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	<title>Indentation | Creep and Relaxation Application Notes - NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</title>
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	<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/categoria/notas-de-aplicacao/testes-mecanicos/relaxamento-de-fluencia-por-indentacao/</link>
	<description>Instrumentos de metrologia para pesquisa de materiais e controle de qualidade</description>
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	<title>Indentation | Creep and Relaxation Application Notes - NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</title>
	<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/categoria/notas-de-aplicacao/testes-mecanicos/relaxamento-de-fluencia-por-indentacao/</link>
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		<title>Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation of Polymer Materials</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/humidity-controlled-nanoindentation/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=humidity-controlled-nanoindentation</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/pt/humidity-controlled-nanoindentation/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 21:48:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Humidity Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26617</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Environmental Nanoindentation Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation of Polymer Films Measuring Hardness and Creep Under Controlled Relative Humidity Request Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD &#38; Andrea Novitsky Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Polymers are viscoelastic materials, meaning their mechanical response can change with time [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/humidity-controlled-nanoindentation/">Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation of Polymer Materials</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>Application Note | Environmental Nanoindentation</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation of Polymer Films</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measuring Hardness and Creep Under Controlled Relative Humidity</h2>				</div>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1200" height="360" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/umidity-controlled-nanoindentation-transparent-polymer-application.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26603" alt="Transparent polymer application exposed to humidity and condensation, illustrating moisture-sensitive material performance" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Duanjie Li, PhD &amp; Andrea Novitsky</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Introdução</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="661" data-end="974">Polymers are viscoelastic materials, meaning their mechanical response can change with time and environmental conditions. Under sustained loading, they can gradually deform through creep, with the rate of deformation influenced by factors such as material properties, exposure time, temperature, and humidity.</p><p data-start="976" data-end="1230">As environmental humidity changes, the mechanical behavior of polymer materials can change as well. Measuring <a href="https://nanovea.com/instrumented-indentation-hardness-elastic-modulus/">hardness and creep</a> under controlled relative humidity provides a quantitative way to evaluate how moisture exposure affects polymer performance.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation Matters</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="462" data-end="699">The mechanical properties of polymers can change as environmental humidity increases. As moisture is absorbed, polymers may exhibit mechano-sorptive effects, including accelerated creep and changes in deformation behavior under load.</p><p data-start="701" data-end="974">Reliable characterization therefore requires more than measuring the material at a single ambient condition. <a href="https://nanovea.com/humidity-module-mechanical-tester/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">Humidity-controlled nanoindentation</a> enables hardness and creep to be measured while both the sample and indenter are maintained in a uniform controlled environment.</p><p data-start="976" data-end="1333">The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester uses an isolated humidity enclosure around the indentation tip and sample surface to maintain consistent relative humidity during testing. This helps minimize measurement drift caused by humidity gradients and provides a quantitative way to evaluate moisture-dependent mechanical behavior.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Objetivo da medição</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="330" data-end="490">The objective of this study was to evaluate how controlled relative humidity influences the hardness and creep behavior of a polymer film using <a href="https://nanovea.com/instrumented-indentation-hardness-elastic-modulus/">nanoindentação</a>.</p><p data-start="492" data-end="696">The polymer film was tested in an isolated environment with uniform humidity surrounding both the sample and indenter, allowing its mechanical response to be measured under controlled moisture conditions.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Condições de teste</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="249" data-end="475">A polymer film was tested by nanoindentation at 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75% relative humidity. Both the sample and indenter were maintained inside an isolated enclosure with uniform humidity controlled throughout the test.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1000" height="534" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/polymer-film-humidity-controlled-nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26602" alt="Polymer film sample used for humidity-controlled nanoindentation testing" />															</div>
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									<p>Polymer film sample used for humidity-controlled nanoindentation testing.</p>								</div>
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									<p data-start="477" data-end="703">A Berkovich diamond indenter was used with a maximum load of 10 mN. The load was applied and removed at 20 mN/min, and <a href="https://nanovea.com/instrumented-indentation-creep-relaxation/">creep was measured</a> from the change in indentation depth during a 10 s hold at maximum load.</p><p data-start="705" data-end="860">Hardness was calculated using ASTM E2546 and the Oliver &amp; Pharr method. The test conditions are summarized below.</p>								</div>
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									<div style="width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;"><table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 50%; background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Humidity (%)</td><td style="width: 50%; background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Maximum load</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">10 mN</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Taxa de carregamento</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">20 mN/min</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Unloading rate</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">20 mN/min</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Creep time</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">10 s</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Computation method</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">ASTM E2546 &amp; Oliver &amp; Pharr</td></tr><tr><td style="background: #2298c7; color: #ffffff; font-weight: 600; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd;">Indenter type</td><td style="background: #ffffff; color: #111111; padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; text-align: center;">Berkovich diamond</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="341" data-end="548">The load-displacement curves show a progressive increase in penetration depth as relative humidity rises, indicating that the polymer film becomes more susceptible to deformation under the same applied load.</p><p data-start="550" data-end="964">Between 25% and 55% relative humidity, hardness decreased gradually from approximately 0.60 to 0.54 GPa, while creep depth increased from 36 to 48 nm. At higher humidity, the changes became substantially more pronounced. Hardness decreased to 0.46 GPa at 65% RH and 0.31 GPa at 75% RH, while creep depth increased to 80 nm and 105 nm, respectively.</p><p data-start="966" data-end="1315">The original study attributes this stronger response at elevated humidity to moisture absorption and swelling of the polymer film. It identifies the transition between 55% and 65% RH as the range where swelling becomes significant, corresponding with the sharp increase in creep observed during indentation.</p><p data-start="1317" data-end="1669">These results demonstrate why humidity can be an important test variable when evaluating polymers intended for moisture-rich environments. Measuring both hardness and creep across controlled humidity levels provides a more complete view of how the material responds mechanically as environmental conditions change.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/humidity-controlled-nanoindentation-load-displacement-polymer-film.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26600" alt="Load-displacement curves from humidity-controlled nanoindentation of a polymer film at 25% to 75% relative humidity" />															</div>
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									<p>Nanoindentation load-displacement curves at relative humidity levels from 25% to 75%.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="884" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/polymer-hardness-creep-relative-humidity-nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26601" alt="Graph showing polymer hardness decreasing and creep depth increasing from 25% to 75% relative humidity during nanoindentation" />															</div>
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									<p>Polymer hardness decreases while creep depth increases as relative humidity rises from 25% to 75%.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Conclusão</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="430" data-end="672">Humidity-controlled nanoindentation revealed a clear change in the mechanical response of the polymer film as relative humidity increased. Across the tested range from 25% to 75% RH, hardness progressively decreased while creep increased.</p><p data-start="674" data-end="984">At 65% RH and above, the polymer exhibited substantially greater creep deformation during the hold at maximum load, corresponding with the sharper reduction in hardness observed at higher humidity.</p><p data-start="986" data-end="1417">By maintaining both the sample and indenter within an isolated environment of uniform relative humidity, the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester enables hardness and creep to be measured while minimizing the influence of humidity-gradient drift. This provides a quantitative method for evaluating the moisture-dependent mechanical behavior of polymer materials under controlled environmental conditions.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a2dee8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why does humidity affect polymer hardness and creep?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Polymers can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment, which can alter their mechanical response. Depending on the material, increased moisture can reduce resistance to deformation and increase time-dependent creep. In this study, increasing relative humidity corresponded with decreasing hardness and increasing creep depth.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Can nanoindentation be performed under controlled humidity?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Yes. Nanoindentation can be performed inside a controlled environmental enclosure so that both the sample and indenter are exposed to a defined relative humidity during testing. This makes it possible to compare mechanical properties under different moisture conditions rather than relying solely on uncontrolled ambient laboratory conditions.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cf1f839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cf1f839" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why test polymers at controlled relative humidity instead of ambient conditions?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Ambient humidity can vary and may not represent the conditions a polymer experiences during storage, processing, or use. Controlling relative humidity allows the environmental condition to become a defined test variable, making it possible to determine whether changes in hardness, creep, or deformation behavior are associated with moisture exposure.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What mechanical properties can be measured under controlled humidity?</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="1348" data-end="1612">Depending on the test method, nanoindentation can evaluate properties including hardness, elastic modulus, and time-dependent creep behavior under controlled environmental conditions. In this study, hardness and creep were measured as relative humidity changed.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3d372dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What materials can benefit from humidity-controlled nanoindentation?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Humidity-controlled testing can be particularly useful for polymers, thin films, coatings, and other materials whose mechanical behavior may be influenced by moisture absorption. The appropriate humidity range and indentation conditions depend on the material and application.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can humidity-controlled nanoindentation support material development?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Testing across multiple relative humidity levels can reveal whether a material maintains its mechanical properties as environmental moisture changes. This can support material comparison, formulation development, coating evaluation, failure investigation, and the assessment of materials intended for humidity-sensitive applications.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Can NANOVEA perform humidity-controlled nanoindentation as a laboratory service?</h3>				</div>
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									<div class="qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot"><div class="" data-turn-id-container="request-6a84dde8-f41c-83ea-94d2-f10002028a3f-19" data-is-intersecting="true"><section class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" data-turn-id="request-6a84dde8-f41c-83ea-94d2-f10002028a3f-19" data-turn-id-container="request-6a84dde8-f41c-83ea-94d2-f10002028a3f-19" data-testid="conversation-turn-48" data-turn="assistant"><div class="text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-8 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)"><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" data-conversation-screenshot-content=""><div class="flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow"><div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1" dir="auto" tabindex="0" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="407e6e87-17bc-4179-ae8c-7d1aa4b9d36c" data-turn-start-message="true" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-6-thinking"><div class="flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden"><div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling"><p class="PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer" data-start="2709" data-end="3016" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Yes. NANOVEA can perform nanoindentation testing under controlled environmental conditions to evaluate properties such as hardness and creep as humidity changes. Test parameters can be selected according to the material, expected service conditions, and the specific engineering question being investigated.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start"> </div></div><div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1" data-conversation-screenshot-content=""><div> </div></div></div></section></div></div><div class="pointer-events-none -mt-px h-px translate-y-(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom)" aria-hidden="true"> </div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation for Your Material?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/humidity-controlled-nanoindentation/">Humidity-Controlled Nanoindentation of Polymer Materials</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Propriedades mecânicas do Hydrogel</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/propriedades-mecanico-propriedades-de-hidrogel/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=mechanical-properties-of-hydrogel</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Ter, 21 de setembro de 2021 20:41:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Hardness and Elastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=15550</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL USING NANOINDENTATION Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD &#38; JORGE RAMIREZ INTRODUCTION Hydrogel is known for its super absorbency of water allowing for a close resemblance in flexibility as natural tissues. This resemblance has made hydrogel a common choice not only in biomaterials, but also in electronics, environment and consumer good applications [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/propriedades-mecanico-propriedades-de-hidrogel/">Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="15550" class="elementor elementor-15550" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DO HIDROGEL</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">UTILIZANDO A NANOINDENTAÇÃO</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="242" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Mechanical-Properties-of-Hydrogel-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15552" alt="PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DO HIDROGEL" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">DUANJIE LI, PhD &amp; JORGE RAMÍREZ</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-753c1f3 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="753c1f3" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUÇÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">O hidrogel é conhecido por sua superabsorção de água, permitindo uma grande semelhança em flexibilidade como tecidos naturais. Esta semelhança tornou o hidrogel uma escolha comum não apenas em biomateriais, mas também em eletrônica, meio ambiente e boas aplicações para o consumidor, como lentes de contato. Cada aplicação única requer propriedades mecânicas específicas do hidrogel.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTÂNCIA DA NANOINDENTAÇÃO PARA A HIDROGEL</h2>				</div>
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									<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fontstyle0">Os hidrogéis criam desafios únicos para a nanoindentação, tais como a seleção de parâmetros de teste e o preparo de amostras. Muitos sistemas de nanoindentação têm grandes limitações desde que não foram originalmente projetados para&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">materiais tão macios. Alguns dos sistemas de nanoindentação utilizam um conjunto bobina/imã para aplicar força sobre a amostra. Não há medição de força real, levando a uma carga imprecisa e não linear ao testar materiais moles.&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">materiais. Determinar o ponto de contato é extremamente difícil, pois o&nbsp;</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">A profundidade é o único parâmetro que está sendo realmente medido. É quase impossível observar a mudança de declive no </span><span class="fontstyle2" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Profundidade vs Tempo </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">durante o&nbsp;</span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-secondary ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">período em que a ponta indentada está se aproximando do material hidrogel.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fontstyle0">A fim de superar as limitações desses sistemas, o nano módulo do </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0"><a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">Testador Mecânico</a> mede o feedback de força com uma célula de carga individual para garantir alta precisão em todos os tipos de materiais, macios ou duros. O deslocamento controlado por piezo é extremamente preciso e rápido. Isso permite uma medição incomparável das propriedades viscoelásticas, eliminando muitas suposições teóricas que os sistemas com um conjunto de bobina/ímã e sem realimentação de força devem levar em conta.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">OBJETIVO DA MEDIÇÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nesta aplicação, o </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">O Testador Mecânico, no modo Nanoindentação, é usado para estudar a dureza, módulo elástico e fluência de uma amostra de hidrogel.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">NANOVEA <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt;">Testador Mecânico</span></p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9934" alt="nanoindenter e testador de arranhões Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ec771e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8ec771e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONDIÇÕES DE TESTE</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">Uma amostra de hidrogel colocada sobre uma lâmina de vidro foi testada pela técnica de nanoindentação utilizando uma </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">Testador Mecânico. Para este material macio foi utilizada uma ponta esférica de 3 mm de diâmetro. A carga aumentou linearmente de 0,06 para 10 mN durante o período de carga. A deformação foi então medida pela mudança da profundidade de indentação na carga máxima de 10 mN durante 70 segundos.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">VELOCIDADE DE APROXIMAÇÃO: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">100 μm/min</span></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-14a5add elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="14a5add" data-element_type="section">
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									CONTATO CARREGAR								</div>
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									0,06 mN								</div>
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									CARGA MÁX								</div>
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									10 mN								</div>
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									TAXA DE CARREGAMENTO								</div>
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									<p>20 mN/min</p>								</div>
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									CREEP								</div>
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									70 s								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="722" height="306" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Spherical-Indenter-Type-Mechanical-Tester.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15560" alt="Teste de indentação em hidrogel" />															</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b28588 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4b28588" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">RESULTADOS &amp; DISCUSSÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">A evolução da carga e da profundidade em função do tempo é mostrada em </span><span class="fontstyle2">FUGURA 1</span><span class="fontstyle0">. Pode-se observar que na trama do </span><span class="fontstyle2">Profundidade vs Tempo</span><span class="fontstyle0">É muito difícil determinar o ponto de mudança de declive no início do período de carregamento, que geralmente funciona como uma indicação onde o indentro começa a entrar em contato com o material macio. No entanto, a trama do </span><span class="fontstyle2">Carga vs Tempo </span><span class="fontstyle0">mostra o comportamento peculiar do hidrogel sob uma carga aplicada. Quando o hidrogel começa a entrar em contato com o recuo da bola, o hidrogel puxa o recuo da bola devido a sua tensão superficial, que tende a diminuir a área da superfície. Este comportamento leva à carga medida negativa no início da fase de carga. A carga aumenta progressivamente à medida que o indentro afunda no hidrogel, e é então controlada para ser constante na carga máxima de 10 mN durante 70 segundos para estudar o comportamento de rastejamento do hidrogel.</span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-136f3fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="136f3fb" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Indentation-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15555" alt="caracterização do hidrogel" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="551" height="430" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Nanoindentation-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15557" alt="nanoindentação de hidrogéis" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">Evolução da carga e profundidade em função do tempo.</span></span></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6990ebb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6990ebb" data-element_type="section">
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">A trama do </span><span class="fontstyle2">Profundidade de Creep vs Tempo </span><span class="fontstyle0">é mostrado em </span><span class="fontstyle2">FIGURA 2</span><span class="fontstyle0">e o </span><span class="fontstyle2">Carga vs. Deslocamento </span><span class="fontstyle0">gráfico do teste de nanoindentação é mostrado em </span><span class="fontstyle2">FIGURA 3</span><span class="fontstyle0">. O hidrogel neste estudo possui uma dureza de 16,9 KPa e um módulo de Young de 160,2 KPa, calculado com base na curva de deslocamento de carga usando o método Oliver-Pharr.</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle0">O arrepio é um fator importante para o estudo das propriedades mecânicas de um hidrogel. O controle de retroalimentação entre a célula de carga piezo e ultra-sensível garante uma verdadeira carga constante durante o tempo de fluência na carga máxima. Como mostrado em </span><span class="fontstyle2">FIGURA 2</span><span class="fontstyle0">o hidrogel subsidia ~42 μm como resultado de rastejamento em 70 segundos sob a carga máxima de 10 mN aplicada pela ponta esférica de 3 mm.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="643" height="416" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Mechanical-Properties-2-12b-13.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15556" alt="testes mecânicos de hidrogéis" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">Rastejando a uma carga máxima de 10 mN durante 70 segundos.</span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="936" height="376" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hydrogel-Study-Load-vs-Displacement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-15558" alt="teste de durabilidade do hidrogel" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">O gráfico Carga vs. Deslocamento do hidrogel.</span></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">Neste estudo, mostramos que o </span><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">O Testador Mecânico, no modo Nanoindentação, fornece uma medição precisa e repetível das propriedades mecânicas de um hidrogel, incluindo dureza, módulo de Young e fluência. A grande ponta esférica de 3 mm assegura um contato adequado com a superfície do hidrogel. O estágio de amostra motorizado de alta precisão permite o posicionamento preciso da face plana da amostra de hidrogel sob a ponta esférica. O hidrogel neste estudo apresenta uma dureza de 16,9 KPa e um módulo de Young de 160,2 KPa. A profundidade de deslizamento é de ~42 μm sob uma carga de 10 mN durante 70 segundos.</span></p><p><span class="fontstyle2">NANOVEA </span><span class="fontstyle0">Os testadores mecânicos fornecem módulos Nano e Micro multi-funcionais inigualáveis em uma única plataforma. Ambos os módulos incluem um testador de arranhões, um testador de dureza e um modo de teste de desgaste, oferecendo a maior e mais amigável variedade de testes disponíveis em uma única plataforma.<br />sistema.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tem um aplicativo semelhante?</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">CONVERSE COM UM ESPECIALISTA AGORA</span>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">OBTENHA PREÇOS E DETALHES RAPIDAMENTE</span>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/propriedades-mecanico-propriedades-de-hidrogel/">Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Deformação Creep dos Polímeros usando Nanoindentação</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/pt/creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 May 2021 19:38:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=11346</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Deformação por fluência de polímeros usando nanoindentação Saiba mais</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation/">Creep Deformation of Polymers using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="11346" class="elementor elementor-11346" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Deformação Creep dos Polímeros usando Nanoindentação</p><p>Saiba mais</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>DEFORMAÇÃO POR DEFORMAÇÃO</span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>DE POLÍMEROS QUE UTILIZAM A NANOINDENTAÇÃO</span></h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creep-Deformation-of-Polymers-Using-Nanoindentation.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11348" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Preparado por</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>DUANJIE LI</span><span style="font-size:17pt">PhD </span><span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">INTRODUÇÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Como materiais viscoelásticos, os polímeros muitas vezes sofrem uma deformação dependente do tempo sob uma certa carga aplicada, também conhecida como fluência. A fluência torna-se um fator crítico quando as peças poliméricas são projetadas para serem expostas a tensões contínuas, tais como componentes estruturais, uniões e encaixes, e recipientes de pressão hidrostática.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">IMPORTÂNCIA DA MEDIÇÃO DE FLUÊNCIA PARA
POLÍMETROS</h2>				</div>
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									<p>A natureza inerente da viscoelasticidade desempenha um papel vital no desempenho dos polímeros e influencia diretamente a confiabilidade do seu serviço. As condições ambientais, como carga e temperatura, afetam o comportamento de fluência dos polímeros. As falhas por fluência ocorrem frequentemente devido à falta de atenção ao comportamento de fluência dependente do tempo dos materiais poliméricos usados sob condições de serviço específicas. Como resultado, é importante desenvolver um teste confiável e quantitativo dos comportamentos mecânicos viscoelásticos dos polímeros. O módulo Nano da NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">Testadores Mecânicos</a> aplica a carga com um piezo de alta precisão e mede diretamente a evolução da força e do deslocamento in situ. A combinação de precisão e repetibilidade torna-o uma ferramenta ideal para medição de fluência.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bbe0c25 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="bbe0c25" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>OBJETIVO DA MEDIÇÃO</p>								</div>
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									<p>Nesta aplicação, mostramos que<br />o Testador Mecânico NANOVEA PB1000<br />em <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">Nanoindentação</a> O modo é uma ferramenta ideal<br />para o estudo das propriedades mecânicas viscoelásticas<br />incluindo dureza, módulo de Young<br />e rastejamento de materiais poliméricos.</p>								</div>
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									<p>NANOVEA</p>								</div>
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									<p>PB1000</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="750" height="804" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-PB1000-scratch-test-and-indentation.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9934" alt="nanoindenter e testador de arranhões Nanovea PB1000" />								</a>
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									CONDIÇÕES DE TESTE								</div>
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									<p>Oito amostras diferentes de polímeros foram testadas pela técnica de nanoindentação usando o Testador Mecânico NANOVEA PB1000. Como a carga aumentou linearmente de 0 a 40 mN, a profundidade aumentou progressivamente durante a fase de carga. A deformação foi então medida pela mudança da profundidade de indentação na carga máxima de 40 mN durante 30 s.</p>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">CARGA MÁXIMA </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> <space> <space> <space> <space> 40 mN </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">TAXA DE CARREGAMENTO </span><br><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 80 mN/min </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">TAXA DE DESLOCAÇÃO </span>
<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 80 mN/min </span>								</div>
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									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">TEMPO DE CRÉDITO </span><br><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"> 30 s </span>								</div>
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									<p><em><strong>TIPO INDENTER</strong></em></p>								</div>
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									<p><em><strong>Berkovich</strong></em></p>								</div>
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									<p><strong><em>Diamante</em></strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="678" height="332" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Setup-of-the-nanoindentation-test-NANOVEA-Mechanical-Tester.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11354" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">*</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">instalação do teste de nanoindentação</span></p>								</div>
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									RESULTADOS &amp; DISCUSSÃO								</div>
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									<p>O gráfico carga vs deslocamento dos testes de nanoindentação em diferentes amostras de polímeros é mostrado no FIGURA 1 e as curvas de fluência são comparadas no FIGURA 2. A dureza e o módulo de Young são resumidos no FIGURA 3, e a profundidade de fluência é mostrada no FIGURA 4. Como exemplos no FIGURA 1, as porções AB, BC e CD da curva de carga-deslocamento para a medição da nanoindentação representam os processos de carga, fluência e descarga, respectivamente.</p><p>Delrin e PVC apresentam a maior dureza de 0,23 e 0,22 GPa, respectivamente, enquanto o PEBD possui a menor dureza de 0,026 GPa entre os polímeros testados. Em geral, os polímeros mais duros apresentam menores taxas de deformação. O PEBD mais mole possui a maior profundidade de fluência de 798 nm, em comparação com ~120 nm para Delrin.</p><p>As propriedades de deslizamento dos polímeros são críticas quando eles são utilizados em peças estruturais. Medindo com precisão a dureza e a fluência dos polímeros, é possível obter uma melhor compreensão da confiabilidade dos polímeros dependente do tempo. A fluência, mudança do deslocamento em uma determinada carga, também pode ser medida em diferentes temperaturas elevadas e umidade usando o Equipamento de Teste Mecânico NANOVEA PB1000, fornecendo uma ferramenta ideal para medir quantitativamente e de forma confiável os comportamentos mecânicos viscoelásticos dos polímeros.<br />no ambiente de aplicação realista simulado.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="576" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/The-load-vs-displacement-plots-of-different-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11355" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 1: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">As parcelas de carga vs deslocamento<br />de diferentes polímeros.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="576" height="453" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creeping-at-a-maximum-load-of-40-mN-for-30-s-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11350" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 2: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">Rastejando a uma carga máxima de 40 mN durante 30 s.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="592" height="492" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hardness-and-Young’s-modulus-of-the-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11351" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 3: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">Dureza e módulo de Young dos polímeros.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="591" height="492" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Creep-depth-of-the-polymers-NANOVEA.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11349" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">FIGURA 4: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #000000;">Profundidade de rastejamento dos polímeros.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="520" height="1024" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Plastic-MAterials-Testing-NANOVEA.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11353" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">CONCLUSÃO</h2>				</div>
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									<p>Neste estudo, mostramos que o NANOVEA PB1000<br />O Testador mecânico mede as propriedades mecânicas de diferentes polímeros, incluindo a dureza, o módulo de Young e a fluência. Tais propriedades mecânicas são essenciais na seleção do material polimérico adequado para as aplicações pretendidas. Derlin e PVC apresentam a maior dureza de 0,23 e 0,22 GPa, respectivamente, enquanto o PEBD possui a menor dureza de 0,026 GPa entre os polímeros testados. Em geral, os polímeros mais duros exibem taxas mais baixas de fluência. O PEBD mais macio apresenta a maior profundidade de fluência de 798 nm, em comparação com ~120 nm para Derlin.</p><p>Os Ensaios Mecânicos NANOVEA fornecem módulos Nano e Micro multi-funcionais inigualáveis em uma única plataforma. Ambos os módulos Nano e Micro incluem os modos de teste de arranhões, teste de dureza e teste de desgaste, fornecendo a gama de testes mais selvagem e mais fácil de usar disponível em um único sistema.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/creep-deformation-of-polymers-using-nanoindentation/">Creep Deformation of Polymers using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Medição de Relaxamento de Tensão usando Nanoindentação</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/pt/stress-relaxation-measurement-usando-nanoindentacao/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stress-relaxation-measurement-using-nanoindentation</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 2019 14:36:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indentation | Creep and Relaxation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mechanical Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=7091</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/stress-relaxation-measurement-usando-nanoindentacao/">Stress Relaxation Measurement using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="7091" class="elementor elementor-7091" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p><em><strong><u>INTRODUÇÃO</u></strong></em></p>
<p>Os materiais viscoelásticos são caracterizados por possuírem propriedades tanto viscosas quanto elásticas. Estes materiais estão sujeitos a uma diminuição da tensão dependente do tempo (stress 'relaxation') sob tensão constante, levando a uma perda significativa da força de contato inicial. O relaxamento de tensão depende do tipo de material, da textura, da temperatura, da tensão inicial e do tempo. A compreensão do relaxamento de tensão é fundamental na seleção de materiais ideais que tenham a força e a flexibilidade (relaxamento) necessárias para aplicações específicas.</p>
<p><em><strong><u>Importância da Medição do Relaxamento de Estresse</u></strong></em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/stress-picture.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7394" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/stress-picture.jpg" alt="" width="1269" height="636"></a></p>
<p>De acordo com a norma ASTM E328i, "Standard Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and Structures" (Métodos de teste padrão para relaxamento de tensão em materiais e estruturas), uma força externa é aplicada inicialmente em um material ou estrutura com um indentador até atingir uma força máxima predeterminada. Quando a força máxima é atingida, a posição do indentador é mantida constante nessa profundidade. Em seguida, a alteração na força externa necessária para manter a posição do indentador é medida em função do tempo. A dificuldade no teste de relaxamento de tensão é manter a profundidade constante. O testador mecânico da Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/nano-indentation-tester/">nanoindentação</a> O módulo mede com precisão o relaxamento da tensão aplicando um controle de loop fechado (feedback) da profundidade com um atuador piezoelétrico. O atuador reage em tempo real para manter a profundidade constante, enquanto a alteração na carga é medida e registrada por um sensor de carga altamente sensível. Esse teste pode ser realizado em praticamente todos os tipos de materiais sem a necessidade de requisitos rigorosos de dimensão da amostra. Além disso, vários testes podem ser realizados em uma única amostra plana para garantir a repetibilidade do teste</p>
<p><em><strong><u>OBJETIVO DA MEDIÇÃO</u></strong></em></p>
<p>Nesta aplicação, o módulo de nanoindentação do Nanovea Mechanical Tester mede o comportamento de relaxamento de tensão de uma amostra de acrílico e cobre. Mostramos que a Nanovea <a href="https://nanovea.com/mechanical-testers/">Testador Mecânico</a> é uma ferramenta ideal para avaliar o comportamento viscoelástico dependente do tempo de materiais poliméricos e metálicos.</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/measurement-objectives-png-compressed.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-7381" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/measurement-objectives-png-compressed.jpg" alt="" width="1109" height="739"></a></p>
<p><em><strong><u>CONDIÇÕES DE TESTE</u></strong></em></p>
<p>O relaxamento de tensão de uma amostra de acrílico e cobre foi medido pelo módulo de nanoindentação do Nanovea Mechanical Tester. Diferentes taxas de carga de indentação foram aplicadas variando de 1 a 10 µm/min. O relaxamento foi medido a uma profundidade fixa, uma vez atingida a carga máxima desejada. Um período de retenção de 100 segundos foi implementado a uma profundidade fixa e a mudança na carga foi registrada conforme o tempo de retenção transcorrido. Todos os testes foram realizados em condições ambientais (temperatura ambiente de 23 °C) e os parâmetros do teste de indentação estão resumidos na Tabela 1.</p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/table-1.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7250 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/table-1.png" alt="" width="761" height="121"></a></p>
<p><em><strong><u>RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO</u></strong></em></p>
<p><strong>Figura 2</strong> mostra a evolução do deslocamento e da carga em função do tempo durante a medição do relaxamento de tensão de uma amostra de acrílico e uma taxa de carga de indentação de 3 µm/min, como exemplo. A totalidade deste teste pode ser decomposta em três etapas: Carregamento, Relaxamento e Descarregamento. Durante a fase de Carregamento, a profundidade aumentou linearmente à medida que a carga aumentava progressivamente. O estágio de Relaxamento foi iniciado assim que a carga máxima foi atingida. Durante este estágio, uma profundidade constante foi mantida por 100 segundos usando o recurso de controle de profundidade do circuito fechado de feedback do instrumento e foi observado que a carga diminuiu ao longo do tempo. Todo o teste foi concluído com uma etapa de descarga a fim de remover o indentro da amostra de acrílico.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-2.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7252 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-2.png" alt="" width="570" height="445"></a></p>
<p>Testes adicionais de indentação foram conduzidos utilizando as mesmas taxas de carga indentada, mas excluindo um período de relaxamento (creep). Os lotes de carga vs. deslocamento foram adquiridos destes testes e foram combinados nos gráficos da Figura 3 para as amostras de acrílico e cobre. Como a taxa de carga indentada diminuiu de 10 para 1 µm/min, a curva de carga-deslocamento se deslocou progressivamente para profundidades de penetração mais altas tanto para Acrílico como para Cobre. Tal aumento de tensão dependente do tempo resulta do efeito de fluência viscoelástica dos materiais. Uma menor taxa de carga permite que um material viscoelástico tenha mais tempo para reagir à tensão externa que experimenta e para deformar de acordo...</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-3.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-7251 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-3.png" alt="" width="541" height="816"></a></p>
<p>A evolução da carga a uma tensão constante usando diferentes taxas de carga de recuo foram plotadas na Figura 4 para ambos os materiais testados. A carga diminuiu a uma taxa maior nos estágios iniciais da fase de relaxamento (período de retenção de 100 segundos) dos testes e diminuiu uma vez que o tempo de retenção atingiu ~50 segundos. Materiais viscoelásticos, tais como polímeros e metais, apresentam maior taxa de perda de carga quando são submetidos a taxas de carga de indentação mais altas. A taxa de perda de carga durante o relaxamento aumentou de 51,5 para 103,2 mN para Acrílico, e de 15,0 para 27,4 mN para Cobre, respectivamente, à medida que a taxa de carga de indentação aumentou de 1 para 10 µm/min, conforme resumido em <strong>Figura 5</strong>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-4.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7248 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-4.png" alt="" width="625" height="807"></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-5.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-7249 aligncenter" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/figure-5.png" alt="" width="554" height="675"></a></p>
<p>Como mencionado na Norma ASTM E328ii, o principal problema encontrado nos testes de relaxamento de estresse é a incapacidade do instrumento de manter uma tensão/profundidade constante. O Testador Mecânico Nanovea proporciona excelentes medições precisas de relaxamento de tensão devido a sua capacidade de aplicar um controle fechado de loop de realimentação da profundidade entre o atuador piezoelétrico de ação rápida e o sensor de profundidade do capacitor independente. Durante o estágio de relaxamento, o atuador piezoelétrico ajusta o indentro para manter sua constante restrição de profundidade em tempo real enquanto a mudança de carga é medida e registrada por um sensor de carga independente de alta precisão.</p>
<p><strong><u><i>CONCLUSÃO</i></u></strong></p>
<p><a href="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/img80.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-7104" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/img80.jpg" alt="" width="790" height="364"></a></p>
<p>O relaxamento de tensão de uma amostra de acrílico e cobre foi medido usando o módulo de nanoindentação do Nanovea Mechanical Tester a diferentes taxas de carga. Uma profundidade máxima maior é atingida quando as reentrâncias são realizadas com taxas de carga menores devido ao efeito de rastejamento do material durante a carga. Tanto o acrílico quanto a amostra de cobre apresentam comportamento de relaxamento de tensão quando a posição de indentação a uma carga máxima alvo é mantida constante. Maiores mudanças na perda de carga durante a fase de relaxamento foram observadas para os testes com maiores taxas de carga de indentação.</p>
<p>O teste de relaxamento de tensão produzido pelo Nanovea Mechanical Tester mostra a capacidade dos instrumentos de quantificar e medir de forma confiável o comportamento viscoelástico dependente do tempo dos materiais de polímeros e metais. Ele possui um Nano e Micro módulos multifuncionais inigualáveis em uma única plataforma. Os módulos de controle de umidade e temperatura podem ser emparelhados com estes instrumentos para capacidades de testes ambientais aplicáveis a uma ampla gama de indústrias. Ambos os módulos Nano e Micro incluem testes de arranhões, testes de dureza e modos de testes de desgaste, proporcionando a mais ampla e mais amigável gama de capacidades de testes mecânicos disponíveis em um único sistema.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt/stress-relaxation-measurement-usando-nanoindentacao/">Stress Relaxation Measurement using Nanoindentation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/pt">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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