Workflow] Form removed (LS-poly 8)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><!-- Height Parameters Header --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td></tr><!-- Height Parameter Rows --><tr><td class="param-code">规模</td><td>2.433</td><td>µm</td><td>均方根高度</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">スクリート</td><td>-0.102</td><td> </td><td>倾斜度</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">价格</td><td>3.715</td><td> </td><td>峰度</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">ǞǞǞ</td><td>18.861</td><td>µm</td><td>最大峰高</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">ǞǞǞ</td><td>16.553</td><td>µm</td><td>Maximum pit depth</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">仕</td><td>35.414</td><td>µm</td><td>最大高度</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">萨</td><td>1.888</td><td>µm</td><td>算术平均身高</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="117" data-end="216">The average surface roughness Sa is 1.888 µm, while the peak-to-valley height Sz reaches 35.414 µm.</p><p data-start="218" data-end="295">A 3D surface rendering of the filtered area is shown below for visualization.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="892" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-3d-render-iso-filtered.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26129" alt="3D rendering of ISO 25178 filtered tooth surface roughness" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af84ca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="af84ca9" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Surface roughness profiles were measured using a series of 11 parallel line scans along the X direction on the side of the tooth. The false-color 2D surface map of the raw scan is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-raw-scan-2d-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26143" alt="False-color 2D raw scan of tooth surface for line roughness profiles" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The surface form was removed using a least-squares 8-degree polynomial prior to applying the metrological filters, leaving the residual surface shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-residual-after-form-removal.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26144" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A statistical analysis of the measured surface roughness profiles reveals the following line roughness parameters.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1670" height="606" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-profile-overlay-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26148" alt="Overlay of multiple tooth surface roughness profiles for statistical analysis" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> 无</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">5.683</td><td class="center">0.761</td><td class="center">4.315</td><td class="center">6.610</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">6.242</td><td class="center">1.009</td><td class="center">4.701</td><td class="center">8.438</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">11.925</td><td class="center">1.676</td><td class="center">9.123</td><td class="center">15.048</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.063</td><td class="center">0.297</td><td class="center">1.710</td><td class="center">2.629</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.523</td><td class="center">0.361</td><td class="center">2.057</td><td class="center">3.175</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> 无</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="184" data-end="276">The value of Ra is consistent with the Sa value extracted from the surface area measurement.</p><p data-start="278" data-end="659">Different metrological filters can be applied to distinguish between macroscopic waviness and microscopic surface roughness. For example, a coarser filter cut-off, such as the 8 mm cut-off used with the Robust Gaussian order-2 filter, produces a smoother waviness profile (red) that is less sensitive to sharp local variations and follows the original surface profile more loosely.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1855" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-waviness-vs-roughness-filter-comparison.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26158" alt="Comparison of waviness and roughness profiles on tooth surface using coarse filter" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Alternatively, a finer cut-off (e.g., 0.08 mm) enables the analysis of micro-roughness by removing the waviness component that follows the original profile at a larger scale, leaving the finer surface roughness features of the tooth visible.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1853" height="790" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-profile-filtering.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26159" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The microroughness analysis obtained using a 0.08 mm L-Gaussian filter is presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="431" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-final-profile.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26160" alt="Final microroughness profile of tooth surface after filtering" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> 无</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.08 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (37)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.582</td><td class="center">0.122</td><td class="center">1.342</td><td class="center">1.748</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.466</td><td class="center">0.119</td><td class="center">1.254</td><td class="center">1.661</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">3.049</td><td class="center">0.196</td><td class="center">2.820</td><td class="center">3.409</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.495</td><td class="center">0.047</td><td class="center">0.423</td><td class="center">0.597</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.643</td><td class="center">0.056</td><td class="center">0.562</td><td class="center">0.762</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> 无</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Full 3D Tooth Surface Topography Reconstruction</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The extended Z-scan range of the PS5 optical sensor enables high-fidelity scanning of the entire tooth crown surface. The resulting 3D surface topography is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="469" height="348" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-crown-surface-topography-3d-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26172" alt="False-color surface topography map of full tooth crown measured with optical profilometer" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">2D VIEW: </span>2D surface map of the tooth crown measured with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="930" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/molar-crown-3d-surface-reconstruction-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26173" alt="3D surface reconstruction of molar crown from optical profilometer scan" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">3D VIEW: </span>High-fidelity 3D rendering of the molar crown surface obtained with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">总结</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="401" data-end="560">In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar.</p><p data-start="562" data-end="922">Both the area scan and the line profile analysis revealed a roughness Rq of approximately 2.5 µm and an Ra of about 1.9–2.0 µm. These values are consistent with results reported in the literature.³ The use of a narrower L-Gaussian filter with an 80 µm cut-off enabled further investigation of micro-roughness, revealing an Rq of 0.643 µm and an Ra of 0.495 µm.</p><p data-start="924" data-end="1270">The full 3D surface topography of the molar crown was reconstructed with high fidelity. The high measurement resolution allows detection of fine surface features and crevices. The resulting surface data can be easily processed and exported as STL files, enabling the design and fabrication of customized dental devices and restorative components.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">参考文献</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Shin, B.W., et al. Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Simulated Toothbrushing. Pediatric Dentistry 44.5 (2022): 363–367.</em><br /><em>[2] Bollen, C.M.L., Paul Lambrechts, and Marc Quirynen. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dental Materials 13.4 (1997): 258–269.</em><br /><em>[3] Suputtamongkol, K., et al. Surface roughness resulting from wear of lithia-disilicate-based posterior crowns. Wear 269.3–4 (2010): 317–322.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Dental Surface Roughness Measurement</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is dental surface roughness measurement?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Dental surface roughness measurement quantifies the microscopic texture of tooth surfaces using parameters such as Ra, Rq, and Sa. Optical profilometers measure these features without contacting the surface, allowing accurate analysis of enamel, restorative materials, and dental crowns.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use optical profilometry to measure tooth roughness?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Optical profilometry provides non-contact surface measurement with nanometer-scale vertical resolution. It captures 2D surface maps and full 3D surface topography of dental structures without damaging soft or polished surfaces.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What roughness parameters are used for dental surface analysis?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Common roughness parameters include Ra (arithmetic mean roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness), Sa (areal roughness), and Sz (maximum surface height). These parameters help evaluate enamel wear, plaque adhesion risk, and the performance of restorative materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is surface roughness important in dentistry?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Surface roughness affects plaque retention, wear resistance, and the long-term performance of dental restorations. Controlling micro-roughness can reduce bacterial adhesion and improve the durability of dental materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Surface Roughness Measurement for Dental Materials?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>手机屏幕保护膜的抗划伤测试</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%89%8b%e6%9c%ba%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e8%86%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e5%88%92%e4%bc%a4%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=scratch-resistance-testing-of-phone-screen-protectors</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%89%8b%e6%9c%ba%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e8%86%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e5%88%92%e4%bc%a4%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 12 Nov 2025 17:42:04 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Fracture Toughness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scratch Testing | Cohesive Failure]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=25222</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors Prepared by Stacey Pereira, Jocelyn Esparza, and Pierre Leroux Understanding Scratch Resistance in Phone Screen Protectors Protective coatings on phone screens play a critical role in scratch resistance, adhesion strength, and long-term durability. Over time, scratches, micro-cracks, and coating delamination can reduce optical clarity and reliability — especially [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%89%8b%e6%9c%ba%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e8%86%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e5%88%92%e4%bc%a4%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="25222" class="elementor elementor-25222" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">手机屏幕保护膜的抗划伤测试</h1>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/cracked-phone-screen-protector-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25259" alt="" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">斯泰西-佩雷拉、乔塞琳-埃斯帕萨和皮埃尔-勒鲁</p>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">了解手机屏幕保护膜的抗划性</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="327" data-end="820">手机屏幕上的保护涂层在抗划伤性、附着强度和长期耐用性方面起着至关重要的作用。随着时间的推移，划痕、微裂纹和涂层分层会降低光学清晰度和可靠性，尤其是在高使用率的环境中。为了评估不同的屏幕保护膜如何抵御机械损伤，仪器划痕测试提供了对涂层失效机制（包括附着力、内聚力和断裂行为）的量化了解。.</p><p data-start="822" data-end="1136">在这项研究中, <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">纳诺维亚 PB1000 机械测试仪</a> 用于在受控渐进加载条件下比较热塑性聚氨酯和钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜。通过精确的声发射检测，我们确定了临界失效载荷，并描述了每种材料如何对不断增加的机械应力做出反应。.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">屏幕保护膜的防刮测试为何重要</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aae756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="aae756f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">许多用户认为，保护层越厚或越硬，性能就越好，但真正的耐用性取决于材料在渐进载荷、表面变形和局部应力作用下的表现。通过仪器划痕测试，工程师可以测量涂层附着力、内聚强度、表面耐磨性，以及失效发生或扩展的确切载荷。.</p><p data-start="1622" data-end="1964">通过分析裂纹起始点、分层行为和失效模式，制造商可以验证屏幕保护膜的性能，用于研发、质量控制或比较基准。纳米和微小划痕测试提供了可重复的、数据驱动的实际耐用性洞察力，远远超出了传统的硬度评级。.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> 了解更多 <a class="decorated-link cursor-pointer" href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2047" data-end="2121">涂层和屏幕保护膜的划痕和附着力测试服务。.</a></em></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6911f48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试目标 <br>测量屏幕保护膜的失效载荷</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1702" data-end="2144">本研究的目的是展示 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪如何对聚合物和玻璃屏幕保护膜进行可重复的标准化抗划伤测试。通过逐步增加施加的负载，该系统可检测到内聚力和粘合力失效的临界负载，捕捉声发射信号，并将这些事件与划痕深度、摩擦力和表面变形相关联。.</p><p data-start="2146" data-end="2656">这种方法提供了每种保护涂层的完整机械性能曲线，使制造商和研发团队能够评估材料配方、涂层附着强度、表面耐久性和最佳涂层厚度，从而提高产品性能。这些划痕评估是 NANOVEA 更广泛的产品系列的一部分。 <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">机械测试解决方案</a> 用于表征研发、质量控制和生产环境中的涂层、薄膜和基材。.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 大型平台</span><br />机械测试仪</p>								</div>
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							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NANOVEA-Scratch-Tester-amd-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-22859" alt="纳米维划痕测试仪：PTFE 涂层磨损测试" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试参数和仪器设置</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">TPU 和钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜的抗划伤性评估是在受控条件下进行的，以确保可重复性和准确的失效负载检测。以下参数定义了在 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪上使用的渐进加载划痕测试装置。.</p>								</div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50.0898%; padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">装载类型</td>
<td style="width: 49.9102%; padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">进步</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">初始负载</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">0.1 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">终极装载</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">12 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">滑动速度</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3.025 毫米/分钟</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">划痕长度</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3毫米</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">压头的几何形状</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">岩井（120° 锥形）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">压头材料（尖端）</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">钻石</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">压头半径</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">50 微米</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">气体环境</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">空气</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">温度</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">24 °C（室温）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> <span class="fontstyle0">划痕测试使用的测试参数</span> <br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="658" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-mechanical-tester-screen-protector-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25228" alt="在 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪上进行划痕测试的屏幕保护膜样品" />															</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8e1a70e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8e1a70e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p>在渐进加载划痕测量过程中将屏幕保护膜样品安装在 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪上。.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">用于耐刮擦测试的屏幕保护膜样品</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="339" data-end="686">我们选择了两种市售的屏幕保护膜材料，以比较它们在抗划伤性、失效行为和机械耐久性方面的差异。两种样品都牢固地安装在 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪上，并在相同的渐进加载条件下进行评估，以确保比较结果的一致性和公正性。.</p><p data-start="688" data-end="1108">TPU 屏幕保护膜是一种柔性聚合物薄膜，具有高弹性和较低的耐磨性，而钢化玻璃保护膜则是一种刚性脆性材料，具有高硬度和更强的冲击保护能力。在相同的负载条件下测试这两种材料，可以清楚地评估材料成分、弹性和硬度对划痕失效模式的影响。.</p>								</div>
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									<p>TPU 屏幕保护膜</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tpu-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25234" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>钢化玻璃</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tempered-glass-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25233" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 为抗划伤测试准备的 TPU 和钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜。.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试结果：热塑性聚氨酯与钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜的失效模式对比</h2>				</div>
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">屏幕保护膜类型</td><td style="padding: 8px;">临界负荷 #1 (n)</td><td style="padding: 8px;">临界负荷 #2 (n)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">热塑性聚氨酯</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">不适用</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">2.004 ± 0.063</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">钢化玻璃</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.608 ± 0.281</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">7.44 ± 0.995</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表2:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 每个屏幕保护膜样本的关键负载汇总。.</span></p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1be118e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1be118e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">由于热塑性聚氨酯和钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜具有根本不同的机械特性，因此在渐进载荷划痕测试中，每种样品都表现出不同的失效模式和临界载荷阈值。表 2 总结了每种材料测得的临界载荷。.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">临界载荷 #1 代表光学显微镜下第一个可观察到的内聚失效点，如裂纹开始或径向断裂。.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">临界载荷 #2 相当于通过声发射（AE）监测检测到的第一个重大事件，通常代表较大的结构故障或穿透事件。.</p><h3 data-start="1188" data-end="1246"><strong data-start="1192" data-end="1244">TPU 屏幕保护膜 - 柔性聚合物特性</strong></h3><p data-start="1247" data-end="1487">热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）屏幕保护膜只出现了一次重大临界事件（临界载荷 #2）。该载荷对应于划痕轨迹上薄膜开始从手机屏幕表面翘起、剥离或分层的点。.</p><p data-start="1489" data-end="1789">一旦超过临界载荷 #2（≈2.00 N），压头的穿透力足以在测试的剩余时间内直接在手机屏幕上造成可见划痕。没有检测到单独的临界载荷 #1，这与材料的高弹性和较低的内聚强度相符。.</p><h3 data-start="1796" data-end="1864"><strong data-start="1800" data-end="1862">钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜 - 脆性失效行为</strong></h3><p data-start="1865" data-end="1977">钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜显示出两种不同的临界载荷，这是脆性材料的特征：</p><ul data-start="1979" data-end="2284"><li data-start="1979" data-end="2142"><p data-start="1981" data-end="2142">临界载荷 #1（≈3.61 N）：显微镜下观察到径向断裂和裂纹萌生，表明玻璃层的早期内聚失效。.</p></li><li data-start="2143" data-end="2284"><p data-start="2145" data-end="2284">临界载荷 #2（≈7.44 N）：较大的 AE 峰值和划痕深度的急剧增加表明保护器在较高负载下会穿透。.</p></li></ul><p data-start="2286" data-end="2495">虽然 AE 值高于热塑性聚氨酯，但手机屏幕没有受到任何损坏，这表明钢化玻璃保护层有能力在发生灾难性故障之前吸收和分散负载。.</p><p data-start="2497" data-end="2665">在这两种材料中，临界载荷 #2 与压头击穿屏幕保护膜的瞬间相对应，从而确认了每种样品的保护极限。.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b58c652 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b58c652" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TPU 屏幕保护膜：划痕测试数据和故障分析</h3>				</div>
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">划痕模块</td><td style="padding: 8px;">临界负荷 #2 (n)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.033</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.047</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1.931</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">平均数</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.003</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">标准差</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.052</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表 3：</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> TPU 屏幕保护膜划痕测试中测得的临界负荷。.</span></p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-88392d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="88392d4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25239" alt="在 NANOVEA 机械测试仪上测试 TPU 屏幕保护膜的摩擦力、法向力、声发射和深度与划痕长度的关系图。." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> TPU 屏幕保护膜的摩擦力、法向载荷、声发射（AE）和划痕深度与划痕长度的关系。. <span class="fontstyle0">(B) 临界载荷 #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-2-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25240" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 临界负荷 #2 时 TPU 屏幕保护膜的光学显微镜图像（放大 5 倍；图像宽度 0.8934 毫米）。.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="256" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-full-length-image.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25241" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> TPU 屏幕保护膜划痕后的全长图像，显示逐步加载测试后的完整划痕轨迹。.</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"><br /></span></p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜：临界载荷数据和断裂行为</h3>				</div>
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<td style="padding: 8px;">划痕模块</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">临界负荷 #1 (n)</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">临界负荷 #2 (n)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.923</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">7.366</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.382</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.483</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.519</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">8.468</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">平均数</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.653</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.925</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">标准差</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.383</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.624</td>
</tr>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表 4：</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 在钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜划痕测试中测得的临界载荷。.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> 与非硅酸盐聚合物涂层的比较，请参阅我们关于 <a href="https://nanovea.com/ptfe-coating-wear-test/">聚四氟乙烯涂层磨损测试</a>, ，突出了低摩擦聚合物薄膜在类似渐进加载条件下的失效行为。.</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25242" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图5:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜的摩擦力、法向载荷、声发射（AE）和划痕深度与划痕长度的关系。. <span class="fontstyle0">(A) 临界载荷 #1 (B) 临界载荷 #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a66761a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="a66761a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25243" alt="使用 NANOVEA 机械测试仪以 5 倍放大率进行划痕测试时，显示钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜上临界载荷 #1 和临界载荷 #2 失效位置的光学显微镜图像。." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图6:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 光学显微镜图像，以 5 倍放大率显示临界载荷 #1（左）和临界载荷 #2（右）的失效位置（图像宽度：0.8934 毫米）。.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="252" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25244" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图7:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 测试后钢化玻璃划痕轨迹的光学显微镜图像，突出显示了渐进加载测试后的断裂起始点（CL#1）和最终穿透区（CL#2）。.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论TPU 与钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜的划痕性能比较</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843">这项研究展示了 NANOVEA PB1000 机械测试仪如何利用渐进加载和声发射 (AE) 检测技术提供受控、可重复和高灵敏度的抗划伤性测量。通过精确捕捉内聚和粘合失效事件，该系统能够清晰地比较热塑性聚氨酯和钢化玻璃屏幕保护膜在机械应力增加时的表现。.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">实验结果证实，钢化玻璃的临界载荷明显高于热塑性聚氨酯，具有卓越的抗划伤性、延迟断裂的起始时间以及可靠的抗压头穿透保护。热塑性聚氨酯较低的内聚强度和较早的分层突出了其在高应力环境中的局限性。.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">在确定失效载荷后，还可以使用一个分析仪对产生的划痕轨迹进行分析。 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">非接触式 3D 光学轮廓仪</a> 测量沟槽深度、残余变形和划痕后形貌。这有助于完成每种材料的机械剖面图。.</p><p data-start="1190" data-end="1564">NANOVEA 机械测试仪专为精确和可重复的压痕、划痕和磨损测试而设计，支持符合 ISO 和 ASTM 标准的纳米和微米模块。它的多功能性使其成为评估薄膜、涂层、聚合物、玻璃和基材在研发、生产和质量控制过程中的全部机械性能的理想解决方案。.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">常见问题 <br> 关于耐刮擦测试</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">什么是耐刮擦测试？</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">耐刮擦测试评估材料或涂层在金刚石测针施加逐渐增加的负载时的反应。该测试可确定发生内聚或粘合失效的临界载荷，为耐用性、粘合强度和抗表面损伤能力提供可量化的衡量标准。.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">内聚性失效和粘性失效有何区别？</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">发生内聚失效 <em data-start="840" data-end="848">内</em> 涂层或材料，如开裂、撕裂或内部断裂。.<br data-start="921" data-end="924" />粘合剂失效发生在涂层从底层脱落时，表明粘合强度不足。.</p><p data-start="168" data-end="494">NANOVEA PB1000 通过同步声发射监测、划痕深度跟踪和摩擦分析来检测这两种情况。.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">为什么使用机械测试仪而不是手动方法？</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">像 NANOVEA PB1000 这样的机械测试仪可提供精确、可重复和标准化的测量，确保为研发、生产验证和质量控制提供可靠的数据。它还具有人工方法无法提供的先进功能，例如声发射检测和实时深度监测。.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">您的材料需要可靠的划痕测试吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%89%8b%e6%9c%ba%e5%b1%8f%e5%b9%95%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4%e8%86%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e5%88%92%e4%bc%a4%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>高温下的原位磨损测量</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=in-situ-wear-measurement-at-high-temperature</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 22:20:45 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Temperature Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10121</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IN SITU WEAR MEASUREMENT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE USING TRIBOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION The Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is a type of robust electrical transformer used to measure linear displacement. It has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including power turbines, hydraulics, automation, aircraft, satellites, nuclear reactors, and many [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10121" class="elementor elementor-10121" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">原位磨损测量
在高温下</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用摩擦仪</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="302" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-Aerospace-Tribology.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9629" alt="就地磨损测量 航空摩擦磨损仪" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>线性可变差动变压器（LVDT）是一种用于测量线性位移的坚固电气变压器。它已被广泛用于各种工业应用，包括电力涡轮机、液压系统、自动化、飞机、卫星、核反应堆和许多其他应用。</p>
<p>在本研究中，我们展示了 NANOVEA 的 LVDT 和高温模块附加组件 <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a> 允许在高温磨损过程中测量测试样品磨损轨迹深度的变化。这使得用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与 COF 的演变联系起来，这对于提高对高温应用材料的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本了解至关重要。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>在这项研究中，我们想展示NANOVEA T50摩擦仪在高温下现场监测材料磨损过程的能力。</i></p><p><i>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷的磨损过程是以控制和监测的方式模拟出来的。</i></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试程序</h2>				</div>
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									<p>摩擦学行为，如摩擦系数，COF，以及硅酸铝陶瓷板的耐磨性是由NANOVEA摩擦仪评估的。硅酸铝陶瓷板被加热炉从室温RT加热到高温（400℃和800℃），然后在这些温度下进行磨损测试。 </p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">为了比较，当样品从800°C冷却到400°C，然后再冷却到室温时，进行了磨损测试。一个AI2O3球头（6毫米直径，100级）被用于测试样品。在现场对COF、磨损深度和温度进行了监测。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>测试参数</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">的引脚在磁盘上的测量</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="783" height="150" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Test-parameters-of-the-pin-on-disk-measurement-09.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9647" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="461" height="436" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Tribometer-Sample-LVDT.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9644" alt="摩擦仪LVDT样品" />															</div>
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									<p>磨损率K是用公式K=V/(Fxs)=A/(Fxn)来评估的，其中V是磨损体积，F是法向载荷，s是滑动距离，A是磨损轨道的截面积，n是旋转次数。用NANOVEA光学剖面仪评估了表面粗糙度和磨损轨迹轮廓，并用光学显微镜检查了磨损轨迹的形态。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果与讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>图1和图2分别显示了现场记录的COF和磨痕深度。在图1中，"-I "表示当温度从RT增加到高温时进行的试验。"D "代表温度从800°C的较高温度下降。</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">如图1所示，在不同温度下测试的样品在整个测量过程中表现出可比的COF约为0.6。如此高的COF导致了加速的磨损过程，产生了大量的碎屑。如图2所示，在磨损测试期间，通过LVDT监测磨损轨迹深度。在样品加热前和样品冷却后的室温下进行的测试表明，硅酸铝陶瓷板在RT时表现出渐进的磨损过程，在整个磨损测试过程中，磨损轨迹深度逐渐增加，分别为~170和~150μm。 </span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">相比之下，高温（400°C和800°C）下的磨损试验表现出不同的磨损行为--磨损过程开始时，磨损轨迹深度迅速增加，随着试验的继续进行，它的速度减慢。在400°C-I、800°C和400°C-D温度下进行的试验的磨损轨迹深度分别为~140、~350和~210μm。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="785" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Coefficient-of-Friction-during-pin-on-desk-Tests-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9954" alt="在不同的温度下进行的针座测试中的COF" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图1. </i></b>
<span>在不同温度下进行的针盘测试中的摩擦系数</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="799" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Evolution-of-wear-track-depth-of-the-alumina-silicate-ceramic-plate-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9955" alt="不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的磨损轨迹深度" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图2. </i></b>
<span>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的磨损痕迹深度的演变</span> 
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									<p>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的平均磨损率和磨损轨迹深度是用 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 光学剖析器的概述如下 <b><i>图3</i></b>.磨损轨迹的深度与使用LVDT记录的深度一致。硅酸铝陶瓷板在800°C时显示出大幅增加的磨损率，约为0.5 mm3/Nm，而在400°C以下的温度下，磨损率低于0.2 mm3/N。硅酸铝陶瓷板在短暂的加热过程后并没有表现出明显增强的机械/三态性能，在热处理之前和之后拥有相当的磨损率。</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">硅酸铝陶瓷，也被称为熔岩和奇石，在加热处理之前是柔软的，可以加工。在高达1093°C的高温下进行长时间的烧制，可以大幅提高其硬度和强度，之后需要进行钻石加工。这样一个独特的特性使硅酸铝陶瓷成为雕塑的理想材料。</span></p><p>在这项研究中，我们表明，在短时间内以低于烧制所需的温度（800°C对1093°C）进行热处理并不能改善硅酸铝陶瓷的机械和摩擦学特性，这使得适当的烧制成为这种材料在实际应用中使用前的必要过程。</p><div> </div>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1687" height="1211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Wear-rate-and-wear-track-depth-of-the-sample-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9962" alt="不同温度下样品的磨损率和磨损痕迹深度 1" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图3. </i></b>
不同温度下样品的磨损率和磨损轨迹深度</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>基于本研究的综合摩擦学分析，我们表明，硅酸铝陶瓷板在从室温到800℃的不同温度下表现出相当的摩擦系数。然而，在800°C时，它显示出大幅增加的磨损率，约为0.5 mm3/Nm，显示出对这种陶瓷进行适当热处理的重要性。</p><p>NANOVEA摩擦仪能够评估材料在高达1000℃高温下应用的摩擦学特性。原位COF和磨损轨迹深度测量的功能使用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与COF的演变联系起来，这对于提高对高温下使用的材料的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本认识至关重要。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA摩擦仪使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。NANOVEA无与伦比的产品系列是确定薄或厚、软或硬的涂层、薄膜和基材的全部摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p><p>可选的3D非接触式轮廓仪，除了用于其他表面测量（如粗糙度）外，还可用于磨损轨迹的高分辨率3D成像。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="546" height="308" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-1-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9973" alt="原地磨损测量" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>使用三维光学轮廓仪进行鱼鳞表面分析</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a83d%e5%85%89%e5%ad%a6%e6%b5%8b%e7%bb%98%e4%bb%aa%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%b1%bc%e9%b3%9e%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fish-scale-surface-analysis-using-3d-optical-profiler</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a83d%e5%85%89%e5%ad%a6%e6%b5%8b%e7%bb%98%e4%bb%aa%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%b1%bc%e9%b3%9e%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 02:56:37 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10003</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>使用 3D 光学轮廓仪进行鱼鳞表面分析 了解更多</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a83d%e5%85%89%e5%ad%a6%e6%b5%8b%e7%bb%98%e4%bb%aa%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%b1%bc%e9%b3%9e%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10003" class="elementor elementor-10003" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>使用三维光学轮廓仪进行鱼鳞表面分析</p><p>了解更多</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">鱼鳞表面分析</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用三维光学轮廓仪</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-08.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10005" alt="鱼鳞式剖面仪" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">安德烈-诺维茨基</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>使用 NANOVEA 研究鱼鳞的形态、图案和其他特征 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">3D 非接触式光学轮廓仪</a>。这种生物样本的精致性质及其非常小和高角度的凹槽也凸显了轮廓仪非接触技术的重要性。鳞片上的凹槽被称为环状物，可以通过研究来估计鱼的年龄，甚至可以区分不同生长速度的时期，类似于树的年轮。这对于管理野生鱼类种群以防止过度捕捞非常重要。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">三维非接触式轮廓仪在生物研究中的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p>与其他技术如触摸探针或干涉测量术不同，3D非接触式光学剖面仪使用轴向色差，几乎可以测量任何表面。由于开放分期，样品的大小可能变化很大，不需要样品准备。在表面轮廓测量过程中获得纳米通过宏观范围的特征，不受样品反射率或吸收的影响。该仪器具有先进的测量高表面角度的能力，无需软件对结果进行操作。任何材料都很容易测量，无论它是透明的、不透明的、镜面的、扩散的、抛光的还是粗糙的。该技术提供了一种理想的、广泛的和用户友好的功能，可以最大限度地提高表面研究，以及结合2D和3D功能的好处。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p>在这个应用中，我们展示了NANOVEA ST400，一个带有高速传感器的3D非接触式轮廓仪，提供了对尺度表面的全面分析。</p><p>该仪器已经被用来扫描整个样品，同时对中心区域进行了更高的分辨率扫描。还测量了刻度的外侧和内侧的表面粗糙度以进行比较。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>ST400</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="808" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Optical-Profilometry-ST400.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9556" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">外尺度的三维和二维表面特征</h2>				</div>
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									<p>外尺度的三维视图和假彩色视图显示了类似于指纹或树环的复杂结构。这为用户提供了一个直接的工具，从不同的角度直接观察刻度的表面特征。外尺度的各种其他测量结果与尺度的外侧和内侧的比较一起显示。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="519" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-False-Color.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10009" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="466" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-3D-View.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10010" alt="鱼鳞扫描三维视图轮廓仪" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="687" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10011" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Volume.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10014" alt="鱼鳞扫描体积三维轮廓仪" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="340" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Step-Height.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10015" alt="鱼鳞扫描阶梯高度三维光学剖面仪" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>表面粗糙度比较</span> <br style="font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: -webkit-auto;text-transform: none"></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="424" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-3D-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10016" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometer-3D-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10017" alt="鱼鳞轮廓仪三维扫描" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这个应用中，我们展示了NANOVEA 3D非接触式光学轮廓仪是如何以各种方式描述鱼鳞的。 </p><p>使用NANOVEA 3D非接触光学轮廓仪对鱼鳞的形态、图案和其他特征进行了研究。这种生物样品的精致性质，以及它非常小和高角度的凹槽，也突出了剖面仪非接触技术的重要性。鳞片上的凹槽被称为“环”，可以通过研究来估计鱼的年龄，甚至可以区分不同生长速率的时期，就像树木的年轮一样。这对于管理野生鱼类种群以防止过度捕捞是非常重要的信息。 </p><p>这里显示的数据仅代表分析软件中可用的一部分计算结果。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a83d%e5%85%89%e5%ad%a6%e6%b5%8b%e7%bb%98%e4%bb%aa%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e9%b1%bc%e9%b3%9e%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>聚合物的动态机械分析（DMA）频率扫描</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81-%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0-%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90-%e9%a2%91%e7%8e%87-%e5%af%b9%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%89%ab%e9%a2%91/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dynamic-mechanical-analysis-frequency-sweep-on-polymer</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81-%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0-%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90-%e9%a2%91%e7%8e%87-%e5%af%b9%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%89%ab%e9%a2%91/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Fri, 13 Nov 2020 00:21:49 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Loss and Storage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9335</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>DMA FREQUENCY SWEEP ON POLYMER USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS FREQUENCY SWEEP TEST The changing frequency of the stress often leads to variations in the complex modulus, which is a critical mechanical property of polymers. For example, tires are subjected to cyclical high deformations when vehicles are [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81-%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0-%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90-%e9%a2%91%e7%8e%87-%e5%af%b9%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%89%ab%e9%a2%91/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9335" class="elementor elementor-9335" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">DMA频率扫描</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">在聚合物上使用纳米压痕</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="282" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/DMA-FREQUENCY-SWEEP-on-Polymer-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9336" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">动态机械分析的重要性 扫频测试</h2>				</div>
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									<p>应力的变化频率通常会导致复数模量的变化，而复数模量是聚合物的关键机械性能。例如，当车辆在道路上行驶时，轮胎会遭受周期性的高变形。当汽车加速到更高的速度时，压力和变形的频率会发生变化。这种变化会导致轮胎粘弹性特性的变化，而轮胎粘弹性特性是汽车性能的重要因素。需要对不同频率下聚合物的粘弹性行为进行可靠且可重复的测试。 NANOVEA 的 Nano 模块 <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">机械测试仪 </a>通过高精度压电执行器产生正弦负载，并使用超灵敏称重传感器和电容器直接测量力和位移的演变。简单的设置和高精度的结合使其成为动态机械分析频率扫描的理想工具。</p>								</div>
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									<p>粘弹性材料在经历变形时同时表现出粘性和弹性特征。高分子材料中的长分子链促成了其独特的粘弹性能，即结合了弹性固体和牛顿流体的特性。应力、温度、频率和其他因素都对粘弹性能起作用。动态机械分析，也被称为DMA，通过施加正弦波应力和测量应变的变化来研究材料的粘弹性行为和复合模量。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>在此应用中，我们使用最强大的机械测试仪 NANOVEA PB1000 在不同 DMA 频率下研究抛光轮胎样品的粘弹性特性。 <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">纳米压痕</a> 模式。</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>PB1000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9934" alt="纳米压印机和划痕测试器 Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试条件</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2584859 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2584859" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">频率（Hz）。</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>0.1, 1.5, 10, 20</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">每个频率下的蠕变时间。</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">50秒</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">振荡电压</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">0.1 V</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">装载电压</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1 V</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4539bd8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4539bd8" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">压头类型</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">球形</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">金刚石 | 100 μm</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tire-Sample-Lab-Testing-DMA.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9339" alt="" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7e94cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c7e94cf" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>结果与讨论</i></h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e182068 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e182068" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>在最大载荷下的动态机械分析频率扫描可以在一次测试中快速简单地测量样品在不同载荷频率下的粘弹性能。不同频率下的载荷和位移波的相移和振幅可以用来计算各种基本的材料粘弹性能，包括 <i>储存模数</i>, <i>损耗模数</i> 和 <i>谭 (δ)</i> 正如以下图表所总结的那样。 </p><p>在本研究中，1、5、10和20赫兹的频率对应于每小时约7、33、67和134公里的速度。随着测试频率从0.1到20赫兹的增加，可以观察到存储模量和损失模量都在逐渐增加。当频率从0.1增加到1赫兹时，Tan（δ）从~0.27下降到0.18，然后在达到20赫兹的频率时，它逐渐增加到~0.55。DMA扫频可以测量储存模量、损失模量和Tan (δ)的趋势，这提供了关于单体运动和交联以及聚合物的玻璃转变的信息。通过在扫频过程中使用加热板提高温度，可以获得不同测试条件下分子运动性质的更完整的图像。</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4bb66bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4bb66bf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>负荷和深度的演变</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a52ea3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a52ea3f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>完整的DMA频率扫描</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-23eb6f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="23eb6f2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="374" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-DMA-Frequency-Sweep.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9352" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>不同频率下的载荷和深度与时间的关系</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="794" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-vs-Time-at-DMA-Frequencies.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9353" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>存储模量</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>在不同的频率下</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-28da3f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="28da3f1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Storage-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9343" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>亏损模式</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-798f886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="798f886" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>在不同的频率下</i></h2>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a2643df elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="a2643df" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="868" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Loss-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9344" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>TAN (δ) </i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>在不同的频率下</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="644" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/TAN-δ-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9345" alt="" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-849cecb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="849cecb" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了NANOVEA机械测试仪在轮胎样品上进行动态机械分析频率扫描测试的能力。该测试测量了轮胎在不同频率的应力下的粘弹性能。随着加载频率从0.1到20赫兹的增加，轮胎显示出储存和损失模量的增加。它提供了关于轮胎在不同速度下运行的粘弹性行为的有用信息，这对于提高轮胎的性能以实现更平稳、更安全的骑行至关重要。DMA扫频试验可以在不同的温度下进行，以模拟轮胎在不同天气下的真实工作环境。</p><p>在NANOVEA机械测试仪的纳米模块中，快速压电的负载应用与单独的高灵敏度应变计的负载测量是独立的。这在动态机械分析中具有明显的优势，因为深度和载荷之间的相位是直接从传感器收集的数据中测量的。相位的计算是直接的，不需要进行数学建模，因为数学建模会增加所产生的损失和存储模量的不精确性。而基于线圈的系统则不是这样。</p><p>总之，DMA测量损耗和存储模量、复合模量和Tan（δ）作为接触深度、时间和频率的函数。可选的加热阶段允许在DMA期间测定材料的相变温度。NANOVEA机械测试仪在一个平台上提供无与伦比的多功能纳米和微米模块。纳米和微米模块都包括划痕测试器、硬度测试器和磨损测试器模式，在单个模块上提供了最广泛和最友好的测试范围。</p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-11be983 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="11be983" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81-%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0-%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90-%e9%a2%91%e7%8e%87-%e5%af%b9%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%89%ab%e9%a2%91/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>菲涅尔透镜拓扑图</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%8f%b2%e6%b6%85%e5%b0%94-%e9%80%8f%e9%95%9c-%e5%9c%b0%e5%bd%a2/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fresnel-lens-topography</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%8f%b2%e6%b6%85%e5%b0%94-%e9%80%8f%e9%95%9c-%e5%9c%b0%e5%bd%a2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 17:47:43 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9253</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FRESNEL LENS TOPOGRAPHYUSING 3D NON-CONTACT OPTICAL PROFILOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li &#38; Benjamin Mell INTRODUCTION A lens is an optical device of axial symmetry that transmits and refracts light. A simple lens consists of a single optical component for converging or diverging the light. Even though spherical surfaces are not ideal shape for making a lens, they [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%8f%b2%e6%b6%85%e5%b0%94-%e9%80%8f%e9%95%9c-%e5%9c%b0%e5%bd%a2/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9253" class="elementor elementor-9253" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<h1 style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 60px; color: #1b96cf; display: block;">菲涅尔透镜拓扑</span><span style="font-size: 32px; color: #000;">使用 </span><span style="font-size: 32px;">3D </span><span style="font-size: 32px; font-family: inherit;">非接触式光学轮廓仪</span></h1>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Inspection-Lighthouse.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9254" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰和Benjamin Mell</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">透镜是一种轴对称的光学装置，用来传输和折射光线。一个简单的透镜由单一的光学元件组成，用于收敛或发散光线。尽管球形表面并不是制作透镜的理想形状，但它们通常被用作玻璃研磨和抛光后最简单的形状。</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">菲涅尔透镜由一系列同心环组成，这些环是简单透镜的薄部分，宽度只有千分之几英寸。与具有相同光学性能的传统透镜相比，菲涅尔透镜孔径大，焦距短，设计紧凑，减少了所需材料的重量和体积。由于菲涅尔透镜的薄几何结构，很少的光由于吸收而丢失。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">3D非接触式轮廓测量法在菲涅尔透镜检查中的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p>菲涅尔透镜广泛应用于汽车工业、灯塔、太阳能和航空母舰的光学着陆系统。用透明塑料模制或冲压透镜可以提高其生产成本效益。菲涅尔透镜的使用质量主要取决于其同心环的精度和表面质量。与接触式探针技术不同，NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">光学轮廓仪</a> 在不接触表面的情况下执行 3D 表面测量，避免产生新划痕的风险。色光技术非常适合精确扫描复杂形状，例如不同几何形状的镜片。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">菲涅尔透镜原理图</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="423" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Schematic-Technical-Drawing.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9263" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>透明塑料菲涅尔透镜可以通过成型或冲压制造。准确和有效的质量控制对于揭示有缺陷的生产模具或冲压件至关重要。通过测量同心环的高度和间距，将测量值与透镜制造商给出的规格值进行比较，可以发现生产的变化。</p><p>对镜片轮廓的精确测量可确保模具或印章被正确加工以符合制造商的规格。此外，印章可能随着时间的推移而逐渐磨损，导致其失去最初的形状。持续偏离镜片制造商的规格是一个积极的迹象，表明需要更换模具。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量目标</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在本应用中，我们展示了 NANOVEA ST400，这是一款配备高速传感器的三维非接触式轮廓仪，可对形状复杂的光学元件进行全面的三维轮廓分析。为了展示我们的色度光技术的卓越能力，我们对菲涅尔透镜进行了轮廓分析。.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">ST400 大面积</span><br />光学 3D 轮廓仪</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>本研究使用的2.3" x 2.3" 亚克力菲涅尔透镜包括 </i></p><p><i>一系列的同心环和复杂的锯齿状横截面轮廓。 </i></p><p><i>它有一个1.5英寸的焦距，2.0英寸的有效尺寸直径。 </i></p><p><i>每英寸有125条沟，折射率为1.49。</i></p>								</div>
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									<p><em>菲涅尔透镜的NANOVEA ST400扫描显示，同心环的高度明显增加，从中心向外移动。</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="639" height="541" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Scan-Evaluation-Quality-Control.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9271" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="797" height="564" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-3D-Scan-Profilometer-Topography.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9272" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>剖析</i></b></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="297" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-QC-Extracted-Profiler.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9273" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>巅峰与谷底 </i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>剖面图的尺寸分析</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="464" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Dimensional-Analysis-of-the-Profile.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9274" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这个应用中，我们展示了NANOVEA ST400非接触式光学轮廓仪精确测量菲涅尔透镜的表面形貌。 </p><p>使用NANOVEA分析软件，可以从复杂的锯齿状轮廓准确地确定高度和间距的尺寸。用户可以通过比较制造的镜片的环高和节距尺寸与理想的环规格，有效地检查生产模具或印章的质量。</p><p>这里显示的数据仅代表分析软件中可用的一部分计算结果。 </p><p>NANOVEA光学轮廓仪几乎可以测量任何领域的表面，包括半导体、微电子、太阳能、光纤、汽车、航空航天、冶金、加工、涂层、制药、生物医学、环境和许多其他领域。</p><div> </div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">现在就与专家讨论</span>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">快速获取价格和详细信息</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%8f%b2%e6%b6%85%e5%b0%94-%e9%80%8f%e9%95%9c-%e5%9c%b0%e5%bd%a2/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>机加工零件检查</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%9c%ba%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e9%9b%b6%e4%bb%b6%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=machined-parts-inspection</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%9c%ba%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e9%9b%b6%e4%bb%b6%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 21:17:54 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9130</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%9c%ba%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e9%9b%b6%e4%bb%b6%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9130" class="elementor elementor-9130" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">机械零件</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用三维轮廓测量法根据CAD模型进行检测</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">作者。</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">订正</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Jocelyn Esparza</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machined-Parts-Inspection.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9131" alt="用轮廓仪检测机械加工件" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>各个行业对能够创造复杂几何形状的精密加工的需求一直在上升。从航空航天、医疗和汽车，到科技齿轮、机械和乐器，不断的创新和演变将期望和精度标准推向新的高度。因此，我们看到对严格的检测技术和仪器的需求上升，以确保产品的最高质量。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">三维非接触式轮廓仪在零件检测中的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p>将加工好的零件的属性与它们的CAD模型进行比较，对于验证公差和对生产标准的遵守是至关重要的。在服务期间的检查也是至关重要的，因为零件的磨损可能需要更换。及时发现任何偏离所需规格的情况将有助于避免昂贵的维修、生产停顿和声誉受损。</p><p>与接触式探针技术不同，NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">光学轮廓仪</a> 以零接触方式执行 3D 表面扫描，从而以最高精度快速、精确、无损地测量复杂形状。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p>在这个应用中，我们展示了NANOVEA HS2000，一个带有高速传感器的三维非接触式轮廓仪，进行尺寸、半径和粗糙度的全面表面检测。 </p><p>所有这些都在40秒内完成。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>HS2000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/hs2000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Optical-Profilometry-HS2000.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9554" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CAD模型</h2>				</div>
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									<p>对加工件的尺寸和表面粗糙度的精确测量对于确保其符合所需的规格、公差和表面光洁度至关重要。下面是要检测的零件的三维模型和工程图。&nbsp;</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Quality-Control.png" title="" alt="" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">错误的颜色视图</h2>				</div>
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									<p>CAD模型的假彩色视图和扫描的加工零件表面在图3中进行了比较。 样品表面的高度变化可以通过颜色的变化来观察。</p><p>如图2所示，从三维表面扫描中提取三个二维轮廓，以进一步验证加工件的尺寸公差。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="973" height="1024" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Profilometry.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9137" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">概况比较和结果</h2>				</div>
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									<p>图3至图5中显示了轮廓1至3。通过将测量的轮廓与CAD模型进行比较来进行定量公差检查，以维护严格的制造标准。轮廓1和轮廓2测量弯曲加工件上不同区域的半径。轮廓2的高度变化在156毫米的长度上为30微米，符合所需的±125微米的公差要求。 </p><p>通过设置公差限值，分析软件可以自动确定加工件的合格或不合格。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1651" height="767" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9138" alt="用轮廓仪检测机器零件" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="262" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-2.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9139" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>被加工零件表面的粗糙度和均匀性对保证其质量和功能起着重要作用。图6是从被加工零件的母扫描中提取的表面积，用于量化表面光洁度。平均表面粗糙度(Sa)为2.31 μ m。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="313" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-3.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9140" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了配备了高速传感器的NANOVEA HS2000非接触式轮廓仪是如何进行尺寸和粗糙度的全面表面检测的。 </p><p>高分辨率扫描使用户能够测量加工零件的详细形态和表面特征，并将其与CAD模型进行定量比较。该仪器还能够检测到任何缺陷，包括划痕和裂纹。 </p><p>先进的轮廓分析作为一个无与伦比的工具，不仅可以确定加工的零件是否满足设定的规格，还可以评估磨损部件的故障机制。</p><p>这里显示的数据只代表了每个NANOVEA光学剖面仪所配备的高级分析软件所能进行的部分计算。</p><div> </div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%9c%ba%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e9%9b%b6%e4%bb%b6%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>摩擦磨损评估</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%90%b4%e9%94%ae%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fretting-wear-evaluation</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%90%b4%e9%94%ae%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 18:07:09 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9053</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%90%b4%e9%94%ae%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/">Fretting Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9053" class="elementor elementor-9053" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">摩擦磨损评估</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="236" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Evaluation-in-Aviation.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9055" alt="航空中的摩擦磨损评估" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">作者。</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">订正</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Jocelyn Esparza</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="345" height="613" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Evaluation-in-Mining-and-Metallurgy.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9056" alt="采矿和冶金业的摩擦磨损评估" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>微动是“一种特殊的磨损过程，发生在两种材料之间的接触区域，受振动或其他力的微小相对运动。”当机器在运行时，用螺栓或钉固定的连接处，不打算移动的部件之间，以及摆动的联轴器和轴承，不可避免地会发生振动。这种相对滑动运动的振幅通常在微米到毫米的数量级。这种重复的低振幅运动造成严重的局部机械磨损和表面材料转移，可能导致生产效率降低，机器性能甚至损坏机器。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">量化的重要性 <br>摩擦磨损评估</h2>				</div>
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									<p>微动磨损通常涉及接触表面发生的多种复杂磨损机制，包括二体磨损、粘附和/或微动疲劳磨损。为了了解微动磨损机理并选择最佳的微动磨损防护材料，需要可靠且定量的微动磨损评估。微动磨损行为受工作环境的显着影响，如位移幅度、法向载荷、腐蚀、温度、湿度和润滑等。多才多艺 <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪 </a>可以模拟不同的实际工作条件，将是微动磨损评估的理想选择。</p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">Steven R. Lampman，《ASM手册》。第19卷：疲劳和断裂</span><br /><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">http://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/693/fretting-wear</span></p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们评估了不锈钢SS304样品在不同振荡速度和温度下的摩擦磨损行为，以展示 <strong>纳诺威 T50</strong> 摩擦仪以良好的控制和监测方式模拟了金属的摩擦磨损过程。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t2000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="705" height="695" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Robust-Tribometer-Nanovea-T50.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9876" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试条件</h2>				</div>
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									<p>不锈钢SS304样品的抗摩擦磨损性是通过以下方式进行评估的 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 使用直线往复式磨损模块的摩擦仪。一个WC（直径6毫米）球被用作反面材料。磨损轨迹是用 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 三维非接触式轮廓仪。&nbsp;</p>
<p>摩擦试验是在室温（RT）和200&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>为了研究高温对SS304样品的抗摩擦磨损性的影响，在200摄氏度的温度下，样品台上的加热板对样品进行加热。在摩擦试验期间，样品台上的加热板将样品加热到200℃。&nbsp;<span style="color: rgb(77, 81, 86); font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C.磨损率。 <b>K</b>使用公式评估 <b>K=V/(F×s)</b>，其中 <b>V</b> 是磨损的体积。 <b>F</b> 是法向载荷，和 <b>s</b> 是滑动距离。</p>
<p>请注意，在本研究中使用WC球作为反面材料的例子。任何具有不同形状和表面处理的固体材料都可以使用定制的夹具来模拟实际应用情况。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试参数</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">的磨损测量</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="233" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Test-Parameters-Fretting-Wear.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9058" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果与讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>三维磨损轨迹剖面可以直接和准确地确定通过计算的磨损轨迹体积损失。 <i><b>NANOVEA</b></i> 分析软件。 </p><p>在100转/分的低速和室温下进行的往复式磨损试验显示出0.014毫米的小磨损轨迹<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>.相比之下，在1000转/分的高速下进行的摩擦磨损试验产生了一个大得多的磨损轨迹，体积为0.12毫米。<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>.这种加速的磨损过程可能是由于在摩擦磨损试验中产生的高热和强烈的振动，这促进了金属碎片的氧化，并导致严重的三体磨损。在200℃的高温下进行的摩擦磨损试验 <span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C形成了一个较大的磨损轨迹，为0.27毫米<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>.</p><p>在1000转/分的摩擦磨损试验中，磨损率为1.5×10<sup>-4</sup> 毫米<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>/Nm，与100rpm下的往复磨损试验相比，几乎是9倍。在高温下进行的摩擦磨损试验进一步加速了磨损率，达到3.4×10<sup>-4</sup> 毫米<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">³</span>/Nm。在不同的速度和温度下测得的耐磨性有如此大的差异，表明了正确模拟摩擦磨损对现实应用的重要性。</p><p>当测试条件的微小变化被引入摩擦系统时，磨损行为会发生巨大的变化。该系统的多功能性 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 摩擦仪可以测量各种条件下的磨损，包括高温、润滑、腐蚀和其他。通过先进的电机进行精确的速度和位置控制，用户可以在0.001到5000rpm的速度范围内进行磨损测试，使其成为研究/测试实验室研究不同摩擦学条件下的摩擦磨损的理想工具。</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f1cb13a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f1cb13a" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">不同条件下的摩擦磨损轨迹</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">在光学显微镜下</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="435" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-Tracks-at-Various-Conditions-10.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9059" alt="光学显微镜下不同条件下的摩擦磨损痕迹" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">三维磨损痕剖面图</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b>在基本理解方面提供更多的洞察力<br>的摩擦磨损机制</b></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="238" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3d-wear-track-profiles.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9060" alt="三维磨损轨道剖面图 - 节奏" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">磨损轨迹的结果汇总</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用不同的测试参数进行测量</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="311" height="612" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Fretting-Wear-in-Wind-Turbines.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9064" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了以下的能力 <b><i>NANOVEA </i></b>摩擦仪以良好的控制和定量的方式评估不锈钢SS304样品的摩擦磨损行为。&nbsp;</p>
<p>测试速度和温度对材料的抗摩擦磨损性起着关键作用。摩擦过程中的高热和强烈振动导致SS304样品的磨损大大加快，接近9倍。200℃的高温&nbsp;<span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif;">°</span>C进一步增加了磨损率至3.4×10<sup>-4</sup> 毫米<sup>3</sup>/Nm。&nbsp;</p><p>的多功能性。 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 摩擦仪使其成为测量各种条件下摩擦磨损的理想工具，包括高温、润滑、腐蚀和其他条件。</p>
<p><b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 摩擦仪采用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式，提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，在一个预集成系统中可选择高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。我们无与伦比的产品系列是确定薄或厚、软或硬的涂层、薄膜和基材的全部摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">现在就与专家讨论</span>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">快速获取价格和详细信息</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%90%b4%e9%94%ae%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/">Fretting Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>球轴承：高力耐磨性研究</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=ball-bearing-wear-resistance-using-macro-tribology</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 01 Jul 2020 18:59:15 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=8534</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>INTRODUCTION A ball bearing uses balls to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. The rolling balls between the bearing races produce much lower coefficient of friction (COF) compared to two flat surfaces sliding against each other. Ball bearings are often exposed to high contact stress levels, wear and extreme environmental conditions such [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://nanovea.com/App-Notes/Ball-Bearings-High-Force-Wear-Resistance-Study.pdf&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><br />
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<h2><em><strong>简介</strong></em></h2>
<p>球轴承使用球来减少旋转摩擦并支撑径向和轴向载荷。与两个相互滑动的平坦表面相比，轴承座圈之间的滚动球产生的摩擦系数 (COF) 要低得多。球轴承经常暴露在高接触应力水平、磨损和高温等极端环境条件下。因此，滚珠在高负载和极端环境条件下的耐磨性对于延长滚珠轴承的使用寿命、减少维修和更换的成本和时间至关重要。<br />
几乎所有涉及运动部件的应用中都可以找到滚珠轴承。它们通常用于航空航天和汽车等运输行业以及制造指尖陀螺和滑板等产品的玩具行业。</p>
<h2><em><strong>高负载下的滚珠轴承磨损评估</strong></em></h2>
<p>滚珠轴承可由多种材料制成。常用材料包括不锈钢和铬钢等金属或碳化钨 (WC) 和氮化硅 (Si3n4) 等陶瓷。为了确保制造的球轴承具有适合给定应用条件的所需耐磨性，需要在高负载下进行可靠的摩擦学评估。摩擦学测试有助于以受控和监测的方式量化和对比不同球轴承的磨损行为，从而为目标应用选择最佳候选轴承。</p>
<h2><em><strong>测量目标</strong></em></h2>
<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了 Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a> 作为比较不同球轴承在高载荷下耐磨性的理想工具。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg" alt="" width="877" height="617" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 1：轴承测试的设置。</em></h6>
<h2><em><strong>测试程序</strong></em></h2>
<p>通过 Nanovea Tribometer 评估不同材料制成的球轴承的摩擦系数、COF 和耐磨性。 P100 粒度砂纸用作计数器材料。使用仪器检查滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹 <strong>纳诺瓦</strong> 磨损测试结束后的 3D 非接触式轮廓仪。测试参数总结于表1中。磨损率， <strong>K</strong>使用公式评估 <strong>K=V/(F×s)</strong>，其中 <strong>V </strong>是磨损的体积。 <strong>F</strong> 是法向载荷和 <strong>s</strong> 是滑动距离。球磨损疤痕由 <strong>纳诺瓦</strong> 3D 非接触式轮廓仪可确保精确的磨损量测量。<br />
自动电动径向定位功能允许摩擦计在测试期间减小磨损轨迹的半径。这种测试模式称为螺旋测试，它确保滚珠轴承始终在砂纸的新表面上滑动（图 2）。它显着提高了球耐磨测试的重复性。先进的内部速度控制20位编码器和外部位置控制16位编码器提供精确的实时速度和位置信息，允许连续调节转速，以实现接触处恒定的线性滑动速度。<br />
请注意，本研究中使用 P100 粒度砂纸来简化各种球材料之间的磨损行为，并且可以用任何其他材料表面代替。可以替代任何固体材料来模拟各种材料联轴器在实际应用条件下（例如在液体或润滑剂中）的性能。<br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-12.png" alt="" width="293" height="280" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 2：砂纸上滚珠轴承的螺旋道次示意图。</em></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png" alt="" width="334" height="221" /></a></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>表 1：磨损测量的测试参数。</em></h6>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><em><strong>结果与讨论</strong></em></h2>
<p>磨损率是决定球轴承使用寿命的重要因素，而低摩擦系数则有助于提高轴承性能和效率。图 3 比较了测试过程中不同滚珠轴承相对于砂纸的 COF 变化。在磨损测试中，铬钢球的 COF 增加了约 0.4，而 SS440 和 Al2O3 球轴承的 COF 增加了约 0.32 和约 0.28。另一方面，WC 球在整个磨损测试中表现出恒定的 COF，约为 0.2。在每次测试中都可以看到可观察到的 COF 变化，这是由于滚珠轴承相对于粗糙砂纸表面的滑动引起的振动。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png" alt="" width="1078" height="853" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 3：磨损测试期间 COF 的演变。</em></h6>
<p>图 4 和图 5 比较了分别用光学显微镜和 Nanovea 非接触式光学轮廓仪测量后的滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹，表 2 总结了磨损轨迹分析的结果。 Nanovea 3D轮廓仪精确确定滚珠轴承的磨损量，从而可以计算和比较不同滚珠轴承的磨损率。可以看出，在磨损测试后，与陶瓷球（即 Al2O3 和 WC）相比，Cr 钢和 SS440 球表现出更大的扁平磨痕。铬钢和 SS440 球的磨损率相当，分别为 3.7×10-3 和 3.2×10-3 m3/N m。相比之下，Al2O3球的耐磨性增强，磨损率为7.2×10-4 m3/N·m。 WC球在浅磨损轨迹区域几乎没有出现轻微划痕，导致磨损率显着降低至3.3×10-6 mm3/N·m。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg" alt="" width="1068" height="896" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><i>图 4：测试后滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹。</i></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="974" height="717" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 5：球轴承上磨痕的 3D 形态。</em></h6>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-17.png" alt="" width="346" height="157" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>表 2：球轴承的磨损痕迹分析。</em></h6>
<p>图 6 显示了四个滚珠轴承在砂纸上产生的磨损痕迹的显微镜图像。很明显，WC 球产生了最严重的磨损轨迹（去除了其路径中几乎所有的沙粒）并且具有最好的耐磨性。相比之下，Cr钢和SS440球在砂纸的磨损轨迹上留下了大量的金属碎片。<br />
这些观察结果进一步证明了螺旋测试益处的重要性。它确保滚珠轴承始终在砂纸的新表面上滑动，从而显着提高耐磨测试的可重复性。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="995" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 6：砂纸上不同滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹。</em></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="792" /></a></p>
<h2><em><strong>结论</strong></em></h2>
<p>球轴承在高压下的耐磨性对其使用性能起着至关重要的作用。陶瓷球轴承在高应力条件下具有显着增强的耐磨性，并减少了轴承维修或更换的时间和成本。在这项研究中，与钢轴承相比，WC 球轴承表现出更高的耐磨性，使其成为发生严重磨损的轴承应用的理想选择。<br />
Nanovea 摩擦试验机设计具有高扭矩能力，可承受高达 2000 N 的负载，精确控制的电机可实现 0.01 至 15,000 rpm 的转速。它使用符合 ISO 和 ASTM 的旋转和线性模式提供可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的高温磨损和润滑模块。这一无与伦比的范围允许用户模拟滚珠轴承的不同严酷工作环境，包括高应力、磨损和高温等。它也是定量评估高级耐磨材料在高载荷下摩擦学行为的理想工具。<br />
Nanovea 3D 非接触式轮廓仪提供精确的磨损量测量，并作为分析磨损轨迹详细形态的工具，为磨损机制的基本理解提供更多见解。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">编写者<br />
李端杰博士、乔纳森·托马斯和皮埃尔·勒鲁</p><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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