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	<title>旋转摩擦学应用笔记 - NANOVEA：用于材料测试的先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损仪、纳米压痕仪和划痕测试仪</title>
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	<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/目录/申请-说明/摩擦学测试/旋转摩擦学/</link>
	<description>用于材料研究和质量控制的计量仪器</description>
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	<title>旋转摩擦学应用笔记 - NANOVEA：用于材料测试的先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损仪、纳米压痕仪和划痕测试仪</title>
	<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/目录/申请-说明/摩擦学测试/旋转摩擦学/</link>
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		<title>使用 NANOVEA 摩擦仪测试岩石磨蚀性</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/rock-abrasivity-testing/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=rock-abrasivity-testing</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/rock-abrasivity-testing/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>2023 年 9 月 13 日星期三 17:07:17 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=23217</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>ROCK TRIBOLOGY:ROCK ABRASIVITY TESTING USING NANOVEA TRIBOMETER Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD INTRODUCTION Rocks are composed of grains of minerals. The type and abundance of these minerals, as well as the chemical bonding strength between the mineral grains, determine the mechanical and tribological properties of the rocks. Depending on the geological rock cycles, rocks can [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/rock-abrasivity-testing/">Rock Abrasivity Testing with NANOVEA Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<h1 style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 80px; color: #1b96cf; display: block;">岩石摩擦学：</span><span style="font-size: 32px; color: #000;">使用纳米凹凸磨耗测试仪进行岩石磨蚀性测试</span></h1>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/rock-tribology-NANOVEA.jpg" title="" alt="岩石摩擦学：使用纳诺维亚摩擦磨损仪测试岩石磨蚀性" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-390b389 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="390b389" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									岩石由矿物颗粒组成。这些矿物的类型和丰度，以及矿物颗粒之间的化学键合强度，决定了岩石的机械和摩擦学特性。根据地质岩石循环，岩石可以发生转变，通常分为三种主要类型：火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩。这些岩石表现出不同的矿物和化学成分、渗透性和颗粒尺寸，这些特性导致了它们不同的耐磨性。岩石摩擦学研究岩石在各种地质和环境条件下的磨损和摩擦行为。								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">岩石磨料检测的重要性</h3>				</div>
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									<p>在钻井过程中，岩石会发生各种类型的磨损，包括擦伤和摩擦，导致钻头和切削工具的维修和更换造成重大的直接和间接损失。因此，岩石的可钻性、可钻性、可切削性和磨蚀性的研究在石油、天然气和采矿业中至关重要。岩石摩擦学研究在选择最有效和最具成本效益的钻井策略方面发挥着关键作用，从而提高整体效率并有助于保护材料、能源和环境。此外，最大限度地减少表面摩擦对于减少钻头和岩石之间的相互作用非常有利，从而减少工具磨损并提高钻孔/切割效率。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量目标</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们对两种岩石的摩擦学特性进行了模拟和比较，以展示 <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">纳诺维亚 T50 摩擦磨损测试仪</a> 以受控和监测的方式测量岩石的摩擦系数和磨损率。</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">T50 紧凑型</span><br>自由重量摩擦磨损测试仪</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
							<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="434" height="432" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/NANOVEA-T50-Tribometer-for-Wear-Test.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-22861" alt="NANOVEA TRIBOMETER：石灰石和大理石磨蚀性测试" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">样品</h2>				</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/marble-and-limestone-wear-and-friction.jpg" title="" alt="大理石和石灰石磨损与摩擦测试 - 岩石摩擦学" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试程序</h2>				</div>
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									<p>使用 Pin-on-Disc 磨损模块的 NANOVEA T50 摩擦磨损试验机评估了两个岩石样品的摩擦系数、COF 和耐磨性。 Al2O3 球（直径 6 mm）用作计数器材料。测试后使用 NANOVEA 非接触式轮廓仪检查磨损轨迹。测试参数总结如下。</p><p>磨损率K的计算公式为K=V/(F×s)=A/(F×n)，其中V为磨损体积，F为法向载荷，s为滑动距离，A为磨损轨迹的横截面积，n 是转数。使用 NANOVEA 光学轮廓仪评估表面粗糙度和磨损轨迹轮廓，并使用光学显微镜检查磨损轨迹形态。</p><p>请注意，本研究中以 Al2O3 球作为计数器材料为例。任何不同形状的固体材料都可以使用定制夹具来模拟实际应用情况。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试参数</h2>				</div>
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<td style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">样本</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 52.497%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>石灰石、大理石</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">耐磨环半径 </strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 52.497%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>5毫米</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">常态力</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 52.497%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>10 N</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">测试时间</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 52.497%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>10分钟</strong></em></td>
</tr>
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<td style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">速度</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 52.497%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>100转/分</strong></em></td>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果与讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>图 1 使用 NANOVEA 机械测试仪的微压痕模块对石灰石和大理石样品的硬度 (H) 和弹性模量 (E) 进行了比较。石灰岩样品表现出较低的 H 和 E 值，分别为 0.53 和 25.9 GPa，而大理石样品的 H 值为 1.07，E 值为 49.6 GPa。石灰石样品可归因于其较大的表面不均匀性，这源于其颗粒状和多孔特性。</p><p>图 2 描绘了两个岩石样品磨损测试期间 COF 的演变。在磨损测试开始时，石灰石的 COF 最初快速增加至约 0.8，并在整个测试期间保持该值。 COF 的这种突然变化可归因于 Al2O3 球渗透到岩石样品中，这是由于磨损轨迹内接触面发生的快速磨损和粗糙化过程造成的。相比之下，在滑动距离约 5 米后，大理石样品的 COF 显着增加至更高的值，这表明与石灰石相比，其耐磨性更优异。</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/rock-hardness-test-NANOVEA.jpg" title="" alt="岩石硬度测试" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 石灰石和大理石样品的硬度和杨氏模量比较。.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Coefficient-of-Friction-Marble-and-Limestone.jpg" title="" alt="磨损试验中石灰石和大理石样品摩擦系数（COF）的变化" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 磨损测试过程中石灰石和大理石样品的摩擦系数 (COF) 的演变。</span></p>								</div>
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									图 3 比较了磨损测试后石灰石和大理石样品的横截面轮廓，表 1 总结了磨损轨迹分析的结果。图 4 显示了光学显微镜下样品的磨损痕迹。磨损轨迹评估与 COF 演变观察一致：大理石样品在较长时间内保持较低的 COF，其磨损率较低，为 0.0046 mm3/N m，而石灰石的磨损率为 0.0353 mm3/N m。大理石优越的机械性能使其比石灰石具有更好的耐磨性。								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/rock-wear-tester.jpg" title="" alt="使用纳米凹凸磨耗测试仪进行岩石磨蚀性测试" loading="lazy" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 磨损轨迹的横截面轮廓。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1077" height="200" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/rock-tribology-testing-using-NANOVEA-Tribometer.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-24670" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 磨损轨迹分析结果总结。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="876" height="419" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/limestone-and-marble-tribometer-testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-24671" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;"> 光学显微镜下的磨损痕迹。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了 NANOVEA 摩擦磨损试验机以受控和监测的方式评估两种岩石样品（即大理石和石灰石）的摩擦系数和耐磨性的能力。大理石卓越的机械性能有助于其卓越的耐磨性。这种特性使得石油和天然气行业的钻探或切割变得具有挑战性。相反，当用作高质量建筑材料（例如地砖）时，它的使用寿命会显着延长。</p><p>NANOVEA 摩擦磨损试验机提供精确且可重复的磨损和摩擦测试功能，在旋转和线性模式下均符合 ISO 和 ASTM 标准。此外，它还提供用于高温磨损、润滑和摩擦腐蚀的可选模块，所有这些模块都无缝集成到一个系统中。 NANOVEA 无与伦比的系列是确定薄或厚、软或硬涂层、薄膜、基材和岩石摩擦学的全方位摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/rock-abrasivity-testing/">Rock Abrasivity Testing with NANOVEA Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>工业涂料的划痕和磨损评估</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%9a%e6%b6%82%e6%96%99-%e5%88%92%e7%97%95%e5%92%8c%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=industrial-coatings-scratch-and-wear-evaluation</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Fri, 27 May 2022 22:23:41 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friction Testing | Coefficient of Friction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scratch Testing | Adhesive Failure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scratch Testing | Cohesive Failure]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=20021</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>INDUSTRIAL COATING SCRATCH AND WEAR EVALUATION USING A TRIBOMETER Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD &#38; ANDREA HERRMANN INTRODUCTION Acrylic urethane paint is a type of fast-dry protective coating widely used in a variety of industrial applications, such as floor paint, auto paint, and others. When used as floor paint, it can serve areas with heavy [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%9a%e6%b6%82%e6%96%99-%e5%88%92%e7%97%95%e5%92%8c%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/">Industrial Coatings Scratch and Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="20021" class="elementor elementor-20021" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">工业涂料</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用摩擦试验机进行划痕和磨损评估</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="242" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coatings-Evaluation.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-20025" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰博士和安德烈亚-赫尔曼博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>丙烯酸聚氨酯漆是一种快干保护涂料，广泛用于各种工业应用，如地板漆、汽车漆等。当作为地坪漆使用时，它可以服务于人流和胶轮车流量大的地方，如人行道、路边和停车场。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕和磨损测试对质量控制的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p>传统上，根据ASTM D4060标准，采用Taber磨损试验来评估丙烯酸聚氨酯地坪漆的耐磨性。然而，正如标准中所提到的，"对于某些材料，由于测试过程中车轮的磨料特性发生变化，使用Taber磨料磨具进行的磨损测试可能会发生变化。“1这可能导致检测结果的可重复性差，并造成比较不同实验室报告的值的困难。此外，在Taber磨损试验中，耐磨性计算为在指定次数的磨损循环下的重量损失。而丙烯酸聚氨酯地坪漆的推荐干膜厚度为37.5 ~ 50 μm2。</p><p>Taber Abraser的侵蚀性磨蚀过程可以迅速磨穿丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层，并造成基材的质量损失，从而导致涂料重量损失计算的巨大误差。在磨蚀试验过程中，磨料颗粒植入涂料中也会造成误差。因此，一个控制良好的可量化和可靠的测量对于确保涂料的可重复性磨损评估至关重要。此外，还有 <a href="https://nanovea.com/scratch-tester/">划痕测试</a> 允许用户在实际应用中检测到过早的粘合剂/胶粘剂失效。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量目标</h2>				</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了 NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦计 </a>和 <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">微纳米力学测试系统</a> 是工业涂料评估和质量控制的理想选择。</p>
<p>使用NANOVEA摩擦仪，以控制和监测的方式模拟不同面漆的丙烯酸聚氨酯地板漆的磨损过程。微量划痕测试被用来测量导致涂料内聚或粘合失效所需的负荷。</p>								</div>
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						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-911a059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="911a059" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t100/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="763" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-T100-Affordable-Tribometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9908" alt="紧凑型气动摩擦仪T100" />								</a>
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									<span style="color: #000000;">NANOVEA </span><span style="color: #1b96cf;">T100</span>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">紧凑型气动摩擦仪</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">了解更多</span>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="595" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/NANOVEA-Mechanical-Tester-PB1000.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-20051" alt="" />								</a>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;">NANOVEA </span><span style="color: #1b96cf;">PB1000</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">大型平台机械测试仪</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">了解更多</span>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试程序</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">本研究评估了四种市售的水性丙烯酸地板涂料，它们具有相同的底漆（基底漆）和相同配方的不同面漆，为了提高耐久性，在添加剂的混合上有小的变化。这四种涂料被确定为样品A、B、C和D。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="436" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Tribology.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20036" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">磨损测试</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">NANOVEA 摩擦计用于评估摩擦学行为，例如摩擦系数、COF 和耐磨性。将 SS440 球头（直径 6 毫米，等级 100）应用于测试涂料。 COF 是现场记录的。磨损率K的计算公式为K=V/(F×s)=A/(F×n)，其中V为磨损体积，F为法向载荷，s为滑动距离，A为磨损轨迹的横截面积，n是转数。表面粗糙度和磨损轨迹轮廓由 NANOVEA 评估 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">光学轮廓仪</a>，并使用光学显微镜检查磨损轨迹形态。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">磨损测试参数</h2>				</div>
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									<p>常态力</p>								</div>
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									<p>20 N</p>								</div>
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									<p>速度</p>								</div>
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									<p>15米/分钟</p>								</div>
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									<p>测试时间</p>								</div>
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									<p>100、150、300和800周期</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">配备了罗克韦尔C金刚石触控笔(200 μm半径)的NANOVEA机械测试仪使用微刮擦测试模式对油漆样品进行渐进负载刮擦测试。使用了两种最终负载:5 N的最终负载用于研究底漆上的油漆分层，35 N的最终负载用于研究金属基材上的底漆分层。对每个样品在相同的测试条件下重复进行三次测试，以确保结果的可重复性。</p><p style="text-align: left;">整个划痕长度的全景图像被自动生成，它们的临界失效位置被系统软件与施加的载荷相关联。这一软件功能便于用户随时对划痕进行分析，而不是在划痕测试后立即在显微镜下确定临界载荷。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试参数</h2>				</div>
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									<table style="width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>装载类型</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>渐进的</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>初始负载</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>0.01 mN</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>终极装载</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>5 N / 35 N</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>装载率</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>10 / 70 N/min</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>划痕长度</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>3毫米</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>刮擦速度，dx/dt</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>6.0毫米/分钟</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>压头的几何形状</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>120º锥体</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>压印材料（尖端）</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>钻石</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: left; width: 67.7419%;"><em><strong>压头半径</strong></em></td><td style="width: 29.912%; text-align: right;"><em><strong>200 μm</strong></em></td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">磨损测试结果</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;">在不同转数(100、150、300和800循环)下，对每个样品进行了四次针对盘磨损试验，以监测磨损的演变。在进行磨损测试之前，用NANOVEA 3D非接触剖面仪测量样品的表面形貌，以量化表面粗糙度。所有样品的表面粗糙度均约为1 μm，如图1所示。COF在磨损试验中原地记录，如图2所示。图4为100、150、300和800循环后的磨损轨迹演变，图3为不同样品在磨损过程不同阶段的平均磨损率。</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">与其他三种样品的COF值~0.07相比，样品a的COF值在开始时要高得多，为~0.15，经过300次磨损循环后，COF值逐渐增加，稳定在~0.3。如此高的COF加速了磨损过程，并产生了大量的油漆碎片，如图4所示——样品a的面漆在前100转中已经开始被去除。如图3所示，样品A在前300个循环中磨损率最高，为~5 μm2/N，由于金属基体的耐磨性较好，磨损率略微下降到~3.5 μm2/N。样品C的面漆在150次磨损后开始失效，如图4所示，图2中COF的增加也说明了这一点。</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">相比之下，样品B和样品D表现出增强的摩擦学性能。样品B在整个测试过程中保持较低的COF - COF从~0.05轻微增加到~0.1。这样的润滑效果大大提高了它的耐磨性-面漆在800次磨损循环后仍然对底漆提供优越的保护。样品B在800次循环时的最低平均磨损率仅为~0.77 μm2/N。样品D的面漆在375次循环后开始分层，从图2中COF的突然增加可以看出。样品D在800次循环时的平均磨损率约为1.1 μm2/N。</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">与传统的Taber磨损测量相比，NANOVEA摩擦仪提供了良好控制的可量化和可靠的磨损评估，确保了商业地板/汽车涂料的可重复性评估和质量控制。此外，原位COF测量的能力使用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与COF的演变联系起来，这对于提高对各种油漆涂层的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本认识至关重要。</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7311885 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7311885" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="366" height="345" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coatings-Profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20026" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="366" height="345" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coatings-Roughness.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20027" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="366" height="345" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Roughness.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20031" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="366" height="345" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20035" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">涂料样品的三维形态和粗糙度。</span>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="719" height="508" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coatings-COF.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20024" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2: </span><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">在引脚磁盘测试期间，COF。</span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="719" height="508" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Wear-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20023" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3: </span><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">不同涂料的磨损率的演变。</span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="801" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Wear-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20037" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">钉盘试验期间磨损痕迹的演变。</span>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec03633 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ec03633" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">划痕测试结果</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;">图5显示了以样品A为例，法向力、摩擦力和真实深度与划痕长度的关系图。可以安装一个可选的声发射模块来提供更多信息。随着法向载荷的线性增加，压痕尖端逐渐下沉到被测样品中，这反映在真实深度的逐渐增加上。摩擦力和真实深度曲线的斜率变化可以作为涂层开始出现故障的含义之一。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="926" height="495" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Scratch-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20044" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图5: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">法向力、摩擦力和真实深度与划痕长度的关系。
最大载荷为5N的样品A的划痕测试。</span>
</span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;">图6和图7显示了在最大载荷为5N和35N的情况下测试的所有四个油漆样品的全部划痕。样品D需要更高的负荷，即50N才能使底漆脱层。在5N的最终载荷下的划痕测试（图6）评估了面漆的内聚/粘附失效，而在35N的测试（图7）评估了底漆的分层。显微照片中的箭头表示顶层涂料或底层涂料开始从底层或基材上完全脱落的点。在这一点上的载荷，即所谓的临界载荷，Lc，是用来比较涂料的内聚力或粘合力的，如表1所总结的。</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">很明显，油漆样品D具有最好的界面附着力——在油漆分层处显示出最高的Lc值4.04 N，在底漆分层处显示出36.61 N。样品B显示出第二好的耐刮性。从划痕分析中，我们发现涂料配方的优化对丙烯酸地板涂料的力学性能，或更具体地说，耐划痕性和粘附性至关重要。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="225" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-QC.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20030" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">表1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">关键负荷的总结。</span>
</span></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39ae57e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="39ae57e" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="196" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Scratch.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20042" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Scratch-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20041" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Scratch-Tester.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20040" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Coating-Scratch-QC-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20039" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图6: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">最大负荷为5N的完全划痕的显微照片。</span>
</span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Scratch-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20033" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Scratch-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20034" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="198" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Lab-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20029" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="148" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Industrial-Paint-Scratch-QC-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-20032" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图7: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">最大负荷为35N的完全划痕的显微照片。</span>
</span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;">与传统的Taber磨蚀测量相比，NANOVEA机械测试仪和摩擦仪是商业地板和汽车涂料评估和质量控制的卓越工具。NANOVEA机械测试仪在划痕模式下可以检测涂层系统中的附着力/内聚力问题。NANOVEA摩擦仪对涂料的耐磨性和摩擦系数提供了良好控制的可量化和可重复的摩擦学分析。</p><p> </p><p>基于对本研究中测试的水基丙烯酸地板涂料的综合摩擦学和机械分析，我们表明样品B拥有最低的COF和磨损率，以及第二好的耐刮擦性，而样品D表现出最好的耐刮擦性和第二好的耐磨性。这一评估使我们能够评估和选择针对不同应用环境需求的最佳候选人。</p><p> </p><p>NANOVEA机械测试仪的纳米和微模块都包括ISO和ASTM兼容的压痕，划痕和磨损测试模式，提供了最广泛的测试范围，可在单个模块上进行油漆评估。NANOVEA摩擦计使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并可在一个预先集成的系统中提供可选的高温磨损、润滑和摩擦腐蚀模块。NANOVEA无与伦比的范围是确定薄或厚、软或硬涂层、薄膜和基材的全套机械/摩擦学性能的理想解决方案，包括硬度、杨氏模量、断裂韧性、附着力、耐磨性和许多其他性能。可选NANOVEA非接触式光学剖面仪可用于划痕和磨损轨迹的高分辨率三维成像，以及其他表面测量，如粗糙度。</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%9a%e6%b6%82%e6%96%99-%e5%88%92%e7%97%95%e5%92%8c%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/">Industrial Coatings Scratch and Wear Evaluation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>使用摩擦仪测量砂纸的磨损性能</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%a0%82%e7%ba%b8-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%89%e5%9d%90%e6%a0%87%e4%bb%aa/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=sandpaper-abrasion-performance-using-a-tribometer</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%a0%82%e7%ba%b8-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%89%e5%9d%90%e6%a0%87%e4%bb%aa/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Mon, 01 Nov 2021 20:39:55 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liquid Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=16045</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>SANDPAPER ABRASION PERFORMANCE USING A TRIBOMETER Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD INTRODUCTION Sandpaper consists of abrasive particles glued to one face of a paper or cloth. Various abrasive materials can be used for the particles, such as garnet, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and diamond. Sandpaper is widely applied in a variety of industrial sectors to [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%a0%82%e7%ba%b8-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%89%e5%9d%90%e6%a0%87%e4%bb%aa/">Sandpaper Abrasion Performance Using a Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="16045" class="elementor elementor-16045" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">砂纸的磨损性能</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用摩擦仪</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="217" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Testing-Services.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16071" alt="砂纸磨损测试" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>砂纸由粘在纸或布的一面的磨料颗粒组成。颗粒可以使用各种研磨材料，如石榴石、碳化硅、氧化铝和金刚石。砂纸被广泛地应用于各种工业部门，在木材、金属和干墙上形成特定的表面处理。它们经常在由手工或电动工具施加的高压接触下工作。</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">评估砂纸磨损性能的重要性</h3>				</div>
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									<p>砂纸的有效性通常由其在不同条件下的磨损性能决定。粒度，即嵌入砂纸中的磨料颗粒的大小，决定了被打磨材料的磨损率和划痕大小。粒度较高的砂纸的颗粒较小，因此砂纸的打磨速度较低，表面效果较好。粒度相同但由不同材料制成的砂纸在干燥或潮湿条件下会有不一样的表现。需要进行可靠的摩擦学评估，以确保制造的砂纸具有预期的磨料行为。这些评估使用户能够以受控和监测的方式定量比较不同类型的砂纸的磨损行为，以便为目标应用选择最佳候选产品。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量目标</h2>				</div>
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									<p><em>本研究展示了NANOVEA T2000高负荷气动摩擦磨损试验机在干湿条件下定量评估各类砂纸样品耐磨性能的能力。.</em></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">T2000 高负荷<br /></span><span style="font-size: 20pt;">气动摩擦磨损试验机</span></p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t2000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="591" height="579" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/NANOVEA-Tribometer-T2000.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-20089" alt="纳诺维亚 T2000 高负载气动摩擦磨损测试仪" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试程序</h2>				</div>
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									<p>通过 NANOVEA T100 摩擦磨损试验机评估了两种砂纸的摩擦系数 (COF) 和磨损性能。使用440不锈钢球作为计数器材料。每次磨损测试后使用 NANOVEA 检查球磨损痕迹 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">3D 非接触式光学轮廓仪</a> 以确保精确的体积损失测量。</p><p>请注意，为了进行比较研究，我们选择了440不锈钢球作为反面材料，但任何固体材料都可以被替代，以模拟不同的应用条件。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="892" height="501" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Test-Parameters.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16033" alt="砂纸磨损测试参数" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="758" height="513" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Weat-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16034" alt="砂纸摩擦学测试" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试结果和讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>图1为干、湿环境条件下砂纸1和砂纸2的COF比较。在干燥条件下，砂纸1的COF在测试开始时为0.4，随后逐渐下降并稳定在0.3。在潮湿条件下，该样品的平均COF较低，为0.27。相比之下，样品2的COF结果显示干COF为0.27，湿COF为~ 0.37。 </p><p>请注意，所有COF图的数据中的振荡是由球在粗糙的砂纸表面的滑动运动产生的振动造成的。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="634" height="508" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-COF.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16030" alt="砂纸磨损系数" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">磨损测试期间COF的演变。</span> <br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p>图2总结了磨损疤痕的分析结果。磨损疤痕是用光学显微镜和NANOVEA 3D非接触式光学轮廓仪测量的。图3和图4比较了SS440球在砂纸1和2（湿和干条件）上的磨损试验后的磨损疤痕。如图4所示，NANOVEA光学轮廓仪精确地捕获了四个球的表面形貌及其各自的磨损痕迹，然后用NANOVEA Mountains高级分析软件进行处理，以计算出体积损失和磨损率。在球的显微镜和剖面图上可以看到，与其他球相比，用于砂纸1（干）测试的球表现出较大的扁平磨损痕，体积损失为0.313 <span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">毫米</span><sup style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">3</sup>.相比之下，砂纸1（湿）的体积损失为0.131 <span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">毫米</span><sup style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">3</sup>.对于砂纸2（干燥），体积损失为0.163 <span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">毫米</span><sup style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">3</sup> 而对于砂纸2（湿），体积损失增加到0.237 <span style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">毫米</span><sup style="color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">3</sup>.</p><p>此外，值得注意的是，COF对砂纸的磨损性能起着重要作用。砂纸1在干燥条件下表现出较高的COF，导致试验中使用的SS440球的磨蚀率较高。相比之下，砂纸2在湿润条件下的COF较高，导致了较高的磨损率。测量后的砂纸的磨损痕迹显示在图5中。</p>								</div>
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									<p>砂纸 1 和砂纸 2 均声称可在干燥和潮湿环境中使用。然而，它们在干燥和潮湿条件下表现出显着不同的耐磨性能。纳诺维娅 <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦计 </a>提供良好控制的可量化和可靠的磨损评估功能，确保可重复的磨损评估。此外，原位 COF 测量功能使用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与 COF 的演变联系起来，这对于提高对砂纸磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本了解至关重要</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="507" height="348" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Tribometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16029" alt="砂纸磨损摩擦学测试" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">在不同条件下，球的磨损疤痕体积和平均COF。</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="474" height="439" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Dry-Wear-Test-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16032" alt="砂纸磨损测试 - 干法" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="473" height="440" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Wet-Wear-Test-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16035" alt="砂纸磨损测试 - 湿法" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="474" height="440" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Abrasion-Wet-Wear-Test-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16036" alt="砂纸磨损测试 - 湿法" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">测试后的球的磨损疤痕。</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="615" height="445" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Dry-Profilometer-2.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16038" alt="砂纸磨损 - 表面轮廓" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">球上磨损疤痕的三维形态。</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="512" height="469" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Wear-Test-Dry-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16039" alt="砂纸磨损测试结果" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="512" height="469" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Sandpaper-Wear-Test-Wet-1.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16041" alt="砂纸磨损摩擦学测试结果" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图5: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">在不同条件下，砂纸上的磨损痕迹。</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，对两种相同粒度的砂纸在干燥和潮湿条件下的磨蚀性能进行了评估。砂纸的使用条件对工作性能的有效性起着关键作用。砂纸1在干燥条件下拥有明显更好的磨蚀行为，而砂纸2在潮湿条件下表现更好。在评估磨蚀性能时，打磨过程中的摩擦力是一个重要的考虑因素。NANOVEA光学轮廓仪精确地测量任何表面的三维形态，如球上的磨损疤痕，确保在本研究中对砂纸的磨损性能进行可靠的评估。NANOVEA摩擦仪在磨损测试期间就地测量摩擦系数，提供了对磨损过程不同阶段的洞察力。它还使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的高温磨损和润滑模块。这种无可比拟的范围使用户可以模拟球轴承不同的恶劣工作环境，包括高应力、磨损和高温等。它还提供了一个理想的工具来定量评估卓越的耐磨材料在高负荷下的摩擦学行为。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%a0%82%e7%ba%b8-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%89%e5%9d%90%e6%a0%87%e4%bb%aa/">Sandpaper Abrasion Performance Using a Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>用摩擦仪进行玻璃涂层湿度磨损测试</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%8e%bb%e7%92%83%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82-%e6%bd%ae%e6%b9%bf-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%b5%8b%e5%8a%9b%e8%ae%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=glass-coating-humidity-wear-testing-by-tribometer</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Thu, 13 May 2021 19:40:10 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humidity and Gases Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=11395</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>使用摩擦磨损仪进行玻璃镀膜湿度磨损测试 了解更多</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%8e%bb%e7%92%83%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82-%e6%bd%ae%e6%b9%bf-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%b5%8b%e5%8a%9b%e8%ae%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/">Glass Coating Humidity Wear Testing by Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="11395" class="elementor elementor-11395" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>用摩擦仪进行玻璃涂层湿度磨损测试</p><p>了解更多</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>玻璃涂层湿度</span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>用摩擦仪进行磨损测试</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Glass-Coating-Humidity-Test-Skyscraper.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11402" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>杜安杰-李</span><span style="font-size:17pt">硕士，博士 </span><span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">自洁玻璃涂层创造了一个易于清洁的玻璃表面，防止污垢、灰尘和污点的堆积。它的自洁功能大大减少了清洁的频率、时间、能源和成本，使它成为各种住宅和商业应用的有吸引力的选择，如玻璃外墙、镜子、淋浴玻璃、窗户和挡风玻璃。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">耐磨性的重要性
自清洁玻璃涂层的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">自清洁涂层的一个主要应用是摩天大楼的玻璃外墙的外表面。玻璃表面经常受到强风携带的高速颗粒的攻击。天气状况对玻璃涂层的使用寿命也起着重要作用。当旧的涂层失效时，对玻璃进行表面处理并涂上新的涂层是非常困难和昂贵的。因此，玻璃涂层的耐磨性在以下情况下是非常重要的。<br />不同的天气状况是关键。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><br />为了模拟自清洁涂层在不同天气下的真实环境条件，需要在受控和监测的湿度下进行可重复的磨损评估。它允许用户正确地比较暴露在不同湿度下的自清洁涂层的耐磨性，并为目标应用选择最佳的候选者。</span> </p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p><em><span class="fontstyle0">在这项研究中，我们展示了 </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">配备湿度控制器的T100摩擦仪是研究自清洁玻璃涂层在不同湿度下的耐磨性的理想工具。</span></em></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T100</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t100-the-benchmark-tribometer/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="870" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-T100-Benchtop-Tribometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9903" alt="紧凑型气动摩擦仪T100" />								</a>
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									<p>测试程序</p>								</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">钠钙玻璃显微镜载玻片被涂上了两种不同处理配方的自洁玻璃涂层。这两种涂层被确定为涂层1和涂层2。还测试了一个未涂层的裸玻璃载玻片作为比较。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><br /></span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0"><a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪 </a>配备湿度控制模块的自清洁玻璃涂层用于评估摩擦学行为，例如摩擦系数、COF 和耐磨性。将 WC 球头（直径 6 毫米）应用于测试样品。 COF 是现场记录的。连接到摩擦室的湿度控制器将相对湿度 (RH) 值精确控制在 ±1 % 范围内。磨损试验后，在光学显微镜下检查磨损轨迹形态。</span></p>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">最大负荷 </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> <space> <space> <space> <space> 40 mN </span>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="319" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Glass-Coating-Humidity-Coefficient-of-Friction-Test.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11397" alt="" />															</div>
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									结果与讨论								</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">在不同的湿度条件下，对有涂层和无涂层的玻璃进行了针尖对磁盘的磨损试验。<br />样品。如图所示，在磨损测试期间，COF被现场记录下来。 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图1 </span><span class="fontstyle0">和平均COF总结为 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图2</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle2">图4 </span><span class="fontstyle0">比较了磨损试验后的磨损痕迹。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><br />如图所示 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图1</span><span class="fontstyle0">在30% RH中，一旦开始滑动运动，未镀膜的玻璃就表现出很高的COF，约为0.45，在300转的磨损试验结束时，它逐渐增加到约0.6。与此相比，<br />涂层玻璃样品 涂层1和涂层2在测试开始时显示出低于0.2的低COF。COF<br />在测试的其余部分，涂层2的COF稳定在~0.25，而涂层1的COF在~0.25时急剧增加。<br />~250转，COF达到~0.5的值。当在60% RH中进行磨损试验时，其<br />在整个磨损测试中，未涂层的玻璃仍然显示出较高的COF值，约为0.45。涂层1和2显示的COF值分别为0.27和0.22。在90% RH中，未涂层的玻璃在磨损试验结束时拥有约0.5的高COF。涂层1和2在磨损试验开始时表现出可比的COF约为0.1。涂层1保持相对稳定的COF~0.15。然而，涂层2在约100转时失效，随后在磨损试验结束时，COF显著增加到约0.5。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0"><br />自清洁玻璃涂层的低摩擦力是由它的低表面能引起的。它创造了一个非常高的静态<br />水接触角和低滚降角。它导致在90% RH的涂层表面形成小水滴，在显微镜下显示为 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图3</span><span class="fontstyle0">.当相对湿度值从30%增加到90%时，也导致涂层2的平均COF从~0.23下降到~0.15。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="658" height="523" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Coefficient-of-friction-pin-on-disk-tests-in-different-relative-humidity.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11421" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="658" height="523" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/COF-pin-on-disk-tests-in-different-relative-humidity.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11420" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="658" height="522" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/COF-during-the-pin-on-disk-tests-in-different-relative-humidity.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11419" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">在不同的相对湿度下进行针盘试验时的摩擦系数。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="699" height="559" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Average-COF-during-pin-on-disk-tests-in-different-relative-humidity.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11400" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">在不同的相对湿度下进行的盘上针测试的平均COF。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="671" height="532" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Formation-of-small-water-droplets-on-the-coated-glass-surface.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11398" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">在涂层玻璃表面形成小水滴。</span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">图4 </span><span class="fontstyle2">比较了在不同湿度下进行磨损试验后玻璃表面的磨损痕迹。涂层1在30%和60%的相对湿度下进行磨损试验后表现出轻微的磨损迹象。在90%相对湿度的测试后，它拥有一个大的磨损痕迹，与磨损测试期间COF的明显增加相一致。涂层2在干燥和潮湿的环境中进行磨损试验后，几乎没有磨损的迹象，而且在不同湿度的磨损试验中，它也表现出持续的低COF。良好的摩擦学性能和低表面能的结合使涂层2成为恶劣环境中自清洁玻璃涂层应用的良好候选者。相比之下，未涂层的玻璃在不同湿度下显示出较大的磨损痕迹和较高的COF，证明了自清洁涂层技术的必要性。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Wear-tracks-after-the-pin-on-disk-tests-in-different-relative-humidity-NANOVEA-Tribometer.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11401" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">在不同的相对湿度下进行针盘测试后的磨损痕迹（200倍放大）。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="419" height="821" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Glass-Coating-Humidity-Test-Conclusion.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11407" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle2"> <span class="fontstyle0">NANOVEA </span>T100摩擦仪是对不同湿度的自清洁玻璃涂层进行评估和质量控制的卓越工具。原位COF测量的能力使用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与COF的演变联系起来，这对于提高对玻璃涂层的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本认识至关重要。基于对不同湿度下测试的自清洁玻璃涂层的综合摩擦学分析，我们表明涂层2在干燥和潮湿的环境中都拥有恒定的低COF和卓越的耐磨性，使其成为暴露在不同气候下的自清洁玻璃涂层应用的更好的候选者。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2"><br /><span class="fontstyle0">NANOVEA </span>摩擦仪采用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，在一个预集成的系统中可选择高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。可选的3D非接触式轮廓仪可用于高<br />除了其他表面测量（如粗糙度）外，还可以对磨损轨迹进行分辨率三维成像。 </span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">有类似的应用程序吗？</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">现在就与专家讨论</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e7%8e%bb%e7%92%83%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82-%e6%bd%ae%e6%b9%bf-%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f-%e6%b5%8b%e5%8a%9b%e8%ae%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95/">Glass Coating Humidity Wear Testing by Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>高温下的原位磨损测量</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=in-situ-wear-measurement-at-high-temperature</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 29 Dec 2020 22:20:45 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Temperature Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10121</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IN SITU WEAR MEASUREMENT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE USING TRIBOMETER Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD INTRODUCTION The Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) is a type of robust electrical transformer used to measure linear displacement. It has been widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including power turbines, hydraulics, automation, aircraft, satellites, nuclear reactors, and many [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10121" class="elementor elementor-10121" data-elementor-post-type="post">
						<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-671fe32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="671fe32" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">原位磨损测量
在高温下</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用摩擦仪</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="302" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IN-SITU-WEAR-MEASUREMENT-Aerospace-Tribology.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9629" alt="就地磨损测量 航空摩擦磨损仪" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">李端杰，博士</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>线性可变差动变压器（LVDT）是一种用于测量线性位移的坚固电气变压器。它已被广泛用于各种工业应用，包括电力涡轮机、液压系统、自动化、飞机、卫星、核反应堆和许多其他应用。</p>
<p>在本研究中，我们展示了 NANOVEA 的 LVDT 和高温模块附加组件 <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a> 允许在高温磨损过程中测量测试样品磨损轨迹深度的变化。这使得用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与 COF 的演变联系起来，这对于提高对高温应用材料的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本了解至关重要。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p><i>在这项研究中，我们想展示NANOVEA T50摩擦仪在高温下现场监测材料磨损过程的能力。</i></p><p><i>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷的磨损过程是以控制和监测的方式模拟出来的。</i></p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>T50</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="705" height="695" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Robust-Tribometer-Nanovea-T50.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9876" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试程序</h2>				</div>
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									<p>摩擦学行为，如摩擦系数，COF，以及硅酸铝陶瓷板的耐磨性是由NANOVEA摩擦仪评估的。硅酸铝陶瓷板被加热炉从室温RT加热到高温（400℃和800℃），然后在这些温度下进行磨损测试。 </p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">为了比较，当样品从800°C冷却到400°C，然后再冷却到室温时，进行了磨损测试。一个AI2O3球头（6毫米直径，100级）被用于测试样品。在现场对COF、磨损深度和温度进行了监测。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><i>测试参数</i></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">的引脚在磁盘上的测量</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="783" height="150" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Test-parameters-of-the-pin-on-disk-measurement-09.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9647" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="461" height="436" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Tribometer-Sample-LVDT.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9644" alt="摩擦仪LVDT样品" />															</div>
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									<p>磨损率K是用公式K=V/(Fxs)=A/(Fxn)来评估的，其中V是磨损体积，F是法向载荷，s是滑动距离，A是磨损轨道的截面积，n是旋转次数。用NANOVEA光学剖面仪评估了表面粗糙度和磨损轨迹轮廓，并用光学显微镜检查了磨损轨迹的形态。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果与讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>图1和图2分别显示了现场记录的COF和磨痕深度。在图1中，"-I "表示当温度从RT增加到高温时进行的试验。"D "代表温度从800°C的较高温度下降。</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">如图1所示，在不同温度下测试的样品在整个测量过程中表现出可比的COF约为0.6。如此高的COF导致了加速的磨损过程，产生了大量的碎屑。如图2所示，在磨损测试期间，通过LVDT监测磨损轨迹深度。在样品加热前和样品冷却后的室温下进行的测试表明，硅酸铝陶瓷板在RT时表现出渐进的磨损过程，在整个磨损测试过程中，磨损轨迹深度逐渐增加，分别为~170和~150μm。 </span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">相比之下，高温（400°C和800°C）下的磨损试验表现出不同的磨损行为--磨损过程开始时，磨损轨迹深度迅速增加，随着试验的继续进行，它的速度减慢。在400°C-I、800°C和400°C-D温度下进行的试验的磨损轨迹深度分别为~140、~350和~210μm。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="785" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Coefficient-of-Friction-during-pin-on-desk-Tests-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9954" alt="在不同的温度下进行的针座测试中的COF" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图1. </i></b>
<span>在不同温度下进行的针盘测试中的摩擦系数</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="799" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Evolution-of-wear-track-depth-of-the-alumina-silicate-ceramic-plate-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-9955" alt="不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的磨损轨迹深度" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图2. </i></b>
<span>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的磨损痕迹深度的演变</span> 
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									<p>不同温度下硅酸铝陶瓷板的平均磨损率和磨损轨迹深度是用 <b><i>NANOVEA</i></b> 光学剖析器的概述如下 <b><i>图3</i></b>.磨损轨迹的深度与使用LVDT记录的深度一致。硅酸铝陶瓷板在800°C时显示出大幅增加的磨损率，约为0.5 mm3/Nm，而在400°C以下的温度下，磨损率低于0.2 mm3/N。硅酸铝陶瓷板在短暂的加热过程后并没有表现出明显增强的机械/三态性能，在热处理之前和之后拥有相当的磨损率。</p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">硅酸铝陶瓷，也被称为熔岩和奇石，在加热处理之前是柔软的，可以加工。在高达1093°C的高温下进行长时间的烧制，可以大幅提高其硬度和强度，之后需要进行钻石加工。这样一个独特的特性使硅酸铝陶瓷成为雕塑的理想材料。</span></p><p>在这项研究中，我们表明，在短时间内以低于烧制所需的温度（800°C对1093°C）进行热处理并不能改善硅酸铝陶瓷的机械和摩擦学特性，这使得适当的烧制成为这种材料在实际应用中使用前的必要过程。</p><div> </div>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1687" height="1211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Wear-rate-and-wear-track-depth-of-the-sample-at-different-temperatures.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9962" alt="不同温度下样品的磨损率和磨损痕迹深度 1" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><b><i>图3. </i></b>
不同温度下样品的磨损率和磨损轨迹深度</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p>基于本研究的综合摩擦学分析，我们表明，硅酸铝陶瓷板在从室温到800℃的不同温度下表现出相当的摩擦系数。然而，在800°C时，它显示出大幅增加的磨损率，约为0.5 mm3/Nm，显示出对这种陶瓷进行适当热处理的重要性。</p><p>NANOVEA摩擦仪能够评估材料在高达1000℃高温下应用的摩擦学特性。原位COF和磨损轨迹深度测量的功能使用户能够将磨损过程的不同阶段与COF的演变联系起来，这对于提高对高温下使用的材料的磨损机制和摩擦学特性的基本认识至关重要。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA摩擦仪使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。NANOVEA无与伦比的产品系列是确定薄或厚、软或硬的涂层、薄膜和基材的全部摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p><p>可选的3D非接触式轮廓仪，除了用于其他表面测量（如粗糙度）外，还可用于磨损轨迹的高分辨率3D成像。</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e9%ab%98%e6%b8%a9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8d%e7%a3%a8%e6%8d%9f%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f/">In Situ Wear Measurement at High Temperature</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>球轴承：高力耐磨性研究</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=ball-bearing-wear-resistance-using-macro-tribology</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Wed, 01 Jul 2020 18:59:15 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rotational Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=8534</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>INTRODUCTION A ball bearing uses balls to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. The rolling balls between the bearing races produce much lower coefficient of friction (COF) compared to two flat surfaces sliding against each other. Ball bearings are often exposed to high contact stress levels, wear and extreme environmental conditions such [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://nanovea.com/App-Notes/Ball-Bearings-High-Force-Wear-Resistance-Study.pdf&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><br />
<img decoding="async" class="alignright" style="width: 200px;" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/DOWNLOAD-PDF-BUTTON-A-s.png" /><br />
</a></p>
<h2><em><strong>简介</strong></em></h2>
<p>球轴承使用球来减少旋转摩擦并支撑径向和轴向载荷。与两个相互滑动的平坦表面相比，轴承座圈之间的滚动球产生的摩擦系数 (COF) 要低得多。球轴承经常暴露在高接触应力水平、磨损和高温等极端环境条件下。因此，滚珠在高负载和极端环境条件下的耐磨性对于延长滚珠轴承的使用寿命、减少维修和更换的成本和时间至关重要。<br />
几乎所有涉及运动部件的应用中都可以找到滚珠轴承。它们通常用于航空航天和汽车等运输行业以及制造指尖陀螺和滑板等产品的玩具行业。</p>
<h2><em><strong>高负载下的滚珠轴承磨损评估</strong></em></h2>
<p>滚珠轴承可由多种材料制成。常用材料包括不锈钢和铬钢等金属或碳化钨 (WC) 和氮化硅 (Si3n4) 等陶瓷。为了确保制造的球轴承具有适合给定应用条件的所需耐磨性，需要在高负载下进行可靠的摩擦学评估。摩擦学测试有助于以受控和监测的方式量化和对比不同球轴承的磨损行为，从而为目标应用选择最佳候选轴承。</p>
<h2><em><strong>测量目标</strong></em></h2>
<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了 Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a> 作为比较不同球轴承在高载荷下耐磨性的理想工具。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Track-Test.jpg" alt="" width="877" height="617" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 1：轴承测试的设置。</em></h6>
<h2><em><strong>测试程序</strong></em></h2>
<p>通过 Nanovea Tribometer 评估不同材料制成的球轴承的摩擦系数、COF 和耐磨性。 P100 粒度砂纸用作计数器材料。使用仪器检查滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹 <strong>纳诺瓦</strong> 磨损测试结束后的 3D 非接触式轮廓仪。测试参数总结于表1中。磨损率， <strong>K</strong>使用公式评估 <strong>K=V/(F×s)</strong>，其中 <strong>V </strong>是磨损的体积。 <strong>F</strong> 是法向载荷和 <strong>s</strong> 是滑动距离。球磨损疤痕由 <strong>纳诺瓦</strong> 3D 非接触式轮廓仪可确保精确的磨损量测量。<br />
自动电动径向定位功能允许摩擦计在测试期间减小磨损轨迹的半径。这种测试模式称为螺旋测试，它确保滚珠轴承始终在砂纸的新表面上滑动（图 2）。它显着提高了球耐磨测试的重复性。先进的内部速度控制20位编码器和外部位置控制16位编码器提供精确的实时速度和位置信息，允许连续调节转速，以实现接触处恒定的线性滑动速度。<br />
请注意，本研究中使用 P100 粒度砂纸来简化各种球材料之间的磨损行为，并且可以用任何其他材料表面代替。可以替代任何固体材料来模拟各种材料联轴器在实际应用条件下（例如在液体或润滑剂中）的性能。<br />
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-12.png" alt="" width="293" height="280" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 2：砂纸上滚珠轴承的螺旋道次示意图。</em></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-13.png" alt="" width="334" height="221" /></a></h6>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>表 1：磨损测量的测试参数。</em></h6>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><em><strong>结果与讨论</strong></em></h2>
<p>磨损率是决定球轴承使用寿命的重要因素，而低摩擦系数则有助于提高轴承性能和效率。图 3 比较了测试过程中不同滚珠轴承相对于砂纸的 COF 变化。在磨损测试中，铬钢球的 COF 增加了约 0.4，而 SS440 和 Al2O3 球轴承的 COF 增加了约 0.32 和约 0.28。另一方面，WC 球在整个磨损测试中表现出恒定的 COF，约为 0.2。在每次测试中都可以看到可观察到的 COF 变化，这是由于滚珠轴承相对于粗糙砂纸表面的滑动引起的振动。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-14.png" alt="" width="1078" height="853" /></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 3：磨损测试期间 COF 的演变。</em></h6>
<p>图 4 和图 5 比较了分别用光学显微镜和 Nanovea 非接触式光学轮廓仪测量后的滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹，表 2 总结了磨损轨迹分析的结果。 Nanovea 3D轮廓仪精确确定滚珠轴承的磨损量，从而可以计算和比较不同滚珠轴承的磨损率。可以看出，在磨损测试后，与陶瓷球（即 Al2O3 和 WC）相比，Cr 钢和 SS440 球表现出更大的扁平磨痕。铬钢和 SS440 球的磨损率相当，分别为 3.7×10-3 和 3.2×10-3 m3/N m。相比之下，Al2O3球的耐磨性增强，磨损率为7.2×10-4 m3/N·m。 WC球在浅磨损轨迹区域几乎没有出现轻微划痕，导致磨损率显着降低至3.3×10-6 mm3/N·m。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Testing-2.jpg" alt="" width="1068" height="896" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><i>图 4：测试后滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹。</i></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="974" height="717" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 5：球轴承上磨痕的 3D 形态。</em></h6>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-17.png" alt="" width="346" height="157" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>表 2：球轴承的磨损痕迹分析。</em></h6>
<p>图 6 显示了四个滚珠轴承在砂纸上产生的磨损痕迹的显微镜图像。很明显，WC 球产生了最严重的磨损轨迹（去除了其路径中几乎所有的沙粒）并且具有最好的耐磨性。相比之下，Cr钢和SS440球在砂纸的磨损轨迹上留下了大量的金属碎片。<br />
这些观察结果进一步证明了螺旋测试益处的重要性。它确保滚珠轴承始终在砂纸的新表面上滑动，从而显着提高耐磨测试的可重复性。<br />
<a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Ball-Bearing-Wear-Test-Profilometry.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="995" /></a></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;"><em>图 6：砂纸上不同滚珠轴承的磨损痕迹。</em></h6>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Ball-Bearings-wear.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="792" /></a></p>
<h2><em><strong>结论</strong></em></h2>
<p>球轴承在高压下的耐磨性对其使用性能起着至关重要的作用。陶瓷球轴承在高应力条件下具有显着增强的耐磨性，并减少了轴承维修或更换的时间和成本。在这项研究中，与钢轴承相比，WC 球轴承表现出更高的耐磨性，使其成为发生严重磨损的轴承应用的理想选择。<br />
Nanovea 摩擦试验机设计具有高扭矩能力，可承受高达 2000 N 的负载，精确控制的电机可实现 0.01 至 15,000 rpm 的转速。它使用符合 ISO 和 ASTM 的旋转和线性模式提供可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的高温磨损和润滑模块。这一无与伦比的范围允许用户模拟滚珠轴承的不同严酷工作环境，包括高应力、磨损和高温等。它也是定量评估高级耐磨材料在高载荷下摩擦学行为的理想工具。<br />
Nanovea 3D 非接触式轮廓仪提供精确的磨损量测量，并作为分析磨损轨迹详细形态的工具，为磨损机制的基本理解提供更多见解。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">编写者<br />
李端杰博士、乔纳森·托马斯和皮埃尔·勒鲁</p><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%bb%9a%e7%8f%a0%e8%bd%b4%e6%89%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%a3%a8%e6%80%a7-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%8f%e4%bc%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Ball Bearings: High Force Wear Resistance Study</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>动态负载摩擦学</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 03 Mar 2020 21:32:52 +0000</pubdate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Dynamic Load Tribology Introduction Wear takes place in virtually every industrial sector and imposes costs of ~0.75% of the GDP1. Tribology research is vital in improving production efficiency, application performance, as well as conservation of material, energy, and the environment. Vibration and oscillation inevitably occur in a wide range of tribological applications. Excessive external vibration [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd-%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Dynamic Load Tribology</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">动态负载摩擦学</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">简介<strong><u><i><br></i></u></strong></p>
<p>磨损几乎发生在每一个工业部门，并造成了约0.75%的GDP成本1。摩擦学研究对于提高生产效率、应用性能以及保护材料、能源和环境至关重要。在广泛的摩擦学应用中，振动和振荡不可避免地发生。过度的外部振动加速了磨损过程，降低了服务性能，导致机械部件出现灾难性的故障。</p>
<p>传统的死荷载摩擦仪通过质量砝码施加正常载荷。这样的加载技术不仅将加载选项限制在一个恒定的负载上，而且在高负载和高速度下产生强烈的不可控振动，导致磨损行为评估的局限性和不一致性。可靠地评估受控振荡对材料磨损行为的影响，对于不同工业应用中的研发和质量控制是可取的。</p>
<p>Nanovea 突破性的高负载 <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪 </a>具有动态负载控制系统，最大负载能力为 2000 N。先进的气动压缩空气加载系统使用户能够评估材料在高正常载荷下的摩擦学行为，并具有抑制磨损过程中产生的不良振动的优点。因此，可以直接测量负载，无需旧设计中使用的缓冲弹簧。并联电磁体振荡加载模块可施加良好控制的振荡，所需振幅高达 20 N，频率高达 150 Hz。</p>
<p>摩擦力是直接根据施加到上支架的侧向力进行高精度测量的。现场监测位移，从而深入了解测试样品磨损行为的演变。受控振荡载荷下的磨损测试还可以在腐蚀、高温、潮湿和润滑环境中进行，以模拟摩擦学应用的真实工作条件。集成高速 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">非接触式轮廓仪</a> 在几秒钟内自动测量磨损轨迹形态和磨损量。</p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">测量目标</p>
<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了Nanovea T2000动态负载摩擦仪在研究不同涂层和金属样品在受控振荡负载条件下的摩擦学行为的能力。</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8033" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Dynamic-Load-Tribology-Figure-1-fixed.png" alt="" width="530" height="393"></a></div>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">测试程序<strong><u><i><br></i></u></strong></p>
<p>通过Nanovea T2000摩擦仪和传统的死负荷摩擦仪，按照ASTM G992的规定，使用销轴在盘上的设置，评估和比较了300微米厚的耐磨涂层的摩擦学行为，例如摩擦系数，COF和耐磨性。</p>
<p>通过 Nanovea T2000 摩擦试验机的动态负载摩擦学模式，对受控振荡下的 6 mm Al203 球的单独 Cu 和 TiN 涂层样品进行了评估。</p>
<p>测试参数汇总于表1。</p>
<p>集成的三维轮廓仪配备了线传感器，在测试后自动扫描磨损轨迹，在几秒钟内提供最准确的磨损量测量。</p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Fixed-Table-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-8109 size-full" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Fixed-Table-1.png" alt="" width="527" height="887"></a></div>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">结果和讨论<strong><u><i><br></i></u></strong></p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">气动负载系统与死负载系统</span></strong></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p>使用Nanovea T2000摩擦仪对耐磨涂层的摩擦学行为与传统的死负荷（DL）摩擦仪进行了比较。图2显示了涂层COF的变化。我们观察到涂层在磨损测试中表现出了相当的COF值~0.6。然而，图3中不同位置的20个横截面图表明，在死负荷系统下，涂层经历了更严重的磨损。</p>
<p>在高负荷和高速度下，死负载系统的磨损过程产生了强烈的振动。接触面的巨大集中压力与高滑动速度相结合，产生大量的重量和结构振动，导致加速磨损。传统的死负荷摩擦仪使用质量砝码来施加负荷。这种方法在较低的接触载荷和温和的磨损条件下是可靠的；然而，在较高的载荷和速度的侵蚀性磨损条件下，显著的振动导致砝码反复弹跳，造成不均匀的磨损轨迹，导致不可靠的摩擦学评估。计算出的磨损率为8.0±2.4 x 10-4 mm3/N m，显示出高磨损率和大的标准偏差。</p>
<p>Nanovea T2000摩擦仪设计有一个动态控制负载系统，以抑制振荡。它用压缩空气施加正常载荷，最大限度地减少了磨损过程中产生的不必要的振动。此外，主动闭环加载控制确保在整个磨损测试过程中施加恒定的载荷，测针跟随磨损轨迹的深度变化。如图3a所示，测得的磨损轨迹轮廓明显更加一致，从而使磨损率低至3.4±0.5 x 10-4 mm3/N m。</p>
<p>图4所示的磨损轨迹分析证实了Nanovea T2000摩擦仪的气动压缩空气加载系统进行的磨损测试，与传统的死负荷摩擦仪相比，产生了更平滑、更一致的磨损轨迹。此外，Nanovea T2000摩擦仪在磨损过程中测量测针位移，进一步了解现场磨损行为的进展。</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #1c1e29;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7979" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-2.png" alt="" width="792" height="523"></a><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-3-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8013" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-3-1.png" alt="" width="564" height="840"></a></p>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Figure-4.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8007" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Figure-4.png" alt="" width="913" height="884"></a></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-5-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-8014" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-5-2.png" alt="" width="888" height="785"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>铜样品磨损的可控振荡</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Nanovea T2000摩擦仪的平行振荡加载电磁铁模块使用户能够研究控制振幅和频率振荡对材料磨损行为的影响。如图6所示，Cu样品的COF被就地记录。在第一次330转的测量中，铜样品表现出恒定的COF~0.3，标志着在界面上形成了稳定的接触和相对平滑的磨损轨迹。随着磨损试验的继续，COF的变化表明磨损机制的变化。相比之下，在50N的振幅控制下的磨损试验表现出不同的磨损行为：COF在磨损过程开始时迅速增加，并在整个磨损试验中表现出明显的变化。COF的这种行为表明，在正常载荷中施加的振荡在接触处的不稳定滑动状态中起了作用。</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">图7比较了由集成非接触式光学轮廓仪测量的磨损轨迹形态。可以看出，在控制振荡幅度为5N的情况下，Cu样品表现出更大的磨损轨迹，体积为1.35 x 109 µm3，而在没有施加振荡的情况下，体积为5.03 x 108 µm3。受控振荡使磨损率明显加快了约2.7倍，显示了振荡对磨损行为的关键影响。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-6.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8009" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-6.png" alt="" width="762" height="511"></a></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-7.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8010" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-7.png" alt="" width="1445" height="754"></a></p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>受控振荡对TiN涂层磨损的影响</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">图8中显示了TiN涂层样品的COF和磨损轨迹。从测试期间COF的演变来看，TiN涂层在振荡下表现出明显不同的磨损行为。在磨损试验开始时的磨合期后，TiN涂层显示出约0.3的恒定COF，这是由于TiN涂层和亚铝₃球之间界面的稳定滑动接触。然而，当TiN涂层开始失效时，氧化铝球穿透涂层并与下面的新钢基体滑动。同时在磨损轨道上产生大量坚硬的TiN涂层碎片，将稳定的双体滑动磨损变为三体磨损。材料耦合特性的这种变化导致了COF演化过程中的变化增加。强加的5N和10N振荡加速了TiN涂层的失效，从~400转到100转以下。在控制振荡下的磨损试验后，TiN涂层样品上较大的磨损痕迹与COF的这种变化是一致的。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-8.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8011" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/figure-8.png" alt="" width="764" height="792"></a></p>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">
</p><p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">总结</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/conclusion-photo.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-8035" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/conclusion-photo.png" alt="" width="621" height="137"></a></p>
</div>
<p>Nanovea T2000摩擦磨损仪的先进气动加载系统与传统的死负载系统相比，拥有作为自然快速减震器的内在优势。与使用伺服电机和弹簧组合来施加负载的负载控制系统相比，气动系统的这种技术优势是真实的。正如本研究中所展示的那样，该技术确保了在高负荷下可靠和更好的控制磨损评估。此外，主动闭环加载系统可以在磨损测试期间将正常载荷改变为所需值，以模拟在制动系统中看到的实际应用。</p>
<p>我们已经表明，Nanovea T2000动态负载摩擦仪使用户能够定量评估材料在不同控制振荡条件下的摩擦学行为，而不是在测试过程中受到不受控制的振动条件的影响。振动在金属和陶瓷涂层样品的磨损行为中起着重要作用。</p>
<p>平行电磁铁振荡加载模块以设定的振幅和频率提供精确控制的振荡，使用户能够模拟现实生活条件下的磨损过程，而环境振动往往是一个重要因素。在磨损过程中存在强加的振荡，铜和TiN涂层样品的磨损率都大大增加。原地测量的摩擦系数和测针位移的变化是摩擦学应用中材料性能的重要指标。集成的三维非接触式轮廓仪提供了一种工具，可以在几秒钟内精确测量磨损量并分析磨损痕迹的详细形态，为从根本上了解磨损机制提供更多的见解。</p>
<p>T2000配备了一个自调谐、高质量和高扭矩的电机，有一个20位的内部速度和一个16位的外部位置编码器。它使摩擦仪能够提供一个无与伦比的转速范围，从0.01到5000rpm，可以以阶梯式跳跃或连续的速度变化。与使用底部扭矩传感器的系统相反，Nanovea摩擦仪使用顶部的高精度称重传感器来准确和单独测量摩擦力。</p>
<p>Nanovea摩擦仪提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式（包括4球、止推垫圈和环上块状测试），在一个预集成的系统中可选择高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。Nanovea T2000无与伦比的范围是确定薄或厚、软或硬的涂层、薄膜和基材的全部摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e8%b4%9f%e8%bd%bd-%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Dynamic Load Tribology</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>湿度对DLC涂层摩擦学的影响</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e5%af%b9dlc%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d-%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=humidity-effect-on-dlc-coating-tribology</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 11 Feb 2020 14:38:38 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humidity and Gases Tribology]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=7819</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Importance of Wear Evaluation on DLC in Humidity Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings possess enhanced tribological properties, namely excellent wear resistance and a very low coefficient of friction (COF). DLC coatings impart diamond characteristics when deposited on different materials. Favorable tribo-mechanical properties make DLC coatings preferable in various industrial applications, such as aerospace parts, razor blades, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e5%af%b9dlc%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d-%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Humidity Effect on DLC Coating Tribology</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">在潮湿环境下对DLC进行磨损评估的重要性<strong><u><i><br>
</i></u></strong></p>
<p>类金刚石碳 (DLC) 涂层具有增强的摩擦学性能，即优异的耐磨性和极低的摩擦系数 (COF)。当沉积在不同的材料上时，DLC 涂层赋予金刚石特性。良好的摩擦机械性能使 DLC 涂层成为各种工业应用的首选，例如航空航天零件、剃须刀刀片、金属切削工具、轴承、摩托车发动机和医疗植入物。</p>
<p>在高真空和干燥条件下，DLC 涂层相对于钢球表现出非常低的 COF（低于 0.1）<sup>12</sup>.然而，DLC涂层对环境条件的变化很敏感，特别是相对湿度（RH）。<sup>3</sup>.高湿度和高氧浓度的环境可能会导致COF的显著增加。<sup>4</sup>。在受控湿度下进行可靠的磨损评估可模拟摩擦学应用中 DLC 涂层的真实环境条件。用户通过适当的比较，为目标应用选择最佳的 DLC 涂层<br>
暴露于不同湿度下的 DLC 磨损行为。<br>
<br><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">测量目标</p>
<p>这项研究展示了 Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪 </a>配备湿度控制器是研究 DLC 涂层在不同相对湿度下磨损行为的理想工具。</p>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/meausrement-objective-picture.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/meausrement-objective-picture.jpg" alt="" width="978" height="884"></a></div>
<p>&nbsp;<br>
<br><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">测试程序<strong><u><i><br>
</i></u></strong></p>
<p>DLC 涂层的摩擦和耐磨性通过 Nanovea Tribometer 进行评估。测试参数总结于表 1 中。连接到摩擦室的湿度控制器精确控制相对湿度 (RH)，精度为 ±1%。测试后使用光学显微镜检查 DLC 涂层上的磨损痕迹和 SiN 球上的磨损痕迹。</p>
<p>注：任何实心球材料均可用于模拟不同材料联轴器在润滑或高温等环境条件下的性能。</p>
<p><br><br><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Table-1-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Table-1-1.png" alt="" width="821" height="632"></a><br>
<br><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">结果和讨论<strong><u><i><br>
</i></u></strong></p>
<div></div>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;">由于DLC涂层的低摩擦力和卓越的耐磨性，它是摩擦学应用的最佳选择。DLC涂层的摩擦表现出与湿度有关的行为，如图2所示。在相对干燥的条件下（10% RH），DLC涂层显示出非常低的COF，约为0.05。当相对湿度增加到30%时，DLC涂层在测试中表现出恒定的COF约为0.1。当RH上升到50%以上时，在头2000转中观察到COF的初始运行阶段。在RH为50、70和90%时，DLC涂层显示的最大COF分别为~0.20、~0.26和~0.33。在磨合期之后，DLC涂层的COF在RH为50、70和90%时分别保持在~0.11、0.13和0.20。</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #1c1e29;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-2.png" alt="" width="878" height="719"></a></p>
<p><br><br>图3比较了SiN球的磨损疤痕，图4比较了磨损试验后DLC涂层的磨损痕迹。当DLC涂层暴露在低湿度的环境中时，磨损痕的直径更小。在接触面的重复滑动过程中，转移DLC层在SiN球表面积累。在这个阶段，DLC涂层与自己的转移层滑动，它作为一种有效的润滑剂，促进了相对运动，抑制了剪切变形引起的进一步质量损失。在低相对湿度环境下（如10%和30%），在SiN球的磨损疤痕中观察到转移膜，导致球的磨损过程减速。这种磨损过程反映在DLC涂层的磨损痕迹形态上，如图4所示。在干燥环境中，DLC涂层表现出较小的磨损轨迹，这是因为在接触界面上形成了稳定的DLC转移膜，大大降低了摩擦和磨损率。<br>
<br><br></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-3.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-3.png" alt="" width="551" height="716"></a><br>
<br><br><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-4.png">
</a><p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-4.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Figure-4.png" alt="" width="556" height="716"></a></p></div>
<p>&nbsp;<br>
<br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">总结</p>
<p><br><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Conclusion-photo.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Conclusion-photo.jpg" alt="" width="1212" height="656"></a></p>
<p><br><br>湿度对 DLC 涂层的摩擦学性能起着至关重要的作用。由于形成转移到滑动对应物（本研究中的 SiN 球）上的稳定石墨层，DLC 涂层在干燥条件下具有显着增强的耐磨性和优异的低摩擦性。 DLC 涂层在其自身的转移层上滑动，该转移层充当有效的润滑剂，以促进相对运动并抑制剪切变形引起的进一步质量损失。随着相对湿度的增加，SiN 球上不会观察到薄膜，导致 SiN 球和 DLC 涂层的磨损率增加。</p>
<p>Nanovea 摩擦磨损试验机使用符合 ISO 和 ASTM 的旋转和线性模式提供可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，并在一个预集成系统中提供可选的湿度模块。它允许用户模拟不同湿度下的工作环境，为用户提供定量评估不同工作条件下材料摩擦学行为的理想工具。</p>
<p><br><br>了解更多关于Nanovea摩擦仪和实验室服务的信息<br>
<br>1 C. Donnet, Surf.涂料。Technol.100-101 (1998) 180.<br>
<br>2 K. Miyoshi, B. Pohlchuck, K.W. Street, J.S. Zabinski, J.H. Sanders, A.A. Voevodin, R.L.C. Wu, Wear 225-229 (1999) 65.<br>
<br>3 R. Gilmore, R. Hauert, Surf.涂料。Technol.133-134 (2000) 437.<br>
<br>4 R. Memming, H.J. Tolle, P.E. Wierenga, Thin Solid Coatings 143 (1986) 31<br>
<br><br></p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6%e5%af%b9dlc%e6%b6%82%e5%b1%82%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d-%e9%83%a8%e8%90%bd%e5%ad%a6/">Humidity Effect on DLC Coating Tribology</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>极低速度下的摩擦评估</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Sun, 19 Jan 2020 18:16:06 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friction Testing | Coefficient of Friction]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%9e%81%e4%bd%8e%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%91%a9%e6%93%a6%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0/">Friction Evaluation at Extreme Low Speeds</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">低速时摩擦评估的重要性</p>
<p>摩擦是抵制固体表面相互滑动的相对运动的力量。当这两个接触面发生相对运动时，界面上的摩擦将动能转化为热能。这样的过程也会导致材料的磨损，从而导致使用中的部件的性能下降。<br>由于具有较大的拉伸率和高弹性，以及巨大的防水性能和耐磨性，橡胶被广泛地应用于各种摩擦起重要作用的应用和产品中，如汽车轮胎、挡风玻璃雨刷片、鞋底和许多其他产品。根据这些应用的性质和要求，对不同材料的高或低摩擦都是需要的。因此，控制和可靠地测量橡胶对各种表面的摩擦变得至关重要。</p>
<p><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">测量目标</p>
<p>使用 Nanovea 以受控和监测的方式测量橡胶与不同材料的摩擦系数 (COF) <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a>。在这项研究中，我们希望展示 Nanovea Tribometer 在极低速度下测量不同材料 COF 的能力。</p>
<p><br></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sample-picture-measured-compressed.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sample-picture-measured-compressed.png" alt="" width="854" height="451"></a></p>

<p><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">结果和讨论</p>
<p>用Nanovea摩擦仪评估了橡胶球（直径6毫米，RubberMill）在三种材料（不锈钢SS316，铜110和可选的丙烯酸）上的摩擦系数（COF）。在测量之前，被测试的金属样品被机械地打磨成镜面状的表面。橡胶球在施加法向载荷下的轻微变形产生了一个区域接触，这也有助于减少样品表面粗糙度或不均匀性对COF测量的影响。测试参数总结于表1。</p>
<p><br></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Test-procedure-Rubber-friction.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Test-procedure-Rubber-friction.png" alt="" width="493" height="415"></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</div>
<p>一个橡胶球在四个不同速度下对不同材料的COF显示在图中。2，由软件自动计算的平均COFs在图3中进行了总结和比较。有趣的是，金属样品（SS 316和Cu 110）随着转速从非常低的0.01 rpm增加到5 rpm，COF明显增加--橡胶/SS 316夫妇的COF值从0.29增加到0.8，而橡胶/Cu 110夫妇的COF从0.65增加到1.1。这一发现与几个实验室报告的结果一致。正如Grosch所提出的<sup>4</sup> 橡胶的摩擦力主要由两种机制决定：（1）橡胶和其他材料之间的粘附力，以及（2）由于表面突起物引起的橡胶变形而产生的能量损失。沙拉马赫<sup>5</sup> 观察到在软橡胶球体和硬表面之间的界面上，橡胶从反面材料上脱落的波浪。橡胶从基材表面剥离的力和剥离波的速度可以解释在试验过程中不同速度下的不同摩擦。</p>
<p>相比之下，橡胶/丙烯酸材料夫妇在不同的旋转速度下表现出高COF。当转速从0.01rpm增加到5rpm时，COF值从~1.02轻微增加到~1.09。如此高的COF可能是由于在测试过程中在接触面形成的更强的局部化学键。</p>

<p><br><br></p>
<div style="float: left;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/figure-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/figure-1.png" alt="" width="356" height="527"></a></div>
<div style="float: right;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/figure-2.png" alt="" width="344" height="527"></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="display: inline-block; padding-top: 4%;">&nbsp;</div>
<p><strong><u><i>&nbsp;</i></u></strong></p>
<p><strong><u><i>&nbsp;</i></u></strong></p>

<p><br><br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: left; color: #1b96cf; font-size: 24px;">总结</p>
<p><br></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/eraser-conclusion-photo.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/eraser-conclusion-photo.png" alt="" width="788" height="312"></a></div>
<p><br></p>
<p>在这项研究中，我们表明，在极低的速度下，橡胶表现出一种特殊的摩擦行为--它对硬表面的摩擦力随着相对运动速度的增加而增加。橡胶在不同的材料上滑动时表现出不同的摩擦力。Nanovea摩擦仪可以以受控和监测的方式评估材料在不同速度下的摩擦性能，使用户能够提高对材料摩擦机制的基本认识，并为有针对性的摩擦学工程应用选择最佳的材料组合。</p>
<p>Nanovea摩擦仪使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供精确和可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，在一个预集成的系统中可以选择高温磨损、润滑和三相腐蚀模块。它能够在低至0.01rpm的极低速度下控制旋转阶段，并在现场监测摩擦的演变。Nanovea无与伦比的系列是确定薄或厚、软或硬的涂层、薄膜和基材的全部摩擦学特性的理想解决方案。</p>								</div>
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		<title>聚合物的摩擦学</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%91%a9%e6%93%a6%e5%ad%a6/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=tribology-of-polymers</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Fri, 01 Nov 2019 20:26:57 +0000</pubdate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Download PDF version Introduction Polymers have been used extensively in a wide variety of applications and have become an indispensable part of everyday life. Natural polymers such as amber, silk, and natural rubber have played an essential role in human history. The fabrication process of synthetic polymers can be optimized to achieve unique physical properties [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%91%a9%e6%93%a6%e5%ad%a6/">Tribology of Polymers</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>简介</strong></em></span></p>
<p>聚合物已被广泛用于各种应用中，并已成为日常生活中不可缺少的一部分。天然聚合物，如琥珀、丝绸和天然橡胶，在人类历史上发挥了重要作用。合成聚合物的制造过程可以被优化，以获得独特的物理特性，如韧性、粘弹性、自润滑和许多其他特性。</p>
<p><strong><u><i>聚合物的磨损和摩擦的重要性</i></u></strong></p>
<p>聚合物通常用于摩擦学应用，如轮胎、轴承和传送带。<br>不同的磨损机制取决于聚合物的机械性能、接触条件以及磨损过程中形成的碎片或转移膜的性能。为了确保聚合物在使用条件下具有足够的耐磨性，可靠和可量化的摩擦学评价是必要的。摩擦学评估使我们能够以受控和监测的方式定量比较不同聚合物的磨损行为，从而为目标应用选择候选材料。</p>
<p>Nanovea摩擦仪使用符合ISO和ASTM标准的旋转和线性模式提供可重复的磨损和摩擦测试，在一个预集成的系统中可以选择高温磨损和润滑模块。这种无可比拟的范围使用户可以模拟聚合物的不同工作环境，包括集中应力、磨损和高温等。</p>
<p><strong><u><i>测量目标</i></u></strong></p>
<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了 Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">摩擦仪</a> 是一种理想的工具，用于以良好控制和定量的方式比较不同聚合物的摩擦和耐磨性。</p>

<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/measurement-objective.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7135 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/measurement-objective.png" alt="" width="462" height="270"></a></p>
<p><strong><u><i>测试程序</i></u></strong></p>
<p>通过 Nanovea Tribometer 评估不同常见聚合物的摩擦系数 (COF) 和耐磨性。 Al2O3 球用作计数器材料（销钉，静态样品）。聚合物（动态旋转样品）上的磨损轨迹是使用 <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">非接触式 3D 轮廓仪</a> 测试结束后进行光学显微镜观察。应该注意的是，作为一种选择，非接触式内窥镜传感器可用于测量磨损测试期间销刺入动态样本的深度。测试参数总结于表1中。磨损率K使用公式K=Vl(Fxs)来评估，其中V是磨损体积，F是法向载荷，s是滑动距离。</p>
<p>请注意，本研究中使用了Al2O3球作为反面材料。任何固体材料都可以被替代，以更紧密地模拟两个试样在实际应用条件下的性能。</p>

<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/testing-procedure.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7343 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/testing-procedure.png" alt="" width="383" height="729"></a></div>
<p><strong><u><i>结果和讨论</i></u></strong></p>
<p>磨损率是决定材料使用寿命的一个重要因素，而摩擦力在摩擦学应用中起着关键作用。图2比较了不同聚合物与Al2O3球在磨损测试中的COF的演变。COF的作用是指示何时发生故障，磨损过程进入一个新的阶段。在测试的聚合物中，HDPE在整个磨损测试中保持最低的恒定COF，约为0.15。平稳的COF意味着形成了一个稳定的三面接触。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7137" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/figure-2.png" alt="" width="870" height="592"></a></p>
<p>图3和图4比较了测试后的聚合物样品的磨损轨迹，由光学显微镜测量。原位非接触式三维轮廓仪精确地确定了聚合物样品的磨损量，使得准确计算出的磨损率分别为0.0029、0.0020和0.0032m3/N m。相比之下，CPVC样品显示出最高的磨损率为0.1121m3/N m。在CPVC的磨损轨迹中，存在着深深的平行磨损疤痕。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/samples-figure-3.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7138 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/samples-figure-3.png" alt="" width="628" height="759"></a><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Blog-post-fig-5-7.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7239 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Blog-post-fig-5-7.png" alt="" width="371" height="780"></a></p>
<p><strong><u><i>结论</i></u></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/tire.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-7241" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/tire.png" alt="" width="897" height="349"></a></p>
<p>聚合物的耐磨性对其服务性能起着至关重要的作用。在这项研究中，我们展示了Nanovea摩擦仪评估了不同聚合物的摩擦系数和磨损率。<br>严格控制和定量的方式。在测试的聚合物中，高密度聚乙烯显示出最低的COF（约0.15）。高密度聚乙烯、尼龙66和聚丙烯样品拥有低磨损率，分别为0.0029、0.0020和0.0032 m3/N m。低摩擦和高耐磨性的结合使HDPE成为聚合物摩擦学应用的良好候选者。</p>
<p>原位非接触式三维轮廓仪能够实现精确的磨损量测量，并提供了分析磨损痕迹的详细形态的工具，为了解磨损机制的基本情况提供了更多的见解。</p>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%91%a9%e6%93%a6%e5%ad%a6/">Tribology of Polymers</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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