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	<title>压痕｜蠕变和松弛应用说明 - NANOVEA：用于材料测试的先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损测试仪、纳米压痕仪和划痕测试仪</title>
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	<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/目录/申请-说明/机械测试/压痕蠕变松弛/</link>
	<description>用于材料研究和质量控制的计量仪器</description>
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	<title>压痕｜蠕变和松弛应用说明 - NANOVEA：用于材料测试的先进轮廓仪、摩擦磨损测试仪、纳米压痕仪和划痕测试仪</title>
	<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/目录/申请-说明/机械测试/压痕蠕变松弛/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>水凝胶的机械性能</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=mechanical-properties-of-hydrogel</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Tue, 21 Sep 2021 20:41:24 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=15550</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD &#38; JORGE RAMIREZ INTRODUCTION Hydrogel is known for its super absorbency of water allowing for a close resemblance in flexibility as natural tissues. This resemblance has made hydrogel a common choice not only in biomaterials, but also in electronics, environment and consumer good applications [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd/">Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="15550" class="elementor elementor-15550" data-elementor-post-type="post">
						<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ec3d48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7ec3d48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">水凝胶的机械性能</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">使用纳米压痕</h2>				</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="768" height="242" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Mechanical-Properties-of-Hydrogel-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15552" alt="水凝胶的机械性能" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">杜安杰，博士和JORGE RAMIREZ</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-753c1f3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="753c1f3" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">水凝胶因其对水的超强吸收能力而闻名，它的灵活性与天然组织非常相似。这种相似性使水凝胶不仅成为生物材料的常见选择，而且也成为电子、环境和消费品应用的选择，如隐形眼镜。每个独特的应用都需要特定的水凝胶机械性能。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">纳米压痕对水凝胶的重要性</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fontstyle0">水凝胶为纳米压痕带来了独特的挑战，如测试参数的选择和样品的准备。许多纳米压痕系统有很大的局限性，因为它们最初的设计并不是用于&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">这种柔软的材料。一些纳米压痕系统使用一个线圈/磁铁组件在样品上施加力。没有实际的力的测量，导致在测试软质材料时出现不准确的和非线性的加载。&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">材料。确定接触点是非常困难的，因为&nbsp;</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">深度是唯一被实际测量的参数。几乎不可能观察到在 </span><span class="fontstyle2" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">深度与时间 </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">期间的情节&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">当压头尖端接近水凝胶材料时的一段时期。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fontstyle0">为了克服这些系统的局限性，在 "纳米 "模块中的 </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0"><a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">机械测试仪</a> 使用单独的称重传感器测量力反馈，以确保所有类型的材料（软质或硬质）的高精度。压电控制的位移极其精确且快速。通过消除具有线圈/磁铁组件且无力反馈的系统必须考虑的许多理论假设，可以实现无与伦比的粘弹性测量。</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测量目标</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">在这个应用中， </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">机械测试仪，在纳米压痕模式下，被用来研究水凝胶样品的硬度、弹性模量和蠕变。</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt;">机械测试仪</span></p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9934" alt="纳米压印机和划痕测试器 Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">测试条件</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">用纳米压痕技术对放置在玻璃片上的水凝胶样品进行测试，使用的是 </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">机械测试仪。对于这种柔软的材料，使用了一个直径为3毫米的球形尖端。在加载期间，载荷从0.06到10 mN线性增加。然后通过在最大载荷10 mN下70秒的压痕深度的变化来测量蠕变。</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">接近速度。 </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">100 μm/min</span></span></p>								</div>
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									联系负载								</div>
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									0.06 mN								</div>
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									最大负荷								</div>
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									10 mN								</div>
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									装载率								</div>
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									<p>20 mN/min</p>								</div>
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									CREEP								</div>
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									70 s								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="722" height="306" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Spherical-Indenter-Type-Mechanical-Tester.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15560" alt="水凝胶测试压痕" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结果与讨论</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">载荷和深度随时间的变化如图所示 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图1</span><span class="fontstyle0">.可以观察到，在图上的 </span><span class="fontstyle2">深度与时间</span><span class="fontstyle0">因此，很难确定加载期开始时的斜率变化点，这通常可以作为压头开始接触软质材料的指示。然而，图中的 </span><span class="fontstyle2">负载与时间 </span><span class="fontstyle0">显示了水凝胶在外加载荷下的奇特行为。当水凝胶开始与球压头接触时，水凝胶由于其表面张力而拉动球压头，这往往会减少表面积。这种行为导致了在加载阶段开始时测量到的负载为负值。当压头沉入水凝胶时，载荷逐渐增加，然后控制在最大载荷10 mN的位置，持续70秒，以研究水凝胶的蠕变行为。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Indentation-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15555" alt="水凝胶表征" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Nanoindentation-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15557" alt="水凝胶的纳米压痕" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">负荷和深度的演变是时间的一个函数。</span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">的情节。 </span><span class="fontstyle2">蠕变深度与时间的关系 </span><span class="fontstyle0">显示在 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图2</span><span class="fontstyle0">，以及 </span><span class="fontstyle2">负荷与位移的关系 </span><span class="fontstyle0">纳米压痕测试的曲线图如图所示 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图3</span><span class="fontstyle0">.本研究中的水凝胶拥有16.9KPa的硬度和160.2KPa的杨氏模量，这是根据使用Oliver-Pharr方法的负载位移曲线计算出来的。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0">蠕变是研究水凝胶机械性能的一个重要因素。压电装置和超灵敏的称重传感器之间的闭环反馈控制确保了在最大载荷的蠕变时间内的真正恒定载荷。如图所示 </span><span class="fontstyle2">图2</span><span class="fontstyle0">在3毫米球头施加的10毫牛最大负荷下，水凝胶在70秒内因蠕变而消退~42微米。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="643" height="416" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Mechanical-Properties-2-12b-13.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15556" alt="水凝胶的力学测试" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">在最大负荷为10 mN的情况下蠕动70秒。</span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="936" height="376" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Study-Load-vs-Displacement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15558" alt="水凝胶耐久性测试" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">水凝胶的负载与位移图。</span></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">结论</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">在这项研究中，我们展示了 </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">机械测试仪在纳米压痕模式下，对水凝胶的机械性能包括硬度、杨氏模量和蠕变进行精确和可重复的测量。3毫米的大球头确保了与水凝胶表面的正确接触。高精度的电动样品台允许将水凝胶样品的平坦面准确地定位在球头下。本研究中的水凝胶表现出16.9KPa的硬度和160.2KPa的杨氏模量。在10mN的负载下，70秒的蠕变深度为~42μm。</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">机械测试仪在一个平台上提供无可比拟的多功能纳米和微米模块。这两个模块包括划痕测试器、硬度测试器和磨损测试器模式，在一个单一的平台上提供最广泛和最友好的测试范围。<br />系统。</span></p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b0%b4%e5%87%9d%e8%83%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%ba%e6%a2%b0%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd/">Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>用纳米压痕法研究聚合物的蠕动变形</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95%e7%9a%84%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e8%a0%95%e5%8f%98-%e5%8f%98%e5%bd%a2/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Thu, 13 May 2021 19:38:09 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=11346</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>利用纳米压痕技术检测聚合物的蠕变变形 了解更多</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95%e7%9a%84%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e8%a0%95%e5%8f%98-%e5%8f%98%e5%bd%a2/">Creep Deformation of Polymers using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="11346" class="elementor elementor-11346" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>用纳米压痕法研究聚合物的蠕动变形</p><p>了解更多</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>蠕变变形</span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>使用纳米压痕的聚合物</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creep-Deformation-of-Polymers-Using-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11348" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">编写者</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>杜安杰-李</span><span style="font-size:17pt">硕士，博士 </span><span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">简介</h2>				</div>
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									<p>作为粘弹性材料，聚合物在一定的外加载荷下经常发生随时间变化的变形，也称为蠕变。当聚合物部件被设计为暴露在持续的压力下时，蠕变就成为一个关键因素，如结构部件、连接件和配件以及静水压力容器。</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">蠕变测量对聚合物的重要性
聚合物</h2>				</div>
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									<p>粘弹性的固有性质对聚合物的性能起着至关重要的作用，并直接影响其使用可靠性。负载和温度等环境条件影响聚合物的蠕变行为。由于缺乏对特定使用条件下使用的聚合物材料随时间变化的蠕变行为的警惕性，经常会发生蠕变失效。因此，开发一种可靠且定量的聚合物粘弹性机械行为测试方法非常重要。 NANOVEA 的 Nano 模块 <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">微纳米力学测试系统</a> 通过高精度压电元件施加负载，并直接测量原位力和位移的演变。准确性和可重复性的结合使其成为蠕变测量的理想工具。</p>								</div>
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									<p>测量目标</p>								</div>
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									<p>在这个应用中，我们展示了<br />NANOVEA PB1000机械测试仪<br />在 <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">纳米压痕</a> 模式是一个理想的工具<br />用于研究粘弹性机械性能<br />包括硬度、杨氏模量<br />和高分子材料的蠕变。</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>PB1000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9934" alt="纳米压印机和划痕测试器 Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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									测试条件								</div>
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									<p>使用NANOVEA PB1000机械测试仪，用纳米压痕技术测试了8种不同的聚合物样品。当载荷从0到40毫牛线性增加时，深度在加载阶段逐渐增加。然后通过在最大载荷40 mN的30秒内压痕深度的变化来测量蠕变。</p>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">最大负荷 </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> <space> <space> <space> <space> 40 mN </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">装载率 </span><br><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 80 mN/min </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">卸载率 </span>
<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 80 mN/min </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">哭的时候 </span><br><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 30 s </span>								</div>
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									<p><em><strong>缩略语类型</strong></em></p>								</div>
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									<p><em><strong>贝尔科维奇</strong></em></p>								</div>
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									<p><strong><em>钻石</em></strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="678" height="332" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Setup-of-the-nanoindentation-test-NANOVEA-Mechanical-Tester.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11354" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">*</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">纳米压痕测试的设置</span></p>								</div>
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									结果与讨论								</div>
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									<p>不同聚合物样品的纳米压痕试验的载荷与位移图见图1，蠕变曲线比较见图2。硬度和杨氏模量总结于图3，蠕变深度显示于图4。作为图1中的一个例子，纳米压痕测量的载荷-位移曲线的AB、BC和CD部分分别代表加载、蠕变和卸载过程。</p><p>在测试的聚合物中，Delrin和PVC的硬度最高，分别为0.23和0.22GPa，而LDPE的硬度最低，为0.026GPa。一般来说，较硬的聚合物显示出较低的蠕变率。最软的LDPE具有最高的798纳米的蠕变深度，而Delrin的蠕变深度约为120纳米。</p><p>当聚合物被用于结构件时，其蠕变特性是至关重要的。通过精确测量聚合物的硬度和蠕变，可以更好地了解聚合物随时间变化的可靠性。使用NANOVEA PB1000机械测试仪也可以在不同的高温和湿度下测量蠕变，即给定载荷下的位移变化，为定量和可靠地测量聚合物的粘弹性机械行为提供一个理想的工具。<br />在模拟的现实应用环境中。</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="576" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/The-load-vs-displacement-plots-of-different-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11355" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">负荷与位移的关系图<br />不同的聚合物。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="576" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creeping-at-a-maximum-load-of-40-mN-for-30-s-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11350" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">在最大负荷为40 mN的情况下蠕动30秒。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="592" height="492" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hardness-and-Young’s-modulus-of-the-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11351" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">聚合物的硬度和杨氏模量。</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="591" height="492" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creep-depth-of-the-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11349" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">图4: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">聚合物的蠕变深度。</span></p>								</div>
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									<p>在这项研究中，我们展示了NANOVEA PB1000<br />机械测试仪测量不同聚合物的机械性能，包括硬度、杨氏模量和蠕变。这种机械性能对于为预期应用选择适当的聚合物材料至关重要。德林和聚氯乙烯的硬度最高，分别为0.23和0.22GPa，而低密度聚乙烯的硬度最低，为0.026GPa。一般来说，较硬的聚合物表现出较低的蠕变率。最软的LDPE显示出最高的蠕变深度为798纳米，而Derlin则为120纳米。</p><p>NANOVEA机械测试机在一个平台上提供了无可比拟的多功能纳米和微米模块。纳米和微米模块都包括划痕测试器、硬度测试器和磨损测试器模式，在单一系统上提供了最疯狂和最方便的测试范围。</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95%e7%9a%84%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e8%a0%95%e5%8f%98-%e5%8f%98%e5%bd%a2/">Creep Deformation of Polymers using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>使用纳米压痕的应力松弛测量</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%ba%94%e5%8a%9b-%e6%94%be%e6%9d%be-%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95%e6%b3%95/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stress-relaxation-measurement-using-nanoindentation</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Fri, 01 Nov 2019 14:36:23 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e5%ba%94%e5%8a%9b-%e6%94%be%e6%9d%be-%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95%e6%b3%95/">Stress Relaxation Measurement using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p><em><strong><u>简介</u></strong></em></p>
<p>粘弹性材料的特点是同时具有粘性和弹性材料特性。这些材料在恒定的应变下会出现随时间变化的应力下降（应力'松弛'），导致初始接触力的显著损失。应力松弛取决于材料的类型、纹理、温度、初始应力和时间。了解应力松弛对于选择具有特定应用所需强度和灵活性（松弛）的最佳材料至关重要。</p>
<p><em><strong><u>应力放松测量的重要性</u></strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/stress-picture.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7394" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/stress-picture.jpg" alt="" width="1269" height="636"></a></p>
<p>根据 ASTM E328i“材料和结构应力松弛的标准测试方法”，首先用压头在材料或结构上施加外力，直到达到预定的最大力。一旦达到最大力，压头的位置就在此深度保持恒定。然后测量维持压头位置所需的外力随时间的变化。应力松弛测试的难点在于保持深度恒定。 Nanovea 机械测试仪 <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">纳米压痕</a> 模块通过使用压电执行器对深度进行闭环（反馈）控制来精确测量应力松弛。执行器实时反应以保持深度恒定，同时由高度灵敏的负载传感器测量和记录负载的变化。该测试几乎可以对所有类型的材料进行，无需严格的样品尺寸要求。此外，可以在单个扁平样品上进行多次测试，以确保测试的重复性</p>
<p><em><strong><u>测量目标</u></strong></em></p>
<p>在此应用中，Nanovea Mechanical Tester 的纳米压痕模块可测量丙烯酸和铜样品的应力松弛行为。我们展示了 Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">机械测试仪</a> 是评估聚合物和金属材料随时间变化的粘弹性行为的理想工具。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/measurement-objectives-png-compressed.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7381" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/measurement-objectives-png-compressed.jpg" alt="" width="1109" height="739"></a></p>
<p><em><strong><u>测试条件</u></strong></em></p>
<p>通过Nanovea机械测试仪的纳米压痕模块测量丙烯酸和铜样品的应力松弛。不同的压痕加载速率从1到10微米/分钟不等。一旦达到目标最大载荷，就在一个固定的深度测量松弛度。在一个固定的深度实施100秒的保持期，随着保持时间的推移记录载荷的变化。所有的测试都是在环境条件下进行的（室温为23℃），压痕测试参数总结在表1中。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/table-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7250 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/table-1.png" alt="" width="761" height="121"></a></p>
<p><em><strong><u>结果和讨论</u></strong></em></p>
<p><strong>图2</strong> 显示了在亚克力样品的应力松弛测量过程中位移和载荷随时间的变化，以压痕加载速率为3微米/分钟为例。这个测试的整个过程可以分成三个阶段。加载、松弛和卸载。在加载阶段，深度随着载荷的逐渐增加而线性增加。一旦达到最大负荷，放松阶段就开始了。在这个阶段，通过使用仪器的闭合反馈回路深度控制功能，恒定的深度保持了100秒，观察到负载随着时间的推移而减少。整个测试以卸载阶段结束，以便将压头从亚克力样品中取出。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7252 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-2.png" alt="" width="570" height="445"></a></p>
<p>使用相同的压头加载率进行了额外的压痕测试，但不包括放松（蠕变）期。从这些测试中获得了载荷与位移图，并在图3中结合了亚克力和铜样品的图表。随着压头加载速率从10到1微米/分钟的下降，亚克力和铜的载荷-位移曲线逐渐向更高的穿透深度移动。这种随时间变化的应变增加是由材料的粘弹性蠕变效应造成的。较低的加载速率使粘弹性材料有更多的时间对它所经历的外部压力作出反应，并相应地发生变形。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-3.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7251 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-3.png" alt="" width="541" height="816"></a></p>
<p>图4显示了两种测试材料在恒定应变下使用不同压痕加载速率的载荷变化。在测试的松弛阶段（100秒保持期）的早期阶段，载荷以较高的速率下降，一旦保持时间达到约50秒，就会放缓。粘弹性材料，如聚合物和金属，在承受较高的压痕负载率时，表现出更大的负载损失率。当压痕加载速率从1到10 µm/min增加时，亚克力材料在松弛期间的载荷损失率从51.5 mN增加到103.2 mN，而铜的载荷损失率从15.0 mN增加到27.4 mN，总结如下 <strong>图5</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-4.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7248 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-4.png" alt="" width="625" height="807"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-5.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7249 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-5.png" alt="" width="554" height="675"></a></p>
<p>正如ASTM标准E328ii中提到的，在应力松弛测试中遇到的主要问题是仪器不能保持恒定的应变/深度。由于Nanovea机械测试仪能够在快速作用的压电致动器和独立的电容深度传感器之间应用深度的闭合反馈回路控制，因此能够提供非常准确的应力松弛测量。在松弛阶段，压电致动器实时调整压头以保持其恒定的深度约束，而负载的变化则由独立的高精度负载传感器测量和记录。</p>
<p><strong><u><i>结论</i></u></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/img80.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-7104" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/img80.jpg" alt="" width="790" height="364"></a></p>
<p>使用Nanovea机械测试仪的纳米压痕模块，在不同的加载速率下测量了丙烯酸和铜样品的应力松弛。由于材料在加载过程中的蠕变效应，在较低的加载速率下进行压痕时，会达到更大的最大深度。当目标最大载荷的压头位置保持不变时，亚克力和铜样品都表现出应力松弛行为。在松弛阶段，观察到更高的压痕加载率的测试中，载荷损失的变化更大。</p>
<p>由Nanovea机械测试仪产生的应力松弛测试展示了该仪器量化和可靠地测量聚合物和金属材料的时间依赖性粘弹性行为的能力。它在一个平台上拥有无可比拟的多功能纳米和微米模块。湿度和温度控制模块可以与这些仪器配对，以获得适用于广泛行业的环境测试能力。纳米和微米模块都包括划痕测试、硬度测试和磨损测试模式，在单一系统上提供了最广泛和最方便用户的机械测试能力。</p>								</div>
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		<title>聚合物薄膜的可控湿度纳米压痕</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6-%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95-%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=humidity-nanoindentation-polymer</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubdate>Mon, 29 Aug 2016 21:19:32 +0000</pubdate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humidity Mechanical Testing]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[humidity nanoindentation]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>The mechanical properties of polymer is modified as the environmental humidity elevates. Transient moisture effects, a.k.a. mechano-sorptive effects arises as the polymer absorbs high moisture content and experiences accelerated creep behavior. The higher creep compliance is a result of complex combined effects such as increased molecular mobility, sorption-induced physical aging and sorption-induced stress gradients. Therefore, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6-%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95-%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9/">Controlled Humidity Nanoindentation of Polymer Films</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>聚合物的机械性能会随着环境湿度的增加而改变。瞬时湿度效应，又称机械吸收效应，产生于聚合物吸收高湿度并经历加速的蠕变行为。更高的蠕变顺应性是复杂的综合效应的结果，如分子流动性增加，吸附引起的物理老化和吸附引起的应力梯度。</p>
<p>因此，需要一个可靠的和定量的测试（湿度纳米压痕），以了解在不同湿度下，吸附对聚合物材料的机械行为的影响。Nanovea机械测试仪的纳米模块通过一个高精度的压电装置施加负载，并直接测量力和位移的变化。通过隔离罩在压头和样品表面周围形成均匀的湿度，这保证了测量的准确性，并将湿度梯度引起的漂移的影响降到最低。</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/App-Notes/humidity-nanoindentation.pdf">聚合物薄膜的可控湿度纳米压痕</a></p><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh/%e6%b9%bf%e5%ba%a6-%e7%ba%b3%e7%b1%b3%e5%8e%8b%e7%97%95-%e8%81%9a%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9/">Controlled Humidity Nanoindentation of Polymer Films</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/zh">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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