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	<title>Andrew Shore, auteur à NANOVEA : Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing - (Profilomètres, tribomètres, nanoindeurs et tests de rayures avancés pour les essais de matériaux)</title>
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	<description>Instruments de métrologie pour la recherche sur les matériaux et le contrôle de la qualité</description>
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	<title>Andrew Shore, auteur à NANOVEA : Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing - (Profilomètres, tribomètres, nanoindeurs et tests de rayures avancés pour les essais de matériaux)</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 17:55:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26423</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Medical Device Tribology Nano-Friction and Wear Testing of Pacing Lead Insulation in Hanks’ Solution Tribological analysis of silicone and polyether-polyurethane endocardial lead materials Request Medical Device Wear Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction A pacemaker is a medical [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/">Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>Application Note | Medical Device Tribology</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction and Wear Testing of Pacing Lead Insulation in Hanks’ Solution</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tribological analysis of silicone and polyether-polyurethane endocardial lead materials</h2>				</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-wear-testing-pacing-lead-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26449" alt="Medical illustration of a pacemaker with two endocardial pacing leads routed into the heart for pacing lead insulation wear testing context" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Research &amp; Experimental Testing</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li, PhD</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Visual Design &amp; Editorial</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Andrew Shore</p>				</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introduction</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">A pacemaker is a medical device used to regulate heart rhythm and maintain an adequate heart rate. It is typically implanted in the chest or abdomen and sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle through endocardial pacing leads.</p>
As pacemakers remain a widely used treatment for cardiac rhythm disorders, the quality and service life of pacing leads are critical to long-term device performance. Lead failures can create serious risks for patients and may require surgical replacement, making <a href="https://nanovea.com/friction-wear-testing-lab-services/">pacing lead insulation wear testing</a> an important part of material evaluation for implantable cardiac devices.<sup>1–5</sup>								</div>
				</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1262" height="417" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/endocardial-pacing-leads-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26425" alt="Endocardial pacing leads with insulated lead bodies used in implantable cardiac devices" />															</div>
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									<p>Endocardial pacing leads transmit electrical impulses from a pacemaker to the heart while operating in a dynamic body-fluid environment.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Friction and Wear Matter for Endocardial Lead Insulation</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The outer insulation material of an endocardial lead requires several key properties, including biological inertness, high flexibility, fracture toughness, and long service life. Low friction can reduce interaction between the lead and the blood vessel, helping minimize vessel irritation during implantation and movement.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance is also critical. Endocardial leads experience continuous movement from the heart and surrounding body structures, while operating in a body-fluid environment that can influence friction, wear, and material response.</p><p>Because of this complex environment, endocardial lead insulation should be evaluated using <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">controlled tribological methods</a> that simulate relevant contact conditions. Testing in Hanks’ solution allows the friction and wear behavior of lead insulation materials to be compared under a simulated body-fluid condition rather than relying only on dry testing.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1200" height="598" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-test-setup-pacing-lead-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26426" alt="Nano-friction test setup for measuring pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Nano-friction test setup used to evaluate endocardial pacing lead insulation materials under low-load contact conditions.</p>								</div>
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		</section>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Objectif de la mesure</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">This study compares the nano-friction and wear behavior of endocardial pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution. Silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials were evaluated to determine how each material responds under simulated body-fluid conditions.</p><p>Low-load nano-friction testing was performed using the Nano Module of the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">Testeur mécanique NANOVEA</a> to measure coefficient of friction at controlled contact force. Reciprocating wear testing was then performed using a <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">NANOVEA Tribometer</a> to compare wear resistance under linear sliding contact.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 Grande plate-forme</span>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Principle</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction Measurement Principle</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Nano-friction testing measures the coefficient of friction (COF) between the test surface and a controlled counter material under very low applied load. In this study, the indenter made contact with the pacing lead insulation surface while the Nano Module maintained a constant load throughout the measurement.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The Nano Module uses a fast piezoelectric system and load cell to adjust the ball position and keep the applied load stable during sliding. The sample is moved at a controlled speed while lateral force is measured and plotted against displacement.</p><p>A stainless steel ball with a 6 mm diameter is commonly used for this type of measurement, although other counter materials, shapes, and sizes can be selected to simulate different contact conditions. This allows pacing lead insulation materials to be evaluated under controlled low-load friction conditions relevant to biomedical device applications.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="621" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-measurement-principle-schematic.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26433" alt="Schematic of the nano-friction measurement principle showing a ball-tip indenter under controlled constant load, a capacitive depth sensor, non-destructive load, and reciprocating sample motion on a friction spring table" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Nano-friction measurement schematic showing controlled low-load sliding contact and lateral force measurement during reciprocating motion.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Reciprocating Wear Principle</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Reciprocating wear testing evaluates material response under repeated linear sliding contact. A flat or spherical counter material is loaded against the test sample with a precisely known force, while the sample moves back and forth in a controlled reciprocating motion.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The counter material, such as a pin or ball, is mounted on a stiff lever that functions as a low-friction force transducer. As the sample moves, frictional forces between the counter material and the sample are measured using a strain gauge sensor on the tribometer arm.</p><p>After the test, the resulting wear track can be examined to compare material damage, wear scar geometry, and surface response. This method allows friction and wear behavior to be studied under controlled conditions, including variations in time, contact pressure, sliding speed, temperature, humidity, and lubrication environment.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="557" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/reciprocating-wear-principle-schematic.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26434" alt="Schematic of the reciprocating wear principle showing adjustable weights, tribometer arm, pin or ball holder, strain gauge, sample stage, linear wear track, and linear reciprocating motion" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Linear reciprocating wear schematic showing a pin or ball counterface sliding across the sample to generate a wear track under controlled load.</p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dfb35d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="dfb35d7" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Procédure d'essai</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The coefficient of friction (COF) of the pacing lead materials was measured against a stainless steel 440 ball with a 6 mm diameter. Testing was performed using the Nano Module of the Nanovea Mechanical Tester.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The sample was immersed in Hanks’ solution to simulate a body-fluid environment. A low applied load of 50 mN was maintained throughout the test, while the ball slid against the lead surface at a constant speed of 20 mm/min over a total sliding distance of 10 mm.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance was evaluated using a Nanovea Tribometer with the Linear Reciprocating Wear Module. During the wear test, a stainless steel 303 block measuring 10 × 10 mm² was used as the counter material, and the coefficient of friction was recorded in situ at 0.1 s intervals.</p><p>After testing, the resulting wear tracks were examined under an optical microscope to compare surface damage on the silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials. Stainless steel was used as the counter material in this study; however, custom fixtures and alternative counter materials can be used to simulate specific application conditions.</p>								</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Sample</td>
<td>Leads made of silicone or polyether-polyurethane (PP)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Normal force</td>
<td>1 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vitesse</td>
<td>200 cycles/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Duration of test</td>
<td>5 h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Environnement</td>
<td>Hanks’ solution</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Wear test parameters used to evaluate silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in Hanks’ solution.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Résultats et discussion</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction Test</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The nano-friction behavior of the silicone and polyether-polyurethane (PP) pacing lead materials was first evaluated using the Nano Module of the Nanovea Mechanical Tester. The coefficient of friction was measured in both dry conditions and Hanks’ solution to compare material response under ambient and simulated body-fluid environments.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Both materials showed significantly lower coefficient of friction in Hanks’ solution than under dry conditions. In Hanks’ solution, the silicone lead exhibited a COF of approximately 0.15, while the polyether-polyurethane lead exhibited a lower COF of approximately 0.05. Under dry conditions, the values were substantially higher, at approximately 0.6 for silicone and 0.5 for polyether-polyurethane.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">These results demonstrate the importance of testing pacing lead insulation materials under application-relevant environmental conditions. Hanks’ solution had a strong effect on the measured friction behavior, showing that dry testing alone may not represent the tribological response of lead insulation materials in a simulated body-fluid environment.</p><p>The low-load control of the Nano Module allowed the applied force to remain constant at 50 mN during the measurement. This enabled controlled simulation of low-contact-force interaction between the lead material and surrounding biological structures.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="817" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/pacing-lead-insulation-coefficient-of-friction-hanks-solution.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26435" alt="Graph comparing coefficient of friction of silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in dry conditions and Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Coefficient of friction comparison for silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in dry conditions and Hanks’ solution.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f64c74c" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Wear Test</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance was evaluated using a Nanovea Tribometer to compare the silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in Hanks’ solution. After testing, the lead surfaces were examined visually and under optical microscopy to compare the extent of wear damage.</p>
<p class="isSelectedEnd">The silicone lead showed a large wear scar with a width of approximately 1.2 mm. Microscopic observation indicated severe wear on the silicone lead, with parallel deep grooves formed along the movement direction of the rubbing block.</p>
<p class="isSelectedEnd">In comparison, the polyether-polyurethane lead showed a narrower wear scar of approximately 0.6 mm. The observed wear was milder, with only several small scratches visible on the shallow surface.</p>
Wear of the lead outer insulation can contribute to pacing and sensing abnormalities, making wear resistance an important factor in endocardial lead material selection.<sup>6</sup> These results indicate that polyether-polyurethane provided lower friction and better wear resistance than silicone under the tested conditions.								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ad7433 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5ad7433" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>Before-and-after wear comparison of silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surfaces, including 400x microscope images showing more severe wear on silicone and milder wear on polyether-polyurethane.</p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-baa9b12 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="baa9b12" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="895" height="550" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-before-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26437" alt="Silicone pacing lead surface before wear testing in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Silicone pacing lead surface before reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="895" height="550" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-before-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26438" alt="Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface before wear testing in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface before reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c1e5fb elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4c1e5fb" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="884" height="562" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-after-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26439" alt="Silicone pacing lead surface after wear testing showing a large wear scar" />															</div>
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									<p>Silicone pacing lead surface after wear testing, showing a pronounced wear scar.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="884" height="562" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-after-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26440" alt="Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface after wear testing showing a smaller wear scar" />															</div>
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									<p>Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface after reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-768f86a elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="768f86a" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="874" height="649" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-after-wear-400x.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26441" alt="Microscope image at 400x magnification showing severe wear grooves on silicone pacing lead surface" />															</div>
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									<p>400x microscope image of the silicone pacing lead after wear testing, showing deep parallel wear grooves.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="874" height="649" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-after-wear-400x.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26442" alt="Microscope image at 400x magnification showing mild wear on polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface" />															</div>
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									<p>400x microscope image of the polyether-polyurethane pacing lead after wear testing, showing comparatively mild surface wear.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">This study demonstrated the use of low-load nano-friction testing and reciprocating wear testing to evaluate endocardial pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution. The Nano Module of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester measured coefficient of friction under controlled low-load contact, while the NANOVEA Tribometer simulated wear behavior under reciprocating sliding motion.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Testing in Hanks’ solution showed a clear difference between silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials. Polyether-polyurethane exhibited lower coefficient of friction and better wear resistance than silicone under the tested conditions, making it the stronger candidate for the outer insulation material of endocardial pacing leads in this study.</p><p>These results highlight the importance of evaluating biomedical materials under application-relevant environments rather than relying only on dry testing. Controlled nano-friction and tribology testing can help compare candidate materials, quantify friction response, and evaluate wear resistance for implantable medical device components.</p><p>The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester&#8217;s Nano, Micro, and Macro modules operate within a single ISO and ASTM compliant platform, enabling consistent evaluation of hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and wear from a single system. The NANOVEA Tribometer similarly supports rotative and linear wear modes with optional high-temperature, corrosion, and liquid environment modules.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cee3530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cee3530" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Références</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Magney JE, Flynn DM, Parsons JA, Staplin DH, Chin-Purcell MV, Milstein S, Hunter DW. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993; 16:445–457.</em><br /><em>[2] Jacobs DM, Fink AS, Miller RP, Anderson WR, McVenes RD, Lessar JF, Cobian KE, et al. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993; 16:434–444.<br />[3] Gupta K, Villareal RP, Rasekh A, Massumi A. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003; 30:84–85.<br />[4] Magney JE, Parsons JA, Flynn DM, Hunter DW. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1995; 18:1509–1517.<br />[5] Kazama S, Nishiyama K, Machii M, Tanaka K, Amano T, Nomura T, Ohuchi M, et al. Jpn Heart J. 1993; 34:193–200.<br />[6] Andrzej K, Barbara M, Agnieszka K, Marcin G. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013; 36(12):1503–1511.<br /></em></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a2dee8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you evaluate friction and wear behavior of pacing lead insulation?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Pacing lead insulation can be evaluated using low-load friction testing and reciprocating wear testing. These methods measure coefficient of friction, wear scar formation, and surface damage under controlled load, motion, and environmental conditions.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is low-load friction testing important for endocardial leads?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Endocardial leads operate under relatively low contact forces while interacting with blood vessels, tissue, and surrounding structures. Low-load friction testing helps evaluate how insulation materials behave under contact conditions that are closer to the application than high-force mechanical testing alone.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction indicate in pacing lead material testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coefficient of friction indicates how much resistance occurs during sliding contact between the lead insulation and a counter material. In this study, lower COF values in Hanks’ solution showed that the test environment had a strong effect on the measured friction behavior of silicone and polyether-polyurethane materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why compare silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead insulation materials?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Silicone and polyether-polyurethane are commonly considered for flexible biomedical insulation applications because they can provide different combinations of flexibility, durability, and surface response. Comparing them under the same test conditions helps identify which material provides lower friction and better wear resistance for the intended application.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Which NANOVEA instruments are used for low-load friction and wear testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Low-load coefficient of friction can be measured using the Nano Module of a NANOVEA Mechanical Tester, while reciprocating wear behavior can be evaluated using a NANOVEA Tribometer. Together, these systems allow controlled evaluation of friction, wear, and material response for biomedical components.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How is reciprocating wear testing used for pacing lead materials?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Reciprocating wear testing repeatedly slides a counter material across the sample surface under controlled load to create and evaluate a wear track. For pacing lead insulation materials, this allows comparison of wear scar width, surface damage, and material durability under simulated sliding contact.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Medical Device Friction and Wear Testing?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/">Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 20:27:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26347</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; 3D Optical Profilometry Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis Using 3D Optical Profilometry Measuring Texture, Porosity, and Topography on Bouldering Holds Request Surface Roughness Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Walter Alabiso, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Bouldering is a demanding discipline that combines physical strength, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/">Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26347" class="elementor elementor-26347" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | 3D Optical Profilometry</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis-using-3d-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26350" alt="Bouldering holds analyzed for climbing hold surface roughness using 3D optical profilometry." />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD</p>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introduction</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Bouldering is a demanding discipline that combines physical strength, precise body positioning, and an understanding of how the human body interacts with climbing surfaces. On slab routes, where the wall is angled below vertical and positive holds are limited or absent, a climber&#8217;s stability depends almost entirely on the tribological interaction between the body and the climbing hold surface.</p><p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Climbing hold surface roughness plays a central role in this contact. Roughness provides the microtexture needed for smearing, a technique where high-friction rubber soles are pressed firmly against the surface to expand the effective contact area and generate adherence. A similar mechanism occurs at the fingers, where the ridges of fingerprints and the pliability of skin deform slightly against the hold&#8217;s surface features, creating grip through microscopic interlocking.</p><p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Porosity contributes to grip performance by absorbing moisture, sweat, or chalk at the contact interface, preventing the formation of a thin lubricating film that would reduce friction. Micro-cracks and surface flaws act as additional friction points, helping the climber maintain lateral tension against the hold surface. Because these features (roughness, porosity, and surface morphology) operate at different scales and interact differently depending on the hold, quantitative <a class="underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current" href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">3D surface measurement</a> is essential for comparing how different climbing hold textures perform under real contact conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="857" height="268" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/climbing-hold-samples-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26354" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Bouldering grips used to compare surface roughness, pore morphology, and grip-related topography.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Use Non-Contact Profilometry for Climbing Hold Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Climbing holds and rock-like surfaces can include deep pores, steep asperities, sharp valleys, and irregular texture. These features are difficult to measure accurately with contact-based profilometry because a physical stylus can lose contact, deform local surface features, or fail to reach narrow cavities.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">NANOVEA’s non-contact optical profilometry uses chromatic light technology to capture surface height data without touching the sample. This makes it suitable for reconstructing complex climbing hold topography, including deep nooks, pores, and surface flaws, while avoiding measurement artifacts caused by local plastic deformation.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Dans cette étude, le <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profiler</a> was used to measure two bouldering grips: a yellow block with a smoother, flatter surface and a green block with a rougher tactile texture. Both samples were scanned using a PS4-MG35 single-point optical sensor with a 3000 µm Z-range and a 4 µm acquisition step in X and Y.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Dual-frequency acquisition was used to reduce light sensor saturation from localized bright spots on the grip surfaces, allowing the profiler to capture roughness and pore morphology across the scanned areas.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Objectif de la mesure</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The objective of this study was to demonstrate how non-contact 3D optical profilometry can be used to reconstruct and compare the surface roughness, topography, and pore morphology of climbing holds.</p><p>Two bouldering grip samples were analyzed: a yellow hold with a smoother, flatter surface and a blue hold with a rougher tactile texture and sharper grip features. The analysis focused on surface height variation, areal roughness parameters, pore coverage, pore size, pore depth, and functional surface behavior.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="817" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/jr25-optical-profilometer-climbing-hold-surface-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26365" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>The NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profilometer measuring the climbing hold samples using an optical sensor.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profiler was used to measure the yellow and blue bouldering grip samples. Each surface was scanned with a PS4-MG35 single-point optical sensor with an enhanced 3000 µm Z-range, allowing the system to capture deep pores, sharp valleys, and irregular surface texture while maintaining a 4 µm acquisition step in X and Y.</p><p>Dual-frequency acquisition was used to reduce light sensor saturation from localized bright spots on the grip surfaces, improving data capture across rough, porous, and uneven areas.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span></p><p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">Profilomètre optique</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-jr25-portable-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25699" alt="NANOVEA JR25 portable optical profilometer for non-contact surface measurement" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Paramètres d'essai</h2>				</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
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<th>Measurement Setting</th>
<th>Optical Profilometry Setup</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Samples measured</td>
<td>Yellow and blue bouldering grip samples</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Optical pen</td>
<td>PS4-MG35</td>
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<tr>
<td>Z-range</td>
<td>3000 µm</td>
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<tr>
<td>Scan area</td>
<td>5.00 mm × 5.00 mm</td>
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<tr>
<td>X-step size</td>
<td>4.00 µm</td>
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<tr>
<td>Y-step size</td>
<td>4.00 µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Averaging</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Measurement type</td>
<td>Direct</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Acquisition mode</td>
<td>Dual frequency</td>
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<tr>
<td>Acquisition rate</td>
<td>100–400 Hz</td>
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<tr>
<td>Light intensity</td>
<td>100%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Optical profilometry test conditions used to measure the bouldering grip samples.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8199c49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8199c49" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Yellow Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The 3D rendering below shows the reconstructed surface topography of the yellow climbing grip sample.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="736" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-3d-surface-topography-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26375" alt="3D optical profilometry reconstruction of the yellow climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and surface height variation." />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A total least-squares plane was removed to study surface properties. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm was applied following ISO 25178 (1/2 cut-off removed at each side). However, the sharp density of pores and asperities and the elevated average roughness make the use of a Gaussian L-filter (8 mm cut off) inapplicable. Therefore, the primary surface was considered, and the roughness parameters are listed in the table below, alongside the 2D false-color map of the filtered surface.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb7f23e elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="eb7f23e" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="724" height="570" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-surface-roughness-map-iso-25178.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26376" alt="False-color optical profilometry surface roughness map of the yellow climbing grip sample with ISO 25178 height parameters." />															</div>
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<table class="iso-roughness-table">
<tbody><!-- Filter Settings -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">ISO 25178-2 – Primary Surface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm, 1/2 cut-off</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>F-operation:</strong> [Workflow] Leveled (TLSPL)</td>
</tr>
<!-- Height Parameters Header -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td>
</tr>
<!-- Height Parameter Rows -->
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sq</td>
<td>168.970</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur racine carrée moyenne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Ssk</td>
<td>-0.927</td>
<td></td>
<td>Skewness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">UGS</td>
<td>4.117</td>
<td></td>
<td>Kurtosis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sp</td>
<td>320.530</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur maximale du pic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sv</td>
<td>868.116</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Maximum pit depth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sz</td>
<td>1188.645</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur maximale</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sa</td>
<td>132.953</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur moyenne arithmétique</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p>The average surface roughness <em>Sa</em> is 132.953 µm, whereas the peak-to-valley roughness, <em>Sz</em> amounts to 1188.645 µm. The surface morphology is skewed towards deep valleys (<em>Ssk</em> &lt; 0, <em>Sv</em> &gt; <em>Sp</em>), with a leptokurtotic (<em>UGS</em> &gt; 3) distribution of peaks and valleys relative to the average plane.</p><p>The following picture shows a 2D photo-simulation of the area under artificial lighting, highlighting the region’s morphology.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="692" height="692" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-2d-photo-simulation-surface-morphology-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26378" alt="2D photo simulation of the yellow climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and morphology under artificial lighting." />															</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pore Morphology Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A pore analysis was performed across the full scanned area using a semi-automated edge-detection algorithm. The analysis identified recessed surface features to quantify pore coverage, pore density, radius, void volume, and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="746" height="538" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-pore-detection-settings.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26379" alt="Pore detection analysis of the yellow climbing grip surface using semi-automated edge detection to identify recessed surface features." />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The detected pore locations were then mapped across the scanned 5 mm × 5 mm area to evaluate pore coverage, density, and size distribution.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="981" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-pore-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26380" alt="Pore distribution map of the yellow climbing grip sample showing detected recessed surface features across a 5 mm by 5 mm scanned area." />															</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table pore-info-table"><tbody><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="2">Information</td></tr><tr><td>Method</td><td>Circle detection</td></tr><tr><td>Features detected</td><td>Pores, recessed objects</td></tr><tr><td>Minimum detection diameter</td><td>0.150 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum detection diameter</td><td>2.000 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Number of detected pores</td><td>206</td></tr><tr><td>Surface coverage</td><td>47.395%</td></tr><tr><td>Pore density</td><td>8.203 particles/mm²</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="measurement-table pore-statistics-table" style="width: 114%;"><tbody><tr class="section-header"><td style="width: 131.537%;" colspan="6">Global Statistics</td></tr><tr><th style="width: 58.8822%;">Parameter</th><th style="width: 1.99601%;">Unit</th><th style="width: 20.9581%;">Mean</th><th style="width: 20.9581%;">Std. Dev.</th><th style="width: 16.3673%;">Min</th><th style="width: 12.3752%;">Max</th></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">Rayon</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">mm</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.127</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.049</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">0.076</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">0.275</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">Void volume</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm³</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">4,724,770.705</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">6,748,143.925</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">23,594.172</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">4.422 × 10⁷</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">Maximum depth</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">173.729</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">94.942</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">28.153</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">716.480</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70adb50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="70adb50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>Pores covered nearly half of the yellow grip’s scanned surface, with a measured coverage of 47.395% and a pore density of 8.203 particles/mm². The detected pores and cracks were highly heterogeneous in size, volume, and depth, ranging from large crater-like features with a maximum radius of 0.275 mm and void volume above 4.4 × 10⁷ µm³ to smaller pores with a minimum radius of 0.076 mm and void volume of 23,594.172 µm³. This uneven pore distribution is reflected in the large standard deviation measured for void volume and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-822ef9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="822ef9e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Functional Surface Parameters (Abbott-Firestone curve)</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-389b11b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="389b11b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The Abbott-Firestone curve shows the cumulative areal material distribution of the yellow climbing grip sample. This analysis defines functional surface parameters including Sk, Spk, and Svk according to ISO 25178-2.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9a2ccd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="9a2ccd8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="718" height="631" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-abbott-firestone-curve.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26382" alt="Abbott-Firestone curve for the yellow climbing grip sample showing cumulative areal material distribution and functional surface parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e47c226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e47c226" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table">
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="3">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Standard</td>
<td colspan="2">ISO 25178-2</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameter</td>
<td>Value</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Sk</td>
<td>409.738</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Spk</td>
<td>45.480</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Svk</td>
<td>233.446</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Smrk1</td>
<td>3.976</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Smrk2</td>
<td>85.005</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5db46d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5db46d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The chart below shows the peak-valley distribution from the mean plane based on the functional parameters derived from the Abbott-Firestone curve. Valleys are shown in purple, the mean plane in green, and peaks in orange.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-77b55b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="77b55b9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="741" height="604" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-peak-valley-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26383" alt="Peak-valley distribution map of the yellow climbing grip sample showing valleys, mean plane regions, and peaks derived from Abbott-Firestone functional parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-551f337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="551f337" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table functional-distribution-table" style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width:42%;">
<col style="width:10%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="5">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>1st threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c1: 229.209 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>2nd threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c2: -180.424 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameters</td>
<td>Unit</td>
<td style="background-color:#7e01ff; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#b3ffb4; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#ff9e02; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>14.995</td>
<td>81.029</td>
<td>3.976</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area</td>
<td>mm²</td>
<td>3.772</td>
<td>20.381</td>
<td>1.000</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>97.451</td>
<td>48.100</td>
<td>0.973</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material</td>
<td>µm³</td>
<td>1.684 × 10¹⁰</td>
<td>4.956 × 10⁹</td>
<td>2.275 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe91421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="fe91421" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The yellow grip sample shows a dominant mean-plane region with scattered recessed pores and a smaller population of raised peaks. This indicates a surface texture characterized mainly by average-sized pores distributed across the scanned area.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6abce6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6abce6c" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-630de9a" data-id="630de9a" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-571dd6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="571dd6b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Blue Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c546dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c546dbd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b74a93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8b74a93" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The 3D rendering below shows the reconstructed surface topography of the blue climbing grip sample.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-239beeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="239beeb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="736" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-3d-surface-topography-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26384" alt="3D optical profilometry reconstruction of the blue climbing grip surface showing roughness, pores, asperities, and surface height variation." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-43cd059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="43cd059" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A total least-squares plane was removed to evaluate the blue grip’s surface properties. An S-Gaussian 2.5 µm roughness filter was applied following ISO 25178, with 1/2 cut-off removed at each side.</p><p data-start="548" data-end="837">Because of the dense pores, asperities, and elevated average roughness, a Gaussian L-filter with an 8 mm cut-off was not applied. The primary surface was used for roughness analysis, with the roughness parameters listed alongside the 2D false-color map of the filtered surface.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-88688d5 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="88688d5" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-78cf89b" data-id="78cf89b" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-210e196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="210e196" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="716" height="548" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-surface-roughness-map-iso-25178.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26385" alt="False-color optical profilometry surface roughness map of the blue climbing grip sample with ISO 25178 height parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f1e5606" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper">
<table class="iso-roughness-table">
<tbody><!-- Filter Settings -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">ISO 25178-2 – Primary Surface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm, 1/2 cut-off</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>F-operation:</strong> [Workflow] Leveled (TLSPL)</td>
</tr>

<!-- Height Parameters Header -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td>
</tr>

<!-- Height Parameter Rows -->
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sq</td>
<td>211.440</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur racine carrée moyenne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Ssk</td>
<td>-0.682</td>
<td></td>
<td>Skewness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">UGS</td>
<td>3.672</td>
<td></td>
<td>Kurtosis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sp</td>
<td>522.404</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur maximale du pic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sv</td>
<td>720.164</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Maximum pit depth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sz</td>
<td>1242.568</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur maximale</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sa</td>
<td>166.719</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Hauteur moyenne arithmétique</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-407a4b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="407a4b6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>The blue grip sample had an average surface roughness, Sa, of 166.719 µm and a peak-to-valley roughness, Sz, of 1242.568 µm. The negative skewness value, Ssk <span class="ͼz">&amp;lt;</span> 0, indicates that the surface morphology is skewed toward deep valleys, while Sv <span class="ͼz">&amp;gt;</span> Sp shows that the maximum pit depth exceeded the maximum peak height.</p><p>The kurtosis value, Sku <span class="ͼz">&amp;gt;</span> 3, indicates a leptokurtotic height distribution, meaning the blue grip surface contains sharper or more extreme peaks and valleys relative to the average plane.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-38d40ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="38d40ca" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>The 2D photo simulation below highlights the blue climbing grip’s surface morphology under artificial lighting.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f8cdb9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="f8cdb9b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="692" height="692" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-2d-photo-simulation-surface-morphology.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26386" alt="2D photo simulation of the blue climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and morphology under artificial lighting." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c7e2f9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c7e2f9e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pore Morphology Analysis</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-94c30f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="94c30f7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A pore analysis was performed across the full scanned area using a semi-automated edge-detection algorithm. The analysis identified recessed surface features to quantify pore coverage, pore density, radius, void volume, and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-66fadb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="66fadb4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="746" height="538" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-pore-detection-settings.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26387" alt="Pore detection analysis of the blue climbing grip surface using semi-automated edge detection to identify recessed surface features." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b7176fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b7176fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The detected pore locations were mapped across the scanned 5 mm × 5 mm area to evaluate pore coverage, density, and size distribution.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dc2114f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="dc2114f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="970" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-pore-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26388" alt="Pore distribution map of the blue climbing grip sample showing detected recessed surface features across a 5 mm by 5 mm scanned area." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c209fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c209fcb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table pore-info-table">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="2">Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Method</td>
<td>Circle detection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Features detected</td>
<td>Pores, recessed objects</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Minimum detection diameter</td>
<td>0.040 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Maximum detection diameter</td>
<td>2.000 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Number of detected pores</td>
<td>794</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Surface coverage</td>
<td>24.208%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pore density</td>
<td>31.355 particles/mm²</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table class="measurement-table pore-statistics-table" style="width: 114%;">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td style="width: 131.537%;" colspan="6">Global Statistics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 58.8822%;">Parameter</th>
<th style="width: 1.99601%;">Unit</th>
<th style="width: 20.9581%;">Mean</th>
<th style="width: 20.9581%;">Std. Dev.</th>
<th style="width: 16.3673%;">Min</th>
<th style="width: 12.3752%;">Max</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">Rayon</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">mm</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.035</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.035</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">0.020</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">0.218</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">Void volume</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm³</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">821,872.849</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">2,495,310.021</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">11,009.819</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">2.929 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">Maximum depth</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">476.053</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">305.830</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">16.132</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">1044.045</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c700b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c700b93" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>Pores covered 24.208% of the blue grip’s scanned surface, with a pore density of 31.355 particles/mm². The detected pores and cracks were highly heterogeneous in size, volume, and depth, ranging from large crater-like features with a maximum radius of 0.218 mm and void volume greater than 2.9 × 10⁷ µm³ to small pores with a minimum radius of 0.020 mm and void volume of approximately 1.1 × 10⁴ µm³.</p><p>This uneven distribution is reflected in the large standard deviation measured for void volume and maximum depth. The pore distribution is bimodal, with one population of fine, deep pores and another population of larger crater-like valleys.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0883edf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0883edf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Functional Surface Parameters (Abbott-Firestone curve)</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aaf1bcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="aaf1bcc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The Abbott-Firestone curve shows the cumulative areal material distribution of the blue climbing grip sample. This analysis defines functional surface parameters including Sk, Spk, and Svk according to ISO 25178-2.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c84d965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c84d965" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="714" height="630" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-abbott-firestone-curve.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26392" alt="Abbott-Firestone curve for the blue climbing grip sample showing cumulative areal material distribution and functional surface parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3dacae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="3dacae3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="3">Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Standard</td>
<td colspan="2">ISO 25178-2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameter</td>
<td>Value</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sk</td>
<td>522.359</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Spk</td>
<td>117.670</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Svk</td>
<td>295.209</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Smrk1</td>
<td>6.122</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Smrk2</td>
<td>87.456</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1fe251a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1fe251a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The chart below shows the peak-valley distribution from the mean plane based on the functional parameters derived from the Abbott-Firestone curve. Valleys are shown in purple, the mean plane in green, and peaks in orange.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af3217e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="af3217e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="741" height="604" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-peak-valley-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26399" alt="Peak-valley distribution map of the blue climbing grip sample showing valleys, mean-plane regions, and peaks derived from Abbott-Firestone functional parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f355923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f355923" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table functional-distribution-table" style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width:42%;">
<col style="width:10%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="5">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>1st threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c1: 283.646 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>2nd threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c2: -238.619 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameters</td>
<td>Unit</td>
<td style="background-color:#7e01ff; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#b3ffb4; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#ff9e02; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>12.544</td>
<td>81.334</td>
<td>6.122</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area</td>
<td>mm²</td>
<td>3.182</td>
<td>20.629</td>
<td>1.553</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>96.079</td>
<td>48.546</td>
<td>1.514</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material</td>
<td>µm³</td>
<td>1.151 × 10¹⁰</td>
<td>6.431 × 10⁹</td>
<td>9.142 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c2d21ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c2d21ef" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The blue grip sample shows a dominant mean-plane region with fine, deep pores distributed across the surface and localized peak features. Compared with the yellow grip, the blue grip contains a higher projected peak area and a bimodal pore structure, combining fine recessed pores with larger crater-like valleys.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness, topography, and pore morphology of yellow and blue bouldering grip samples.</p><p>Topographic analysis showed that both grip samples had high surface roughness, with Sa values above 100 µm and Sz values above 1000 µm. Both surfaces also showed an asymmetric height distribution skewed toward valleys, indicating that recessed features played a major role in the measured surface morphology.</p><p>The yellow grip sample showed higher pore coverage, with pores covering 47.395% of the scanned surface. Its surface was mainly characterized by average-sized pores distributed across the measured area.</p><p>The blue grip sample showed lower pore coverage at 24.208%, but a much higher pore density of 31.355 particles/mm². Its pore distribution was bimodal, with a population of fine, deep pores and a separate population of larger crater-like valleys.</p><p>These results show how non-contact 3D optical profilometry can quantify climbing hold surface features that are difficult to evaluate from visual inspection alone, including roughness, pore coverage, pore depth, surface height distribution, and functional topography. The blue grip&#8217;s higher porosity and bimodal pore structure make it more likely to absorb moisture and chalk at the contact interface, while its elevated roughness and surface morphology support stable friction for shoe rubber and finger contact. The yellow grip&#8217;s lower roughness and flatter profile suggest it is better suited for use as a foothold in slab climbing, where broad surface contact matters more than deep textural engagement.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
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					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a2dee8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Climbing Hold Surface Roughness</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is climbing hold surface roughness?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Climbing hold surface roughness describes the height variation, texture, pores, asperities, and valleys present on the surface of a climbing grip. These features can influence contact behavior between the hold, shoe rubber, skin, chalk, and moisture.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can climbing hold surface roughness be measured?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Climbing hold surface roughness can be measured using non-contact 3D optical profilometry. This method reconstructs the surface topography and calculates areal roughness parameters such as Sa, Sz, Sp, Sv, Ssk, and Sku without touching or deforming the sample.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use non-contact optical profilometry for climbing hold analysis?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e60fcb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e60fcb6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Non-contact optical profilometry is useful for climbing hold analysis because climbing grips can contain deep pores, sharp valleys, rough asperities, and irregular surface texture. A contact stylus may lose contact, fail to reach recessed features, or introduce artifacts on complex surfaces.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2ae518f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2ae518f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does Sa mean in surface roughness analysis?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d77659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1d77659" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Sa is the arithmetic mean height of a surface and is commonly used to describe average areal surface roughness. In this app note, both climbing grip samples showed high Sa values above 100 µm, indicating strongly textured surfaces.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3d372dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does Sz mean in optical profilometry results?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b1dd455" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Sz is the maximum height of the measured surface, calculated from the highest peak to the deepest valley. In climbing hold surface roughness analysis, Sz helps describe the full vertical range of the grip’s surface texture.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5cbc604" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is pore morphology important for climbing grips?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-82a2d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="82a2d66" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Pore morphology can affect how a climbing grip interacts with chalk, sweat, humidity, skin, and shoe rubber. Measuring pore coverage, density, depth, and volume helps quantify surface features that are difficult to evaluate by visual inspection alone.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
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					</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/">Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:57:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26271</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Stent Coating Adhesion Testing Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents Request Coating Adhesion Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Blood is carried through arteries from [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</p>								</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Andrew Shore</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introduction</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">Blood is carried through arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Any weakening or blockage of these vessels can pose significant health risks and may become life-threatening. A stent is a small mesh tube inserted into the lumen of a blood vessel to treat narrowed or weakened arteries. Stent implantation is now a widely used procedure to support the arterial wall and restore blood flowᶦ.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="320" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/medical-stent-mesh-structure-metal-stent-geometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26304" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Metal stent mesh geometry illustrating the structural complexity of vascular implant design.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why coating adhesion matters in drug-eluting stents</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in stent technology. They incorporate a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer coating that enables controlled drug release at the arterial site, helping to inhibit intimal thickening and reduce the risk of restenosisᶦᶦ.</p><p data-start="1056" data-end="1284">A critical concern in these systems is the delamination of the polymer coating from the metallic stent substrate. This coating carries the drug-eluting layer, and its adhesion directly impacts device performance and reliability.</p><p data-start="1286" data-end="1537">To improve coating adhesion, stents are often designed with complex geometries. In this study, the polymer coating is located at the bottom of grooves within the stent mesh. This configuration presents a significant challenge for adhesion measurement.</p><p data-start="1539" data-end="1795">A reliable method is required to quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength between the polymer coating and the metal substrate. The small diameter of the stent mesh, comparable to a human hair, combined with its three-dimensional geometry, requires:</p><ul data-start="1796" data-end="1916"><li data-section-id="1n0qc6y" data-start="1796" data-end="1834">ultrafine X-Y positioning accuracy</li><li data-section-id="1003zy" data-start="1835" data-end="1870">precise control of applied load</li><li data-section-id="q3r43w" data-start="1871" data-end="1916">accurate depth measurement during testing</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> En savoir plus sur <a href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/">nanoindentation and scratch testing lab services for coating adhesion and failure analysis</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6911f48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="267" data-end="454">Nano scratch testing is performed using the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">NANOVEA PB1000 Essai mécanique</a>, in Nano Scratch Mode, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal mesh of stent samples.</p><p data-start="460" data-end="648">Controlled scratch measurements are carried out on stent geometries with dimensions comparable to a human hair, enabling precise evaluation of coating adhesion on complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d556682 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d556682" data-element_type="section">
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 Advanced</span></p><p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">Testeur Méchanique</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanoindenter-scratch-tester-platform-nanovea-pb1000.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25767" alt="Plate-forme de nanoindenteur et de testeur de rayures NANOVEA PB1000 avec modules de nano et micro indentation" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conditions d'essai</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The stent is fixed on the sample stage, with a support wire inserted inside the stent tube to ensure stability during nano scratch testing. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester is used to perform nano scratch measurements using the parameters summarized in Table 1, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Load type</td><td>Progressif</td></tr><tr><td>Initial load</td><td>0.05 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Final load</td><td>300 and 100 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding speed</td><td>0.5 mm/min</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding distance</td><td>0.5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter geometry</td><td>Conique</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter material (tip)</td><td>Diamant</td></tr><tr><td>Rayon de la pointe du pénétrateur</td><td>20 µm</td></tr><tr><td>Température</td><td>24°C (room)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Tableau 1 : </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on regular stent samples</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1073" data-end="1296">The SEM image in Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of the stent sample. The stent features a groove with a depth of approximately 30 µm. The polymer coating, with a thickness of 10.8 µm, is located at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="1298" data-end="1497">Standard 60° conical diamond tips are not sharp enough to reach the bottom of the groove without contacting the sidewalls. Therefore, a sharper 40° conical diamond tip is used in this study (Fig. 2).</p><p data-start="1499" data-end="1582">Nano scratch measurements are performed using the parameters summarized in Table 2.</p>								</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
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<td>Load type</td>
<td>Progressif</td>
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<tr>
<td>Initial load</td>
<td>0.1 mN</td>
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<td>Final load</td>
<td>300 mN</td>
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<td>Taux de chargement</td>
<td>300 mN/min</td>
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<td>Scratch length</td>
<td>0.25 mm</td>
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<td>Scratch speed</td>
<td>0.25 mm/min</td>
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<td>Indenter geometry</td>
<td>40° cone</td>
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<td>Indenter material (tip)</td>
<td>Diamant</td>
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<td>Rayon de la pointe du pénétrateur</td>
<td>5 µm</td>
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</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Table 2: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on grooved stent samples</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="932" height="1042" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-cross-section-sem-adhesion-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26288" alt="stent groove cross section polymer coating thickness adhesion analysis nano scratch testing" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 1: </span>SEM cross-section of a grooved stent showing polymer coating located at the bottom of the groove, highlighting the challenge of coating adhesion measurement in recessed geometries.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-diamond-tip-40-degree-stent-groove-testing.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26289" alt="nano scratch diamond tip 40 degree stent groove coating adhesion testing schematic" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 2: </span>Schematic of a 40° conical diamond tip designed for nano scratch testing inside stent grooves, enabling accurate adhesion measurement without sidewall interference.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Résultats et discussion</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 100 μm, comparable to a human hair. Precise positioning is therefore critical to ensure the scratch test is performed at the center of the stent mesh. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester provides X–Y positioning accuracy down to 0.25 μm, enabling accurate test placement under the integrated optical microscope.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="641" data-end="857">Nano scratch testing is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch track on the stent is shown in Fig. 3a, while failure behavior at different stages is presented in Fig. 3b and 3c.</p><p data-start="859" data-end="893">Two critical loads are identified:</p><ul data-start="894" data-end="1061"><li data-section-id="14iz9qw" data-start="894" data-end="972">Lc1: the load at which the first visible damage appears on the coating</li><li data-section-id="1mmzt6b" data-start="973" data-end="1061">Lc2: the load at which the coating is fully removed and the substrate is exposed</li></ul><p data-start="1063" data-end="1226">The evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth is shown in Fig. 4, providing insight into the progression of coating failure during the test.</p><p data-start="1228" data-end="1499">The first signs of coating damage appear at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN. As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a wider and deeper scratch track. During this phase, the COF increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.7.</p><p data-start="1501" data-end="1756">At Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN, the coating is fully delaminated from the metal substrate. Beyond this point, as the load continues to increase, both COF and penetration depth remain relatively stable due to the mechanical support of the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3399 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="23d3399" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="404" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-nano-scratch-track-full-progressive-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26293" alt="nano scratch track stent coating progressive load adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Full Scratch Track</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-initial-failure-lc1-nano-scratch-14-5mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26294" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) <strong data-start="599" data-end="616">Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-lc2-nano-scratch-78-1mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26295" alt="stent coating delamination lc2 nano scratch 78.1 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) <strong data-start="625" data-end="642">Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 3: </span>Nano scratch track on a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing (a) full scratch path, (b) initial coating failure at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN, and (c) complete coating delamination at Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9cfe8c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c9cfe8c" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1751" height="725" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-stent-coating-failure-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26296" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating coefficient of friction depth progression adhesion failure" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 4: </span>Evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth during nano scratch testing of a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing the progression of coating failure and transition to substrate support.</p>								</div>
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									<p data-start="246" data-end="537">Failures during nano scratch testing up to a maximum load of 300 mN occur at critical loads below 100 mN. To enable a more quantitative comparison of coating performance, additional tests are performed with a maximum load of 100 mN on two stent samples, referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2.</p><p data-start="539" data-end="794">Fig. 5 compares the scratch tracks of Sample 1 and Sample 2 after nano scratch testing. Sample 1 exhibits the first sign of coating damage at a critical load of Lc1 ≈ 13.2 mN, while Sample 2 shows initial failure at a higher load of Lc1 ≈ 21.1 mN.</p><p data-start="796" data-end="1002">Coating delamination occurs at 62.5 mN for Sample 1. In contrast, the coating on Sample 2 remains intact throughout the test, continuing to protect the metal substrate under the same loading conditions.</p><p data-start="1004" data-end="1350">This behavior is further reflected in the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth, as shown in Fig. 6. When the diamond tip penetrates through the coating and contacts the metal substrate in Sample 1, the COF reaches a peak while the penetration depth decreases due to the increased stiffness of the underlying substrate.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample1-early-failure-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26297" alt="stent coating sample 1 early failure nano scratch track delamination adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 1 – Early Coating Failure</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample2-high-adhesion-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26298" alt="stent coating sample 2 high adhesion nano scratch track minimal damage testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) Sample 2 – Improved Coating Integrity</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 5: </span>Comparison of nano scratch tracks for two stent coatings, showing (a) early coating failure and delamination in Sample 1, and (b) improved coating integrity in Sample 2 under the same loading conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="913" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-comparison-stent-coating-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26299" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating COF depth comparison sample 1 sample 2 adhesion performance" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 6: </span>Comparison of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth for Sample 1 and Sample 2 during nano scratch testing, showing earlier substrate contact and higher friction response in Sample 1, indicating weaker coating adhesion.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f64c74c" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="279" data-end="601">As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the grooved stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 90 μm, comparable to a human hair. The groove has a width of ~50 μm and a depth of 30 μm. This geometry presents a significant challenge for nano scratch testing, particularly for evaluating coating adhesion at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="603" data-end="847">Precise positioning is critical to locate the scratch test within the groove. The nano scratch test is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch tracks of grooved stent Samples 3 and 4 are compared in Fig. 7.</p><p data-start="849" data-end="1108">The critical load Lc is defined as the load at which the coating fails and the substrate becomes exposed. The evolution of normal load and penetration depth, shown in Fig. 8, provides further insight into the progression of coating failure during testing.</p><p data-start="1110" data-end="1331">As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a deeper scratch track. When the critical load Lc is reached, the coating delaminates from the metal substrate.</p><p data-start="1333" data-end="1516">Sample 3 exhibits coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN, while Sample 4 fails at a higher load of Lc ≈ 173 mN. This difference indicates stronger adhesion of the coating in Sample 4.</p><p data-start="1518" data-end="1773">The measured critical loads enable quantitative comparison of coating adhesion performance. Under the same testing conditions, the coating on Sample 4 demonstrates higher resistance to delamination, making it the better-performing candidate in this study.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-failure-sample3-nano-scratch-126mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26300" alt="stent groove coating failure sample 3 nano scratch 126 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) Sample 3 – Coating Failure in Groove (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-high-adhesion-sample4-nano-scratch-173mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26301" alt="stent groove coating adhesion sample 4 nano scratch 173 mN minimal failure testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(d) Sample 4 – Higher Adhesion in Groove (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 7: </span>Nano scratch tracks inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing (c) coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN in Sample 3 and (d) higher adhesion with delayed failure at Lc ≈ 173 mN in Sample 4.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample3-grooved-stent-failure.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26302" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 3 – Earlier Coating Failure (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample4-grooved-stent-high-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26303" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="319" data-end="387">(b) Sample 4 – Delayed Failure and Higher Adhesion (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 8: </span>Evolution of normal load and penetration depth during nano scratch testing inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing earlier coating failure in Sample 3 and delayed failure at higher load in Sample 4. The vertical green line indicates the critical load (Lc) where coating delamination occurs.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="245" data-end="468">This study demonstrates the ability of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester to quantitatively evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of polymer coatings on both regular and grooved stent geometries using nano scratch testing.</p><p data-start="470" data-end="825">The recessed geometry of the stent grooves, approximately 50 μm wide and 30 μm deep, presents a significant challenge for coating adhesion measurement. The high X–Y positioning accuracy of 0.25 μm enables precise placement of the scratch test within these confined regions, allowing direct evaluation of coating performance where failure is most critical.</p><p data-start="827" data-end="1124">By applying a controlled, progressively increasing load, critical loads associated with coating failure can be identified and compared across samples. This approach enables reliable differentiation of coating adhesion performance and interfacial integrity, even on small, complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Références</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[I] http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stents</em><br /><em>[II] http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402006000300008 </em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is stent coating adhesion testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Stent coating adhesion testing evaluates how strongly a polymer coating is bonded to the metal substrate of a stent. Techniques such as nano scratch testing quantify the load at which coating damage and delamination occur, providing measurable indicators of adhesion strength.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is critical load (Lc) in nano scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Critical load (Lc) is the applied load at which a coating fails during a scratch test.</p><ul data-start="747" data-end="890"><li data-section-id="bhdxv4" data-start="747" data-end="813">Lc1 corresponds to the first visible damage in the coating</li><li data-section-id="4photk" data-start="814" data-end="890">Lc2 indicates complete coating removal and exposure of the substrate</li></ul><p data-start="892" data-end="967">These values are used to quantify and compare coating adhesion performance.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is coating adhesion important in drug-eluting stents?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coating adhesion directly affects the reliability of drug-eluting stents. Poor adhesion can lead to coating delamination, which may compromise controlled drug release and increase the risk of device failure.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you measure coating adhesion inside stent grooves?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Measuring adhesion inside stent grooves requires high positioning accuracy and appropriate indenter geometry. Nano scratch testing with sharp diamond tips allows access to recessed coating regions, enabling direct evaluation of adhesion within complex stent geometries.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3d372dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction (COF) indicate in scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">The coefficient of friction (COF) reflects changes in surface interaction during the scratch test. A sudden increase in COF often indicates coating failure and contact between the indenter and the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can nano scratch testing compare different coating formulations?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Nano scratch testing enables direct comparison of coatings by measuring critical loads under controlled conditions. Higher critical loads indicate stronger adhesion and improved resistance to delamination, allowing selection of better-performing coating systems.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:02:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26196</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Dental Surface Characterization Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry Request Surface Analysis Ask an Expert Live Prepared by Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA Introduction The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26196" class="elementor elementor-26196" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | Dental Surface Characterization</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26092" alt="Dental surface roughness measurement and 3D molar reconstruction using optical profilometry" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA</p>				</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introduction</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at the nanometer scale, enables advanced research and applications in orthodontics and dental materials science. Non-contact optical profilometry provides a precise method for measuring dental surface roughness and analyzing tooth surface morphology without damaging delicate structures. These measurements support the development of composite dental materials that replicate the natural surface roughness of enamel, as well as the design and fabrication of patient-specific dental casts and restorative components.</p><p data-start="1460" data-end="1982">Low surface roughness plays a primary role in limiting bacterial adhesion and plaque formation, thereby reducing the risk of cavities. An increase in average roughness (Ra) above 2 µm leads to a steep increase in biofilm formation in vivo.¹ An Ra of 0.2 µm is considered the threshold value below which no further reduction in bacterial adhesion can be expected.²</p><p data-start="1984" data-end="2182">Reconstruction of the tooth’s 3D surface topography enables the fabrication of dental casts, which are essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and the fabrication of dental appliances.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Non-Contact Optical Profilometry for Dental Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="232" data-end="713">The present study illustrates the potential of NANOVEA’s high-precision non-contact optical profilometers for dental surface roughness measurement and 3D tooth topography analysis. Chromatic Light technology offers significant advantages over classical touch probe techniques. It acquires data points from deep crevices and complex geometries without introducing measurement errors or artifacts caused by local plastic deformation and without requiring extensive data manipulation.</p><p data-start="715" data-end="1135">Compared to focus variation systems, single-point optical sensing provides superior lateral and height accuracy, with X/Y resolution below 0.5 µm, maximum vertical resolution of 1.9 nm, and the ability to measure surface angles up to 87°. The technique is effective on transparent, opaque, specular, diffusive, polished, and rough dental surfaces, making it well suited for comprehensive dental surface characterization.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> En savoir plus sur <a href="https://nanovea.com/surface-profiling-lab-services/">non-contact optical profilometry and surface roughness measurement services</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6911f48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="313" data-end="697">Dans cette application, le <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler</a> was used to analyze the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar previously affected by tooth decay. The side of the tooth was scanned using a PS2–MG140 single-point optical sensor to measure surface roughness parameters over a defined region of interest and along multiple line profiles.</p><p data-start="699" data-end="888">The crown of the tooth was then scanned and reconstructed using a PS5–MG35 single-point optical sensor, which is suited for larger-area acquisition and full 3D tooth topography measurement.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;"><br />NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span><br />Profilomètre optique</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-jr25-portable-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25699" alt="NANOVEA JR25 portable optical profilometer for non-contact surface measurement" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Measurement Using NANOVEA Optical Profilometer</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="914" data-end="1026">Surface roughness measurements were performed on the lateral side of the molar crown, followed by full 3D reconstruction of the crown surface. Separate single-point optical sensors were used to optimize measurement accuracy for both localized roughness analysis and large-area surface topography acquisition.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce29651 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ce29651" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>PS2 – MG140</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/optical-profilometer-dental-surface-roughness-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26123" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Surface roughness analysis by area and parallel line profiles on the side of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS5 – MG35</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3d-tooth-topography-measurement-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26122" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Full 3D surface reconstruction of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Paramètres de mesure</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The following measurement parameters were used for localized surface roughness analysis and full 3D surface reconstruction of the molar crown using NANOVEA single-point optical sensors.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Area)</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</th><th>Full 3D Reconstruction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Optical Pen</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS5-MG35</td></tr><tr><td>Z-Range [µm]</td><td>300</td><td>300</td><td>10000</td></tr><tr><td>X-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>3.00</td><td>7.50</td></tr><tr><td>X-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>1.70</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>7.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>100.00</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Averaging (Avg)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Measurement Type</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Mode</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Dual Frequency</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Rate [Hz]</td><td>200</td><td>200</td><td>100–400</td></tr><tr><td>Light Intensity [%]</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Yellow Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p>The image below shows a full 3D rendering of the yellow block’s surface.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1162" height="906" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-scanned-region-2d-height-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26127" alt="False-color 2D height map of scanned tooth surface region" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A least-squares degree-8 polynomial form removal was applied to isolate the surface roughness component. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm and L-Gaussian 0.8 mm were then applied according to ISO 25178. The resulting filtered surface and corresponding roughness parameters are presented below.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e80acb9 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e80acb9" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="748" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-iso-25178-filtered-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26133" alt="" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper"><table class="iso-roughness-table"><tbody><!-- Filter Settings --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">ISO 25178 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>F:</strong> [Workflow] Form removed (LS-poly 8)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><!-- Height Parameters Header --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td></tr><!-- Height Parameter Rows --><tr><td class="param-code">Sq</td><td>2.433</td><td>µm</td><td>Hauteur racine carrée moyenne</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Ssk</td><td>-0.102</td><td> </td><td>Skewness</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">UGS</td><td>3.715</td><td> </td><td>Kurtosis</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sp</td><td>18.861</td><td>µm</td><td>Hauteur maximale du pic</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sv</td><td>16.553</td><td>µm</td><td>Maximum pit depth</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sz</td><td>35.414</td><td>µm</td><td>Hauteur maximale</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sa</td><td>1.888</td><td>µm</td><td>Hauteur moyenne arithmétique</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="117" data-end="216">The average surface roughness Sa is 1.888 µm, while the peak-to-valley height Sz reaches 35.414 µm.</p><p data-start="218" data-end="295">A 3D surface rendering of the filtered area is shown below for visualization.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="892" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-3d-render-iso-filtered.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26129" alt="3D rendering of ISO 25178 filtered tooth surface roughness" />															</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Surface roughness profiles were measured using a series of 11 parallel line scans along the X direction on the side of the tooth. The false-color 2D surface map of the raw scan is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-raw-scan-2d-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26143" alt="False-color 2D raw scan of tooth surface for line roughness profiles" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The surface form was removed using a least-squares 8-degree polynomial prior to applying the metrological filters, leaving the residual surface shown below.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12d13ab elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="12d13ab" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-residual-after-form-removal.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26144" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A statistical analysis of the measured surface roughness profiles reveals the following line roughness parameters.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1670" height="606" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-profile-overlay-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26148" alt="Overlay of multiple tooth surface roughness profiles for statistical analysis" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> Aucun</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">5.683</td><td class="center">0.761</td><td class="center">4.315</td><td class="center">6.610</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">6.242</td><td class="center">1.009</td><td class="center">4.701</td><td class="center">8.438</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">11.925</td><td class="center">1.676</td><td class="center">9.123</td><td class="center">15.048</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.063</td><td class="center">0.297</td><td class="center">1.710</td><td class="center">2.629</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.523</td><td class="center">0.361</td><td class="center">2.057</td><td class="center">3.175</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> Aucun</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="184" data-end="276">The value of Ra is consistent with the Sa value extracted from the surface area measurement.</p><p data-start="278" data-end="659">Different metrological filters can be applied to distinguish between macroscopic waviness and microscopic surface roughness. For example, a coarser filter cut-off, such as the 8 mm cut-off used with the Robust Gaussian order-2 filter, produces a smoother waviness profile (red) that is less sensitive to sharp local variations and follows the original surface profile more loosely.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1855" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-waviness-vs-roughness-filter-comparison.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26158" alt="Comparison of waviness and roughness profiles on tooth surface using coarse filter" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Alternatively, a finer cut-off (e.g., 0.08 mm) enables the analysis of micro-roughness by removing the waviness component that follows the original profile at a larger scale, leaving the finer surface roughness features of the tooth visible.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1853" height="790" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-profile-filtering.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26159" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The microroughness analysis obtained using a 0.08 mm L-Gaussian filter is presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="431" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-final-profile.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26160" alt="Final microroughness profile of tooth surface after filtering" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> Aucun</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.08 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (37)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.582</td><td class="center">0.122</td><td class="center">1.342</td><td class="center">1.748</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.466</td><td class="center">0.119</td><td class="center">1.254</td><td class="center">1.661</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">3.049</td><td class="center">0.196</td><td class="center">2.820</td><td class="center">3.409</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.495</td><td class="center">0.047</td><td class="center">0.423</td><td class="center">0.597</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.643</td><td class="center">0.056</td><td class="center">0.562</td><td class="center">0.762</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> Aucun</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8288293 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8288293" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Full 3D Tooth Surface Topography Reconstruction</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The extended Z-scan range of the PS5 optical sensor enables high-fidelity scanning of the entire tooth crown surface. The resulting 3D surface topography is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="469" height="348" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-crown-surface-topography-3d-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26172" alt="False-color surface topography map of full tooth crown measured with optical profilometer" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">2D VIEW: </span>2D surface map of the tooth crown measured with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="930" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/molar-crown-3d-surface-reconstruction-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26173" alt="3D surface reconstruction of molar crown from optical profilometer scan" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">3D VIEW: </span>High-fidelity 3D rendering of the molar crown surface obtained with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="401" data-end="560">In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar.</p><p data-start="562" data-end="922">Both the area scan and the line profile analysis revealed a roughness Rq of approximately 2.5 µm and an Ra of about 1.9–2.0 µm. These values are consistent with results reported in the literature.³ The use of a narrower L-Gaussian filter with an 80 µm cut-off enabled further investigation of micro-roughness, revealing an Rq of 0.643 µm and an Ra of 0.495 µm.</p><p data-start="924" data-end="1270">The full 3D surface topography of the molar crown was reconstructed with high fidelity. The high measurement resolution allows detection of fine surface features and crevices. The resulting surface data can be easily processed and exported as STL files, enabling the design and fabrication of customized dental devices and restorative components.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Références</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Shin, B.W., et al. Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Simulated Toothbrushing. Pediatric Dentistry 44.5 (2022): 363–367.</em><br /><em>[2] Bollen, C.M.L., Paul Lambrechts, and Marc Quirynen. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dental Materials 13.4 (1997): 258–269.</em><br /><em>[3] Suputtamongkol, K., et al. Surface roughness resulting from wear of lithia-disilicate-based posterior crowns. Wear 269.3–4 (2010): 317–322.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Dental Surface Roughness Measurement</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is dental surface roughness measurement?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Dental surface roughness measurement quantifies the microscopic texture of tooth surfaces using parameters such as Ra, Rq, and Sa. Optical profilometers measure these features without contacting the surface, allowing accurate analysis of enamel, restorative materials, and dental crowns.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use optical profilometry to measure tooth roughness?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Optical profilometry provides non-contact surface measurement with nanometer-scale vertical resolution. It captures 2D surface maps and full 3D surface topography of dental structures without damaging soft or polished surfaces.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What roughness parameters are used for dental surface analysis?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Common roughness parameters include Ra (arithmetic mean roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness), Sa (areal roughness), and Sz (maximum surface height). These parameters help evaluate enamel wear, plaque adhesion risk, and the performance of restorative materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is surface roughness important in dentistry?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Surface roughness affects plaque retention, wear resistance, and the long-term performance of dental restorations. Controlling micro-roughness can reduce bacterial adhesion and improve the durability of dental materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Surface Roughness Measurement for Dental Materials?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Test de résistance aux rayures des protections d'écran de téléphone</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/test-de-resistance-aux-rayures-des-protections-decran-de-telephone/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=scratch-resistance-testing-of-phone-screen-protectors</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Nov 2025 17:42:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Fracture Toughness]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=25222</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Test de résistance aux rayures des protections d'écran de téléphone Préparé par Stacey Pereira, Jocelyn Esparza et Pierre Leroux Comprendre la résistance aux rayures des protections d'écran de téléphone Les revêtements de protection des écrans de téléphone jouent un rôle essentiel dans la résistance aux rayures, la force d'adhérence et la durabilité à long terme. Avec le temps, les rayures, les microfissures et la délamination du revêtement peuvent réduire la clarté optique et la fiabilité, en particulier [...]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/test-de-resistance-aux-rayures-des-protections-decran-de-telephone/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Stacey Pereira, Jocelyn Esparza et Pierre Leroux</p>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Comprendre la résistance aux rayures des protecteurs d'écran de téléphone</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="327" data-end="820">Les revêtements protecteurs des écrans de téléphone jouent un rôle essentiel dans la résistance aux rayures, la force d'adhérence et la durabilité à long terme. Au fil du temps, les rayures, les microfissures et la délamination du revêtement peuvent réduire la clarté optique et la fiabilité, en particulier dans les environnements à usage intensif. Pour évaluer la résistance aux dommages mécaniques des différentes protections d'écran, des tests de rayures instrumentés fournissent des informations quantifiables sur les mécanismes de défaillance du revêtement, y compris l'adhérence, la cohésion et le comportement de rupture.</p><p data-start="822" data-end="1136">Dans cette étude, <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">NANOVEA PB1000 Essai mécanique</a> est utilisé pour comparer les protections d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé sous une charge progressive contrôlée. Grâce à une détection précise des émissions acoustiques, nous identifions les charges de rupture critiques et caractérisons la façon dont chaque matériau réagit à l'augmentation de la contrainte mécanique.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pourquoi les tests de résistance aux rayures sont-ils importants pour les protecteurs d'écran ?</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">De nombreux utilisateurs supposent que les protecteurs plus épais ou plus durs sont automatiquement plus performants, mais la durabilité réelle dépend de la manière dont le matériau se comporte sous l'effet d'une charge progressive, d'une déformation de la surface et d'une contrainte localisée. Les essais de rayures instrumentés permettent aux ingénieurs de mesurer l'adhérence du revêtement, la force de cohésion, la résistance à l'usure de la surface et les charges exactes auxquelles les défaillances se déclenchent ou se propagent.</p><p data-start="1622" data-end="1964">En analysant les points d'initiation des fissures, le comportement de délamination et les modes de défaillance, les fabricants peuvent valider les performances des protecteurs d'écran à des fins de R&amp;D, de contrôle de la qualité ou d'analyse comparative. Les tests de nano-rayures et de micro-rayures offrent un aperçu reproductible et fondé sur des données de la durabilité dans le monde réel, bien au-delà des indices de dureté traditionnels.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> En savoir plus sur <a class="decorated-link cursor-pointer" href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/" target="_new" rel="noopener" data-start="2047" data-end="2121">services d'essais de rayures et d'adhérence pour les revêtements et les protections d'écran.</a></em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Scratch Testing Objectif : <br>Mesure des charges de rupture dans les protecteurs d'écran</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1702" data-end="2144">L'objectif de cette étude est de démontrer comment le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000 réalise des essais répétables et normalisés de résistance aux rayures sur des protections d'écran en polymère et en verre. En augmentant progressivement la charge appliquée, le système détecte les charges critiques pour la rupture de la cohésion et de l'adhésivité, capture les signaux d'émission acoustique et établit une corrélation entre ces événements et la profondeur de la rayure, la force de frottement et la déformation de la surface.</p><p data-start="2146" data-end="2656">Cette méthodologie fournit un profil mécanique complet de chaque revêtement protecteur, permettant aux fabricants et aux équipes de R&amp;D d'évaluer les formulations des matériaux, la force d'adhérence du revêtement, la durabilité de la surface et l'épaisseur optimale du revêtement pour améliorer les performances du produit. Ces évaluations de la rayure font partie de la suite plus large d'études de NANOVEA sur les propriétés mécaniques des revêtements de protection. <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">solutions d'essais mécaniques</a> utilisé pour caractériser les revêtements, les films et les substrats dans les environnements de R&amp;D, de contrôle de la qualité et de production.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 Grande plate-forme</span><br />Testeur Méchanique</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="298" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NANOVEA-Scratch-Tester-amd-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-22859" alt="NANOVEA SCRATCH TESTER : TEST D&#039;USURE DU REVÊTEMENT PTFE" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Paramètres du test de grattage et configuration de l'instrument</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">L'évaluation de la résistance aux rayures des protecteurs d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé a été réalisée dans des conditions contrôlées afin de garantir la répétabilité et la précision de la détection de la charge de rupture. Les paramètres suivants définissent la configuration de l'essai de résistance aux rayures à charge progressive utilisé sur le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000.</p>								</div>
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<td style="width: 50.0898%; padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">TYPE DE CHARGE</td>
<td style="width: 49.9102%; padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">PROGRESSIF</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">CHARGE INITIALE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">0.1 N</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">CHARGE FINALE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">12 N</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">VITESSE DE GLISSEMENT</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3,025 mm/min</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">DISTANCE DE GLISSEMENT</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">3 mm</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">GÉOMÉTRIE DU PÉNÉTRATEUR</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">ROCKWELL (CÔNE DE 120°)</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">MATÉRIAU DU PÉNÉTRATEUR (POINTE)</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">DIAMANT</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">RAYON DE LA POINTE DU PÉNÉTRATEUR</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">50 µm</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">ATMOSPHÈRE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">AIR</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; width: 50.0898%; text-align: left;">TEMPÉRATURE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; width: 49.9102%; text-align: right;">24 °C (TEMPÉRATURE AMBIANTE)</td>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLEAU 1 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> <span class="fontstyle0">Paramètres d'essai utilisés pour les essais de rayures</span> <br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="658" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-mechanical-tester-screen-protector-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25228" alt="Échantillon de protection d&#039;écran soumis à un test de rayures sur le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000" />															</div>
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									<p>Échantillon de protection d'écran monté sur le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000 pendant la mesure de la rayure à charge progressive.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Échantillons de protecteurs d'écran utilisés pour les tests de résistance aux rayures</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="339" data-end="686">Deux matériaux de protection d'écran disponibles dans le commerce ont été sélectionnés pour comparer les différences de résistance aux rayures, de comportement en cas de défaillance et de durabilité mécanique. Les deux échantillons ont été montés solidement sur le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000 et évalués dans des conditions identiques de charge progressive afin de garantir une comparaison cohérente et impartiale.</p><p data-start="688" data-end="1108">Le protecteur d'écran en TPU est un film polymère souple doté d'une grande élasticité mais d'une faible résistance à l'abrasion, tandis que le protecteur en verre trempé est un matériau rigide et cassant conçu pour une grande dureté et une meilleure protection contre les chocs. Le test des deux matériaux sous le même profil de charge permet d'évaluer clairement l'influence de la composition, de l'élasticité et de la dureté du matériau sur les modes de défaillance des rayures.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Protecteur d'écran TPU</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tpu-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25234" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Verre trempé</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="188" height="300" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/nanovea-tempered-glass-screen-protector-sample-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25233" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Les protections d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé sont préparées pour les tests de résistance aux rayures.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Résultats des tests de rayures : Modes de défaillance des protecteurs d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé</h2>				</div>
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">TYPE DE PROTECTEUR D'ÉCRAN</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CHARGE CRITIQUE #1 (N)</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CHARGE CRITIQUE #2 (N)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">TPU</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">s/o</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">2.004 ± 0.063</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">VERRE TEMPÉRÉ</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.608 ± 0.281</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">7.44 ± 0.995</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLEAU 2 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Résumé des charges critiques pour chaque échantillon de protection d'écran.</span></p>								</div>
				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Les protecteurs d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé ayant des propriétés mécaniques fondamentalement différentes, chaque échantillon a présenté des modes de défaillance et des seuils de charge critique distincts lors des essais de rayure à charge progressive. Le tableau 2 résume les charges critiques mesurées pour chaque matériau.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">La charge critique #1 représente le premier point observable de rupture cohésive au microscope optique, tel que l'apparition d'une fissure ou d'une rupture radiale.</p><p data-start="839" data-end="1181">La charge critique #2 correspond au premier événement majeur détecté par la surveillance des émissions acoustiques (AE), représentant généralement une défaillance structurelle plus importante ou un événement de pénétration.</p><h3 data-start="1188" data-end="1246"><strong data-start="1192" data-end="1244">Protection d'écran TPU - Comportement polymère flexible</strong></h3><p data-start="1247" data-end="1487">Le protecteur d'écran TPU n'a présenté qu'un seul événement critique significatif (charge critique #2). Cette charge correspond au point de la piste de rayure où le film commence à se soulever, à se décoller ou à se délaminer de la surface de l'écran du téléphone.</p><p data-start="1489" data-end="1789">Une fois la charge critique #2 (≈2,00 N) dépassée, le pénétrateur a pénétré suffisamment pour provoquer une rayure visible directement sur l'écran du téléphone pendant le reste du test. Aucun événement distinct de charge critique #1 n'a été détecté, ce qui est cohérent avec la grande élasticité du matériau et sa faible résistance à la cohésion.</p><h3 data-start="1796" data-end="1864"><strong data-start="1800" data-end="1862">Protecteur d'écran en verre trempé - Comportement de rupture fragile</strong></h3><p data-start="1865" data-end="1977">Le protecteur d'écran en verre trempé présentait deux charges critiques distinctes, caractéristiques des matériaux fragiles :</p><ul data-start="1979" data-end="2284"><li data-start="1979" data-end="2142"><p data-start="1981" data-end="2142">Charge critique #1 (≈3,61 N) : Des fractures radiales et des amorces de fissures ont été observées au microscope, indiquant une rupture cohésive précoce de la couche de verre.</p></li><li data-start="2143" data-end="2284"><p data-start="2145" data-end="2284">Charge critique #2 (≈7,44 N) : Un pic AE important et une forte augmentation de la profondeur de rayure indiquent une pénétration du protecteur à des charges plus élevées.</p></li></ul><p data-start="2286" data-end="2495">Bien que l'amplitude de l'EI soit supérieure à celle du TPU, aucun dommage n'a été transféré à l'écran du téléphone, ce qui démontre la capacité du protecteur en verre trempé à absorber et à répartir la charge avant une défaillance catastrophique.</p><p data-start="2497" data-end="2665">Dans les deux matériaux, la charge critique #2 correspondait au moment où le pénétrateur a traversé le protecteur d'écran, confirmant la limite de protection de chaque échantillon.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b58c652 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b58c652" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Protecteur d'écran TPU : Données des essais de rayures et analyse des défaillances</h3>				</div>
				</div>
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									<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; border: none;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><td style="padding: 8px;">RAYURE</td><td style="padding: 8px;">CHARGE CRITIQUE #2 (N)</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.033</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.047</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1.931</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">MOYENNE</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2.003</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">ÉCART-TYPE</td><td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.052</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLEAU 3 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Charges critiques mesurées lors des essais de rayures du protecteur d'écran TPU.</span></p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-88392d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="88392d4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25239" alt="Graphique montrant la friction, la force normale, les émissions acoustiques et la profondeur en fonction de la longueur de la rayure pour le protecteur d&#039;écran TPU testé sur le testeur mécanique NANOVEA." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 2 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Force de friction, charge normale, émission acoustique (AE) et profondeur de la rayure en fonction de la longueur de la rayure pour le protecteur d'écran TPU. <span class="fontstyle0">(B) Charge critique #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-2-scratch-test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25240" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 3 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Image au microscope optique du protecteur d'écran TPU à la charge critique #2 (grossissement 5× ; largeur de l'image 0,8934 mm).<br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="256" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tpu-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-full-length-image.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25241" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 4 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Image pleine longueur de la protection d'écran TPU montrant la trace complète de la rayure après un test de charge progressive.</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"><br /></span></p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Protecteur d'écran en verre trempé : Données de charge critique et comportement à la rupture</h3>				</div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: #1b96cf; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">
<td style="padding: 8px;">RAYURE</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">CHARGE CRITIQUE #1 (N)</td>
<td style="padding: 8px;">CHARGE CRITIQUE #2 (N)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">1</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.923</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">7.366</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">2</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.382</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.483</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.519</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">8.468</td>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">MOYENNE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">3.653</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">6.925</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding: 6px 8px; color: #1b96cf; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">ÉCART-TYPE</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.383</td>
<td style="padding: 6px 8px; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;">0.624</td>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">TABLEAU 4 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Charges critiques mesurées lors d'essais de rayures de protecteurs d'écran en verre trempé.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> Pour une comparaison avec les revêtements polymères non silicatés, voir notre étude sur les <a href="https://nanovea.com/ptfe-coating-wear-test/">Essai d'usure du revêtement PTFE</a>, qui met en évidence le comportement de rupture des films polymères à faible friction dans des conditions de charge progressive similaires.</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-scratch-test-friction-normal-force-acoustic-emission-depth.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25242" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 5 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Force de friction, charge normale, émission acoustique (AE) et profondeur de la rayure en fonction de la longueur de la rayure pour le protecteur d'écran en verre trempé. <span class="fontstyle0">(A) Charge critique #1 (B) Charge critique #2</span><br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25243" alt="Images de microscopie optique montrant les points de rupture de la charge critique #1 et de la charge critique #2 sur le protecteur d&#039;écran en verre trempé lors d&#039;un essai de rayure à un grossissement de 5x à l&#039;aide du testeur mécanique NANOVEA." />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 6 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Images de microscopie optique montrant les points de rupture pour la charge critique #1 (à gauche) et la charge critique #2 (à droite) à un grossissement de 5× (largeur de l'image : 0,8934 mm).<br /></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="252" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/tempered-glass-screen-protector-post-scratch-test-microscopy-critical-load-1-and-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-25244" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURE 7 :</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> Image de microscopie optique de la piste de rayure en verre trempé après l'essai, mettant en évidence l'initiation de la fracture (CL#1) et la zone de pénétration finale (CL#2) à la suite d'un essai de charge progressive.<br /></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusion : Comparaison des performances des protecteurs d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé en matière de rayures</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d15e83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="1d15e83" data-element_type="section">
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843">Cette étude démontre comment le testeur mécanique NANOVEA PB1000 fournit des mesures contrôlées, répétables et très sensibles de la résistance aux rayures en utilisant un chargement progressif et la détection des émissions acoustiques (AE). En capturant avec précision les événements de rupture cohésive et adhésive, le système permet une comparaison claire du comportement des protecteurs d'écran en TPU et en verre trempé sous l'effet d'une contrainte mécanique croissante.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">Les résultats expérimentaux confirment que le verre trempé présente des charges critiques nettement plus élevées que le TPU, offrant une résistance supérieure aux rayures, une initiation retardée de la fracture et une protection fiable contre la pénétration d'un pénétrateur. La force de cohésion plus faible du TPU et sa délamination plus précoce mettent en évidence ses limites dans les environnements soumis à de fortes contraintes.</p><p data-start="845" data-end="1188">Après avoir identifié les charges de rupture, les traces de rayures qui en résultent peuvent également être analysées à l'aide d'un logiciel d'analyse. <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">profilomètre optique 3D sans contact</a> pour mesurer la profondeur des rainures, la déformation résiduelle et la topographie après rayage. Cela permet de compléter le profil mécanique de chaque matériau.</p><p data-start="1190" data-end="1564">Le testeur mécanique NANOVEA est conçu pour des essais d'indentation, de rayure et d'usure précis et répétables, et prend en charge les nano et micro-modules conformes aux normes ISO et ASTM. Sa polyvalence en fait une solution idéale pour évaluer le profil mécanique complet des films minces, des revêtements, des polymères, des verres et des substrats dans les domaines de la R&amp;D, de la production et du contrôle qualité.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Questions fréquemment posées <br> À propos des essais de résistance aux rayures</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Qu'est-ce qu'un test de résistance aux rayures ?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">L'essai de résistance à la rayure évalue la façon dont un matériau ou un revêtement réagit lorsqu'un stylet en diamant applique une charge progressivement croissante. Le test identifie les charges critiques où se produisent les défaillances de cohésion ou d'adhésion, fournissant une mesure quantifiable de la durabilité, de la force d'adhésion et de la résistance aux dommages de surface.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Quelle est la différence entre une défaillance cohésive et une défaillance adhésive ?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Défaillance de la cohésion <em data-start="840" data-end="848">à l'intérieur</em> le revêtement ou le matériau, comme la fissuration, la déchirure ou la fracture interne.<br data-start="921" data-end="924" />La défaillance de l'adhésif se produit lorsque le revêtement se détache du substrat, ce qui indique que la force d'adhérence est insuffisante.</p><p data-start="168" data-end="494">Le NANOVEA PB1000 détecte les deux en utilisant la surveillance synchronisée des émissions acoustiques, le suivi de la profondeur des rayures et l'analyse du frottement.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pourquoi utiliser un testeur mécanique plutôt que des méthodes manuelles ?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Un testeur mécanique comme le NANOVEA PB1000 fournit des mesures précises, répétables et normalisées, garantissant des données fiables pour la R&amp;D, la validation de la production et le contrôle de la qualité. Il offre également des fonctions avancées, telles que la détection des émissions acoustiques et la surveillance de la profondeur en temps réel, que les méthodes manuelles ne peuvent pas offrir.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Besoin d'un test de rayures fiable pour vos matériaux ?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/test-de-resistance-aux-rayures-des-protections-decran-de-telephone/">Scratch Resistance Testing of Phone Screen Protectors</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Mesure de l'usure in situ à haute température</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/mesure-in-situ-de-lusure-a-haute-temperature/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=in-situ-wear-measurement-at-high-temperature</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/mesure-in-situ-de-lusure-a-haute-temperature/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 22:20:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Temperature Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10121</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IN SITU WEAR MEASUREMENT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE USING TRIBOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION The Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is a type of robust electrical transformer used to measure linear displacement. It has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including power turbines, hydraulics, automation, aircraft, satellites, nuclear reactors, and many [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/mesure-in-situ-de-lusure-a-haute-temperature/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">MESURE DE L'USURE IN SITU
À HAUTE TEMPÉRATURE</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">EN UTILISANT UN TRIBOMÈTRE</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="302" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-Aerospace-Tribology.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9629" alt="MESURE DE L&#039;USURE IN-SITU Tribomètre aérospatial" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li, PhD</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCTION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Le transformateur différentiel variable linéaire (LVDT) est un type de transformateur électrique robuste utilisé pour mesurer un déplacement linéaire. Il a été largement utilisé dans une variété d'applications industrielles, y compris les turbines de puissance, l'hydraulique, l'automatisation, les avions, les satellites, les réacteurs nucléaires, et bien d'autres.</p>
<p>Dans cette étude, nous présentons les modules complémentaires LVDT et haute température du NANOVEA. <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">Tribomètre</a> qui permettent de mesurer le changement de profondeur de la trace d&#039;usure de l&#039;échantillon testé pendant le processus d&#039;usure à des températures élevées. Cela permet aux utilisateurs de corréler les différentes étapes du processus d&#039;usure avec l&#039;évolution du COF, ce qui est essentiel pour améliorer la compréhension fondamentale du mécanisme d&#039;usure et des caractéristiques tribologiques des matériaux destinés aux applications à haute température.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJECTIF DE MESURE</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>Dans cette étude, nous souhaitons mettre en évidence la capacité du tribomètre NANOVEA T50 à surveiller in situ l'évolution du processus d'usure des matériaux à des températures élevées.</i></p><p><i>Le processus d'usure de la céramique de silicate d'alumine à différentes températures est simulé de manière contrôlée et surveillée.</i></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="705" height="695" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Robust-Tribometer-Nanovea-T50.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9876" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PROCÉDURE DE TEST</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Le comportement tribologique, par exemple le coefficient de friction (COF) et la résistance à l'usure des plaques en céramique de silicate d'alumine, a été évalué par le tribomètre NANOVEA. La plaque en céramique de silicate d'alumine a été chauffée par un four de la température ambiante, RT, à des températures élevées (400°C et 800°C), suivies par des tests d'usure à ces températures. </p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">À titre de comparaison, les essais d'usure ont été réalisés lorsque l'échantillon a refroidi de 800°C à 400°C, puis à la température ambiante. Une bille en AI2O3 (6 mm de diamètre, grade 100) a été appliquée contre les échantillons testés. Le COF, la profondeur d'usure et la température ont été contrôlés in situ.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>PARAMÈTRES D'ESSAI</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">de la mesure de l'épingle sur le disque</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Le taux d'usure, K, a été évalué à l'aide de la formule K=V/(Fxs)=A/(Fxn), où V est le volume usé, F est la charge normale, s est la distance de glissement, A est la surface de section transversale de la piste d'usure et n est le nombre de tours. La rugosité de surface et les profils des traces d'usure ont été évalués par le profileur optique NANOVEA, et la morphologie des traces d'usure a été examinée à l'aide d'un microscope optique.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Le COF et la profondeur de la trace d'usure enregistrés in situ sont représentés respectivement sur la FIGURE 1 et la FIGURE 2. Sur la FIGURE 1, "-I" indique le test effectué lorsque la température a été augmentée de la température ambiante à une température élevée. "-D" représente la température diminuée à partir d'une température plus élevée de 800°C.</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">Comme le montre la FIGURE 1, les échantillons testés à différentes températures présentent un COF comparable de ~0,6 tout au long des mesures. Un COF aussi élevé conduit à un processus d'usure accéléré qui crée une quantité importante de débris. La profondeur de la trace d'usure a été contrôlée pendant les essais d'usure par LVDT, comme le montre la FIGURE 2. Les essais réalisés à température ambiante avant le chauffage de l'échantillon et après le refroidissement de l'échantillon montrent que la plaque céramique en silicate d'alumine présente un processus d'usure progressif à RT, la profondeur de la trace d'usure augmente progressivement tout au long de l'essai d'usure pour atteindre ~170 et ~150 μm, respectivement. </span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">En comparaison, les essais d'usure à des températures élevées (400°C et 800°C) présentent un comportement d'usure différent - la profondeur de la trace d'usure augmente rapidement au début du processus d'usure, et elle ralentit au fur et à mesure que l'essai se poursuit. Les profondeurs des traces d'usure pour les essais réalisés aux températures 400°C-I, 800°C et 400°C-D sont respectivement de ~140, ~350 et ~210 μm.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="785" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Coefficient-of-Friction-during-pin-on-desk-Tests-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9954" alt="COF pendant les essais &quot;pin-on-desk&quot; à différentes températures" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURE 1. </i></b>
<span>Coefficient de frottement pendant les essais "pin-on-disk" à différentes températures</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="799" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Evolution-of-wear-track-depth-of-the-alumina-silicate-ceramic-plate-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9955" alt="Profondeur de la trace d&#039;usure de la plaque céramique en silicate d&#039;alumine à différentes températures" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURE 2. </i></b>
<span>Évolution de la profondeur des traces d'usure de la plaque céramique en silicate d'alumine à différentes températures</span> 
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									<p>Le taux d'usure moyen et la profondeur des traces d'usure des plaques céramiques en silicate d'alumine à différentes températures ont été mesurés à l'aide de la méthode suivante <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> Optical Profiler comme résumé dans <b><i>FIGURE 3</i></b>. La profondeur de la trace d'usure est en accord avec celle enregistrée par LVDT. La plaque en céramique de silicate d'alumine présente un taux d'usure sensiblement accru de ~0,5 mm3/Nm à 800°C, par rapport aux taux d'usure inférieurs à 0,2 mm3/Nm à des températures inférieures à 400°C. La plaque en céramique de silicate d'alumine ne présente pas de propriétés mécaniques/tribologiques significativement améliorées après le court processus de chauffage, possédant un taux d'usure comparable avant et après le traitement thermique.</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">La céramique de silicate d'alumine, également connue sous le nom de lave et de pierre des merveilles, est molle et usinable avant le traitement thermique. Un long processus de cuisson à des températures élevées (jusqu'à 1093°C) peut considérablement améliorer sa dureté et sa résistance, après quoi un usinage au diamant est nécessaire. Cette caractéristique unique fait de la céramique de silicate d'alumine un matériau idéal pour la sculpture.</span></p><p>Dans cette étude, nous montrons que le traitement thermique à une température inférieure à celle requise pour la cuisson (800°C vs 1093°C) dans un temps court n'améliore pas les caractéristiques mécaniques et tribologiques de la céramique de silicate d'alumine, faisant de la cuisson appropriée un processus essentiel pour ce matériau avant son utilisation dans les applications réelles.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1687" height="1211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Wear-rate-and-wear-track-depth-of-the-sample-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9962" alt="Taux d&#039;usure et profondeur des traces d&#039;usure de l&#039;échantillon à différentes températures 1" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>FIGURE 3. </i></b>
Taux d'usure et profondeur des traces d'usure de l'échantillon à différentes températures</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Sur la base de l'analyse tribologique complète de cette étude, nous montrons que la plaque en céramique de silicate d'alumine présente un coefficient de frottement comparable à différentes températures, de la température ambiante à 800°C. Cependant, elle présente un taux d'usure sensiblement accru de ~0,5 mm3/Nm à 800°C, ce qui démontre l'importance d'un traitement thermique approprié de cette céramique.</p><p>Les tribomètres NANOVEA sont capables d'évaluer les propriétés tribologiques des matériaux pour des applications à des températures élevées allant jusqu'à 1000°C. La fonction de mesure in situ du COF et de la profondeur des traces d'usure permet aux utilisateurs de corréler les différentes étapes du processus d'usure avec l'évolution du COF, ce qui est essentiel pour améliorer la compréhension fondamentale du mécanisme d'usure et des caractéristiques tribologiques des matériaux utilisés à des températures élevées.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Les tribomètres NANOVEA offrent des tests d'usure et de friction précis et répétables en utilisant des modes rotatifs et linéaires conformes aux normes ISO et ASTM, avec des modules optionnels d'usure à haute température, de lubrification et de tribo-corrosion disponibles dans un système pré-intégré. La gamme inégalée de NANOVEA est une solution idéale pour déterminer la gamme complète des propriétés tribologiques des revêtements, films et substrats minces ou épais, souples ou durs.</p><p>Des profileurs 3D sans contact sont disponibles en option pour l'imagerie 3D haute résolution des traces d'usure en plus d'autres mesures de surface telles que la rugosité.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="546" height="308" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-1-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9973" alt="MESURE DE L&#039;USURE IN-SITU" />															</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/mesure-in-situ-de-lusure-a-haute-temperature/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Analyse de la surface des écailles de poisson à l'aide d'un profileur optique 3D</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/analyse-de-surface-a-lechelle-du-poisson-a-laide-dun-profileur-optique-3d/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fish-scale-surface-analysis-using-3d-optical-profiler</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/analyse-de-surface-a-lechelle-du-poisson-a-laide-dun-profileur-optique-3d/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 02:56:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10003</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Analyse de la surface des écailles de poisson à l'aide d'un profileur optique 3D En savoir plus</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/analyse-de-surface-a-lechelle-du-poisson-a-laide-dun-profileur-optique-3d/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10003" class="elementor elementor-10003" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Analyse de la surface des écailles de poisson à l'aide d'un profileur optique 3D</p><p>En savoir plus</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ANALYSE DE LA SURFACE DES ÉCAILLES DE POISSON</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">en utilisant le PROFILER OPTIQUE 3D</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-08.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10005" alt="Profilomètre à écailles de poisson" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Andrea Novitsky</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCTION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La morphologie, les motifs et d&#039;autres caractéristiques d&#039;une écaille de poisson sont étudiés à l&#039;aide du NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Profileur optique 3D sans contact</a>. La nature délicate de cet échantillon biologique ainsi que ses rainures très petites et fortement inclinées soulignent également l&#039;importance de la technique sans contact du profileur. Les rainures de l&#039;échelle sont appelées cercles et peuvent être étudiées pour estimer l&#039;âge du poisson, et même distinguer des périodes de taux de croissance différents, semblables aux cernes d&#039;un arbre. Il s’agit d’informations très importantes pour la gestion des populations de poissons sauvages afin de prévenir la surpêche.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Importance de la profilométrie 3D sans contact pour les études biologiques</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Contrairement à d'autres techniques telles que les palpeurs tactiles ou l'interférométrie, le profileur optique 3D sans contact, qui utilise le chromatisme axial, peut mesurer presque toutes les surfaces. La taille des échantillons peut varier considérablement grâce à la mise en scène ouverte et aucune préparation d'échantillon n'est nécessaire. Les caractéristiques allant du nanomètre au macromètre sont obtenues pendant la mesure du profil de la surface, sans aucune influence de la réflectivité ou de l'absorption de l'échantillon. L'instrument offre une capacité avancée de mesurer des angles de surface élevés sans manipulation logicielle des résultats. Tout matériau peut être facilement mesuré, qu'il soit transparent, opaque, spéculaire, diffus, poli ou rugueux. La technique offre une capacité idéale, large et conviviale pour maximiser les études de surface ainsi que les avantages des capacités combinées 2D et 3D.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJECTIF DE MESURE</p>								</div>
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									<p>Dans cette application, nous présentons NANOVEA ST400, un profileur 3D sans contact doté d'un capteur à grande vitesse, qui permet une analyse complète de la surface d'une échelle.</p><p>L'instrument a été utilisé pour scanner l'ensemble de l'échantillon, ainsi qu'un scan à plus haute résolution de la zone centrale. La rugosité de la surface extérieure et intérieure de l'écaille a également été mesurée à des fins de comparaison.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>ST400</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="808" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Optical-Profilometry-ST400.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9556" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Caractérisation de surface 3D et 2D de l'écaille extérieure</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La vue 3D et la vue en fausses couleurs de l'écaille extérieure montrent une structure complexe semblable à une empreinte digitale ou aux anneaux d'un arbre. Les utilisateurs disposent ainsi d'un outil simple pour observer directement la caractérisation de la surface de l'écaille sous différents angles. Diverses autres mesures de l'écaille extérieure sont présentées, ainsi que la comparaison des côtés extérieur et intérieur de l'écaille.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="519" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-False-Color.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10009" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="466" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-3D-View.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10010" alt="Profilomètre à échelle de poisson à vue 3D" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="687" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometry-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10011" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Volume.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10014" alt="Profilomètre 3D à volume de balayage en écailles de poisson" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="340" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Scan-Step-Height.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10015" alt="Scanner d&#039;écailles de poisson Hauteur d&#039;étape Profileur optique 3D" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>COMPARAISON DE LA RUGOSITÉ DE LA SURFACE</span> <br style="font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;line-height: normal;text-align: -webkit-auto;text-transform: none"></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="424" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-3D-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10016" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="380" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Fish-Scale-Profilometer-3D-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-10017" alt="Profilomètre à écailles de poisson Scanning 3D" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Dans cette application, nous avons montré comment le profileur optique sans contact NANOVEA 3D peut caractériser une écaille de poisson de diverses manières. </p><p>Les surfaces externe et interne de l'écaille peuvent être facilement distinguées par la seule rugosité de surface, avec des valeurs de rugosité de 15,92μm et 1,56μm respectivement. En outre, des informations précises et exactes peuvent être obtenues sur une écaille de poisson en analysant les rainures, ou circuli, sur la surface externe de l'écaille. La distance des bandes de circuli par rapport au foyer central a été mesurée, et la hauteur des circuli s'est également avérée être d'environ 58μm de haut en moyenne. </p><p>Les données présentées ici ne représentent qu'une partie des calculs disponibles dans le logiciel d'analyse.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/analyse-de-surface-a-lechelle-du-poisson-a-laide-dun-profileur-optique-3d/">Fish Scale Surface Analysis Using 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Balayage de fréquence d'une analyse mécanique dynamique (DMA) sur un polymère</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/nanoindentation-dma-frequence-sweep-on-polymer/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dynamic-mechanical-analysis-frequency-sweep-on-polymer</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/nanoindentation-dma-frequence-sweep-on-polymer/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2020 00:21:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Loss and Storage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9335</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>DMA FREQUENCY SWEEP ON POLYMER USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS FREQUENCY SWEEP TEST The changing frequency of the stress often leads to variations in the complex modulus, which is a critical mechanical property of polymers. For example, tires are subjected to cyclical high deformations when vehicles are [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/nanoindentation-dma-frequence-sweep-on-polymer/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9335" class="elementor elementor-9335" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">BALAYAGE DE FRÉQUENCE DMA</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">SUR LE POLYMÈRE EN UTILISANT LA NANOINDENTATION</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="282" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/DMA-FREQUENCY-SWEEP-on-Polymer-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9336" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li, PhD</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCTION</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTANCE DE L'ANALYSE MÉCANIQUE DYNAMIQUE ESSAI DE BALAYAGE DE FRÉQUENCE</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La fréquence variable des contraintes entraîne souvent des variations du module complexe, qui constitue une propriété mécanique critique des polymères. Par exemple, les pneumatiques sont soumis à de fortes déformations cycliques lorsque les véhicules circulent sur la route. La fréquence de la pression et de la déformation change à mesure que la voiture accélère vers des vitesses plus élevées. Un tel changement peut entraîner une variation des propriétés viscoélastiques du pneu, qui sont des facteurs importants dans les performances de la voiture. Un test fiable et reproductible du comportement viscoélastique des polymères à différentes fréquences est nécessaire. Le module Nano du NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">Testeur Méchanique </a>génère une charge sinusoïdale par un actionneur piézo-électrique de haute précision et mesure directement l&#039;évolution de la force et du déplacement à l&#039;aide d&#039;une cellule de charge et d&#039;un condensateur ultrasensibles. La combinaison d&#039;une configuration facile et d&#039;une grande précision en fait un outil idéal pour le balayage de fréquence d&#039;analyse mécanique dynamique.</p>								</div>
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									<p>Les matériaux viscoélastiques présentent à la fois des caractéristiques visqueuses et élastiques lorsqu'ils subissent une déformation. Les longues chaînes moléculaires des matériaux polymères contribuent à leurs propriétés viscoélastiques uniques, c'est-à-dire une combinaison des caractéristiques des solides élastiques et des fluides newtoniens. La contrainte, la température, la fréquence et d'autres facteurs jouent tous un rôle dans les propriétés viscoélastiques. L'analyse mécanique dynamique, également appelée DMA, étudie le comportement viscoélastique et le module complexe du matériau en appliquant une contrainte sinusoïdale et en mesurant la variation de la déformation.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJECTIF DE MESURE</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>Dans cette application, nous étudions les propriétés viscoélastiques d&#039;un échantillon de pneu poli à différentes fréquences DMA à l&#039;aide du testeur mécanique le plus puissant, NANOVEA PB1000, dans <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">Nanoindentation</a> mode.</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>PB1000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9934" alt="nanoindentateur et testeur de rayures Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONDITIONS DE TEST</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">FREQUENCES (Hz) :</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>0.1, 1.5, 10, 20</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TEMPS DE REPTATION À CHAQUE FRÉQUENCE.</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">50 secondes</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TENSION D'OSCILLATION</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">0.1 V</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TENSION DE CHARGE</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1 V</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">type de pénétrateur</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Sphérique</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Diamant | 100 μm</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="270" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Tire-Sample-Lab-Testing-DMA.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9339" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>RÉSULTATS ET DISCUSSION</i></h2>				</div>
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									<p>Le balayage de fréquence de l'analyse mécanique dynamique à la charge maximale permet une mesure rapide et simple des caractéristiques viscoélastiques de l'échantillon à différentes fréquences de chargement en un seul essai. Le déphasage et les amplitudes des ondes de charge et de déplacement à différentes fréquences peuvent être utilisés pour calculer une variété de propriétés viscoélastiques fondamentales du matériau, notamment <i>Module de stockage</i>, <i>Module de perte</i> et <i>Tan (δ)</i> comme le montrent les graphiques suivants. </p><p>Les fréquences de 1, 5, 10 et 20 Hz dans cette étude, correspondent à des vitesses d'environ 7, 33, 67 et 134 km par heure. Lorsque la fréquence d'essai augmente de 0,1 à 20 Hz, on peut observer que le module de stockage et le module de perte augmentent progressivement. Le Tan (δ) diminue de ~0,27 à 0,18 lorsque la fréquence augmente de 0,1 à 1 Hz, puis il augmente progressivement jusqu'à ~0,55 lorsque la fréquence de 20 Hz est atteinte. Le balayage de fréquence de la DMA permet de mesurer les tendances du module de stockage, du module de perte et du Tan (δ), qui fournissent des informations sur le mouvement des monomères et la réticulation ainsi que sur la transition vitreuse des polymères. En augmentant la température à l'aide d'une plaque chauffante pendant le balayage de fréquence, on peut obtenir une image plus complète de la nature du mouvement moléculaire dans différentes conditions d'essai.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>ÉVOLUTION DE LA CHARGE ET DE LA PROFONDEUR</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>DU BALAYAGE COMPLET DE LA FRÉQUENCE DU DMA</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="374" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-DMA-Frequency-Sweep.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9352" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>Charge et profondeur en fonction du temps à différentes fréquences</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="794" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Load-and-Depth-vs-Time-at-DMA-Frequencies.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9353" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>MODULE DE STOCKAGE</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>À DIFFÉRENTES FRÉQUENCES</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Storage-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9343" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>MODULE DE PERTE</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>À DIFFÉRENTES FRÉQUENCES</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="868" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Loss-Modulus-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9344" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>À DIFFÉRENTES FRÉQUENCES</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="644" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/TAN-δ-DMA-Frequencies.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9345" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Dans cette étude, nous avons montré la capacité du testeur mécanique NANOVEA à effectuer le test de balayage de fréquence de l'analyse mécanique dynamique sur un échantillon de pneu. Ce test mesure les propriétés viscoélastiques du pneu à différentes fréquences de contrainte. Le pneu montre une augmentation du module de stockage et de perte lorsque la fréquence de chargement augmente de 0,1 à 20 Hz. Il fournit des informations utiles sur les comportements viscoélastiques du pneu fonctionnant à différentes vitesses, ce qui est essentiel pour améliorer les performances des pneus pour des trajets plus doux et plus sûrs. Le test de balayage de fréquence de la DMA peut être effectué à différentes températures pour imiter l'environnement de travail réaliste du pneu sous différentes conditions météorologiques.</p><p>Dans le module Nano du testeur mécanique NANOVEA, l'application de la charge avec le piézo rapide est indépendante de la mesure de la charge effectuée par une jauge de contrainte séparée à haute sensibilité. Cela présente un avantage certain lors de l'analyse mécanique dynamique puisque la phase entre la profondeur et la charge est mesurée directement à partir des données recueillies par le capteur. Le calcul de la phase est direct et ne nécessite pas de modélisation mathématique qui ajoute de l'imprécision à la perte résultante et au module de stockage. Ce n'est pas le cas pour un système à bobine.</p><p>En conclusion, la DMA mesure le module de perte et de stockage, le module complexe et le Tan (δ) en fonction de la profondeur de contact, du temps et de la fréquence. Un étage de chauffage optionnel permet de déterminer la température de transition de phase des matériaux pendant la DMA. Les testeurs mécaniques NANOVEA offrent des modules multifonctions Nano et Micro inégalés sur une seule plateforme. Les modules Nano et Micro comprennent tous deux des modes de test de rayure, de dureté et d'usure, offrant ainsi la gamme de tests la plus large et la plus conviviale disponible sur un seul module.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/nanoindentation-dma-frequence-sweep-on-polymer/">Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Frequency Sweep on Polymer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Topographie de la lentille de Fresnel</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/lentille-de-fresnel-topographie/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fresnel-lens-topography</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/lentille-de-fresnel-topographie/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 17:47:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9253</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FRESNEL LENS TOPOGRAPHYUSING 3D NON-CONTACT OPTICAL PROFILOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li &#38; Benjamin Mell INTRODUCTION A lens is an optical device of axial symmetry that transmits and refracts light. A simple lens consists of a single optical component for converging or diverging the light. Even though spherical surfaces are not ideal shape for making a lens, they [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/lentille-de-fresnel-topographie/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9253" class="elementor elementor-9253" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<h1 style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 60px; color: #1b96cf; display: block;">TOPOGRAPHIE DE LA LENTILLE DE FRESNEL</span><span style="font-size: 32px; color: #000;">UTILISATION </span><span style="font-size: 32px;">3D </span><span style="font-size: 32px; font-family: inherit;">PROFILOMÈTRE OPTIQUE SANS CONTACT</span></h1>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Inspection-Lighthouse.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9254" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Préparé par</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li &amp; Benjamin Mell</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCTION</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">Une lentille est un dispositif optique à symétrie axiale qui transmet et réfracte la lumière. Une lentille simple est constituée d'un seul composant optique permettant de faire converger ou diverger la lumière. Même si les surfaces sphériques ne sont pas la forme idéale pour fabriquer une lentille, elles sont souvent utilisées comme la forme la plus simple à laquelle le verre peut être meulé et poli.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Une lentille de Fresnel est constituée d'une série d'anneaux concentriques, qui sont les parties fines d'une lentille simple dont la largeur ne dépasse pas quelques millièmes de pouce. Les lentilles de Fresnel ont une grande ouverture et une courte distance focale, et leur conception compacte réduit le poids et le volume des matériaux nécessaires, par rapport aux lentilles classiques ayant les mêmes propriétés optiques. Une très faible quantité de lumière est perdue par absorption en raison de la géométrie fine de la lentille de Fresnel.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTANCE DE LA PROFILOMETRIE 3D SANS CONTACT POUR L'INSPECTION DES LENTILLES DE FRESNEL</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Les lentilles de Fresnel sont largement utilisées dans l&#039;industrie automobile, les phares, l&#039;énergie solaire et les systèmes d&#039;atterrissage optiques pour les porte-avions. Le moulage ou l’estampage des lentilles à partir de plastiques transparents peut rendre leur production rentable. La qualité de service des lentilles de Fresnel dépend principalement de la précision et de la qualité de surface de leur anneau concentrique. Contrairement à une technique de palpage, NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Profilers optiques</a> effectuer des mesures de surface 3D sans toucher la surface, évitant ainsi le risque de créer de nouvelles rayures. La technique Chromatic Light est idéale pour numériser avec précision des formes complexes, telles que des lentilles de géométries différentes.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">SCHÉMA DE LA LENTILLE DE FRESNEL</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="423" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Schematic-Technical-Drawing.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9263" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Les lentilles de Fresnel en plastique transparent peuvent être fabriquées par moulage ou estampage. Un contrôle de qualité précis et efficace est essentiel pour révéler les moules ou les timbres de production défectueux. En mesurant la hauteur et le pas des anneaux concentriques, les variations de production peuvent être détectées en comparant les valeurs mesurées aux valeurs de spécification données par le fabricant de la lentille.</p><p>La mesure précise du profil de la lentille garantit que les moules ou les étampes sont correctement usinés pour répondre aux spécifications du fabricant. En outre, le tampon peut s'user progressivement avec le temps, ce qui lui fait perdre sa forme initiale. Une déviation constante par rapport aux spécifications du fabricant de la lentille est une indication positive que le moule doit être remplacé.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">OBJECTIF DE MESURE</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Dans cette application, nous présentons le NANOVEA ST400, un profileur 3D sans contact équipé d'un capteur haute vitesse, qui permet une analyse complète du profil 3D d'un composant optique de forme complexe. Afin de démontrer les capacités remarquables de notre technologie Chromatic Light, l'analyse des contours est effectuée sur une lentille de Fresnel.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">ST400 Grande surface</span><br />Profilomètre optique 3D</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>La lentille de Fresnel en acrylique de 2,3" x 2,3" utilisée pour cette étude est composée de </i></p><p><i>une série d'anneaux concentriques et un profil de section transversale dentelé complexe. </i></p><p><i>Il a une longueur focale de 1,5", un diamètre de taille effective de 2,0", </i></p><p><i>125 rainures par pouce, et un indice de réfraction de 1,49.</i></p>								</div>
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									<p><em>Le scan NANOVEA ST400 de la lentille de Fresnel montre une augmentation notable de la hauteur des anneaux concentriques, en partant du centre vers l'extérieur.</em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="639" height="541" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Scan-Evaluation-Quality-Control.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9271" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2D FALSE COLOR</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>Représentation de la hauteur</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="797" height="564" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-3D-Scan-Profilometer-Topography.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9272" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VUE 3D</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>PROFILÉ EXTRAIT</i></b></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="297" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-QC-Extracted-Profiler.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9273" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>PEAK &amp; VALLEY </i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>Analyse dimensionnelle du profil</i></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="464" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Fresnel-Lens-Dimensional-Analysis-of-the-Profile.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9274" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Dans cette application, nous avons montré que le profileur optique sans contact NANOVEA ST400 mesure avec précision la topographie de la surface des lentilles de Fresnel. </p><p>Les dimensions de la hauteur et du pas peuvent être déterminées avec précision à partir du profil dentelé complexe à l'aide du logiciel d'analyse NANOVEA. Les utilisateurs peuvent contrôler efficacement la qualité des moules ou des timbres de production en comparant les dimensions de la hauteur et du pas de l'anneau des lentilles fabriquées à la spécification de l'anneau idéal.</p><p>Les données présentées ici ne représentent qu'une partie des calculs disponibles dans le logiciel d'analyse. </p><p>Les profileurs optiques NANOVEA mesurent pratiquement n'importe quelle surface dans des domaines tels que les semi-conducteurs, la microélectronique, le solaire, les fibres optiques, l'automobile, l'aérospatiale, la métallurgie, l'usinage, les revêtements, l'industrie pharmaceutique, le biomédical, l'environnement et bien d'autres encore.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Vous avez une application similaire ?</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">DISCUTER AVEC UN EXPERT MAINTENANT</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/lentille-de-fresnel-topographie/">Fresnel Lens Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Inspection des pièces usinées</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/fr/inspection-des-pieces-usinees-2/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=machined-parts-inspection</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/fr/inspection-des-pieces-usinees-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2020 21:17:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=9130</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/inspection-des-pieces-usinees-2/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="9130" class="elementor elementor-9130" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PIÈCES USINÉES</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">inspection à partir d'un modèle CAO à l'aide de la profilométrie 3D</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Auteur :</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li, PhD</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Révisé par</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Jocelyn Esparza</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="224" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machined-Parts-Inspection.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9131" alt="Inspection de pièces usinées avec un profilomètre" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUCTION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La demande d'usinage de précision capable de créer des géométries complexes est en hausse dans un large éventail d'industries. Qu'il s'agisse de l'aérospatiale, de la médecine, de l'automobile, des engrenages, des machines ou des instruments de musique, l'innovation et l'évolution continues poussent les attentes et les normes de précision vers de nouveaux sommets. Par conséquent, nous constatons une augmentation de la demande de techniques et d'instruments d'inspection rigoureux afin de garantir la plus haute qualité des produits.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Importance de la profilométrie 3D sans contact pour le contrôle des pièces</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La comparaison des propriétés des pièces usinées avec leurs modèles CAO est essentielle pour vérifier les tolérances et le respect des normes de production. L'inspection pendant la période de service est également cruciale, car l'usure des pièces peut nécessiter leur remplacement. L'identification en temps utile de tout écart par rapport aux spécifications requises permet d'éviter des réparations coûteuses, des arrêts de production et une réputation ternie.</p><p>Contrairement à une technique de palpage, le NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">Profilers optiques</a> effectuez des numérisations de surfaces 3D sans contact, permettant des mesures rapides, précises et non destructives de formes complexes avec la plus haute précision.</p>								</div>
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									<p>OBJECTIF DE MESURE</p>								</div>
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									<p>Dans cette application, nous présentons le NANOVEA HS2000, un profileur 3D sans contact doté d'un capteur à grande vitesse, qui effectue une inspection complète de la dimension, du rayon et de la rugosité de la surface. </p><p>Le tout en moins de 40 secondes.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>HS2000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/hs2000/">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">MODÈLE DE CAO</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Une mesure précise de la dimension et de la rugosité de surface de la pièce usinée est essentielle pour s'assurer qu'elle répond aux spécifications, tolérances et finitions de surface souhaitées. Le modèle 3D et le dessin technique de la pièce à inspecter sont présentés ci-dessous.&nbsp;</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Quality-Control.png" title="" alt="" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">VUE EN FAUSSE COULEUR</h2>				</div>
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									<p>La vue en fausses couleurs du modèle CAO et la surface de la pièce usinée scannée sont comparées dans la FIGURE 3. La variation de hauteur sur la surface de l'échantillon peut être observée par le changement de couleur.</p><p>Trois profils 2D sont extraits du balayage de la surface 3D, comme indiqué sur la FIGURE 2, afin de vérifier davantage la tolérance dimensionnelle de la pièce usinée.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="973" height="1024" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Profilometry.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9137" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">COMPARAISON DES PROFILS ET RÉSULTATS</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Les profils 1 à 3 sont illustrés aux FIGURES 3 à 5. Un contrôle quantitatif de la tolérance est effectué en comparant le profil mesuré avec le modèle CAO afin de respecter des normes de fabrication rigoureuses. Le profil 1 et le profil 2 mesurent le rayon de différentes zones sur la pièce usinée incurvée. La variation de hauteur du profil 2 est de 30 µm sur une longueur de 156 mm, ce qui répond à l'exigence de tolérance souhaitée de ±125 µm. </p><p>En définissant une valeur limite de tolérance, le logiciel d'analyse peut déterminer automatiquement la réussite ou l'échec de la pièce usinée.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1651" height="767" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9138" alt="Inspection de pièces de machines avec un profilomètre" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="262" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-2.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9139" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>La rugosité et l'uniformité de la surface de la pièce usinée jouent un rôle important pour garantir sa qualité et sa fonctionnalité. La FIGURE 6 est une surface extraite du scan parent de la pièce usinée qui a été utilisée pour quantifier l'état de surface. La rugosité moyenne de la surface (Sa) a été calculée à 2,31 µm.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="313" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Machine-Parts-Inspection-with-a-Profilometer-3.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9140" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSION</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Dans cette étude, nous avons montré comment le profileur sans contact NANOVEA HS2000, équipé d'un capteur à haute vitesse, effectue un contrôle complet des dimensions et de la rugosité de la surface. </p><p>Les scans haute résolution permettent aux utilisateurs de mesurer la morphologie détaillée et les caractéristiques de surface des pièces usinées et de les comparer quantitativement avec leurs modèles CAO. L'instrument est également capable de détecter tous les défauts, y compris les rayures et les fissures. </p><p>L'analyse avancée des contours est un outil inégalé qui permet non seulement de déterminer si les pièces usinées répondent aux spécifications définies, mais aussi d'évaluer les mécanismes de défaillance des composants usés.</p><p>Les données présentées ici ne représentent qu'une partie des calculs possibles avec le logiciel d'analyse avancé qui est fourni avec chaque profileur optique NANOVEA.</p><div> </div>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr/inspection-des-pieces-usinees-2/">Machined Parts Inspection</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/fr">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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