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	<title>قياس الملامح | ملاحظات تطبيقية حول الهندسة والشكل - NANOVEA: أجهزة قياس الملامح المتقدمة، وأجهزة قياس الملامح، وأجهزة قياس التربومتر، وأجهزة اختبار النانو، وأجهزة اختبار الخدش لاختبار المواد</title>
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	<description>أدوات القياس لأبحاث المواد ومراقبة الجودة</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 18:32:14 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<title>قياس الملامح | ملاحظات تطبيقية حول الهندسة والشكل - NANOVEA: أجهزة قياس الملامح المتقدمة، وأجهزة قياس الملامح، وأجهزة قياس التربومتر، وأجهزة اختبار النانو، وأجهزة اختبار الخدش لاختبار المواد</title>
	<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/فئة/ملاحظات-طلب-التقديم/اختبار-قياس-الملفات-الشخصية/قياس-الملامح-الشكل-الهندسي/</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/ar/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 17:55:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26423</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Medical Device Tribology Nano-Friction and Wear Testing of Pacing Lead Insulation in Hanks’ Solution Tribological analysis of silicone and polyether-polyurethane endocardial lead materials Request Medical Device Wear Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction A pacemaker is a medical [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/">Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26423" class="elementor elementor-26423" data-elementor-post-type="post">
						<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f94c24a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f94c24a" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>Application Note | Medical Device Tribology</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5739088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5739088" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction and Wear Testing of Pacing Lead Insulation in Hanks’ Solution</h1>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d9609d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d9609d1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Tribological analysis of silicone and polyether-polyurethane endocardial lead materials</h2>				</div>
				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">Request Medical Device Wear Testing</span>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">Speak with an Application Engineer</span>
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															<img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-wear-testing-pacing-lead-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26449" alt="Medical illustration of a pacemaker with two endocardial pacing leads routed into the heart for pacing lead insulation wear testing context" />															</div>
				</div>
		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d51fec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="3d51fec" data-element_type="container">
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Research &amp; Experimental Testing</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">دوانجي لي ، دكتوراه</p>				</div>
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				</div>
		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9de2505 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="9de2505" data-element_type="container">
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Visual Design &amp; Editorial</p>				</div>
				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أندرو شور</p>				</div>
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		</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">A pacemaker is a medical device used to regulate heart rhythm and maintain an adequate heart rate. It is typically implanted in the chest or abdomen and sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle through endocardial pacing leads.</p>
As pacemakers remain a widely used treatment for cardiac rhythm disorders, the quality and service life of pacing leads are critical to long-term device performance. Lead failures can create serious risks for patients and may require surgical replacement, making <a href="https://nanovea.com/friction-wear-testing-lab-services/">pacing lead insulation wear testing</a> an important part of material evaluation for implantable cardiac devices.<sup>1–5</sup>								</div>
				</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1262" height="417" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/endocardial-pacing-leads-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26425" alt="Endocardial pacing leads with insulated lead bodies used in implantable cardiac devices" />															</div>
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									<p>Endocardial pacing leads transmit electrical impulses from a pacemaker to the heart while operating in a dynamic body-fluid environment.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4a4bbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4a4bbe0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Friction and Wear Matter for Endocardial Lead Insulation</h2>				</div>
				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The outer insulation material of an endocardial lead requires several key properties, including biological inertness, high flexibility, fracture toughness, and long service life. Low friction can reduce interaction between the lead and the blood vessel, helping minimize vessel irritation during implantation and movement.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance is also critical. Endocardial leads experience continuous movement from the heart and surrounding body structures, while operating in a body-fluid environment that can influence friction, wear, and material response.</p><p>Because of this complex environment, endocardial lead insulation should be evaluated using <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">controlled tribological methods</a> that simulate relevant contact conditions. Testing in Hanks’ solution allows the friction and wear behavior of lead insulation materials to be compared under a simulated body-fluid condition rather than relying only on dry testing.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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															<img decoding="async" width="1200" height="598" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-test-setup-pacing-lead-insulation.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26426" alt="Nano-friction test setup for measuring pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Nano-friction test setup used to evaluate endocardial pacing lead insulation materials under low-load contact conditions.</p>								</div>
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		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a309d9 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7a309d9" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هدف القياس</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">This study compares the nano-friction and wear behavior of endocardial pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution. Silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials were evaluated to determine how each material responds under simulated body-fluid conditions.</p><p>Low-load nano-friction testing was performed using the Nano Module of the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">NANOVEA الفاحص الميكانيكي</a> to measure coefficient of friction at controlled contact force. Reciprocating wear testing was then performed using a <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">NANOVEA Tribometer</a> to compare wear resistance under linear sliding contact.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-166e137 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="166e137" data-element_type="section">
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t50/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-t50-tribometer-free-weight.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25781" alt="NANOVEA T50 free weight tribometer for friction and wear testing" />								</a>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #1b96cf;">T50 المدمج</span> <br>
مقياس الاحتكاك الحر</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanoindenter-scratch-tester-platform-nanovea-pb1000.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25767" alt="منصة اختبار النانو والخدش NANOVEA PB1000 مع وحدات المسافة البادئة النانوية والمتناهية الصغر" />								</a>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 18pt; color: black;">نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: #1b96cf;">منصة كبيرة PB1000</span>
اختبار ميكانيكي</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6bb8a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f6bb8a6" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Principle</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction Measurement Principle</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Nano-friction testing measures the coefficient of friction (COF) between the test surface and a controlled counter material under very low applied load. In this study, the indenter made contact with the pacing lead insulation surface while the Nano Module maintained a constant load throughout the measurement.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The Nano Module uses a fast piezoelectric system and load cell to adjust the ball position and keep the applied load stable during sliding. The sample is moved at a controlled speed while lateral force is measured and plotted against displacement.</p><p>A stainless steel ball with a 6 mm diameter is commonly used for this type of measurement, although other counter materials, shapes, and sizes can be selected to simulate different contact conditions. This allows pacing lead insulation materials to be evaluated under controlled low-load friction conditions relevant to biomedical device applications.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="621" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nano-friction-measurement-principle-schematic.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26433" alt="Schematic of the nano-friction measurement principle showing a ball-tip indenter under controlled constant load, a capacitive depth sensor, non-destructive load, and reciprocating sample motion on a friction spring table" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Nano-friction measurement schematic showing controlled low-load sliding contact and lateral force measurement during reciprocating motion.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Reciprocating Wear Principle</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Reciprocating wear testing evaluates material response under repeated linear sliding contact. A flat or spherical counter material is loaded against the test sample with a precisely known force, while the sample moves back and forth in a controlled reciprocating motion.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The counter material, such as a pin or ball, is mounted on a stiff lever that functions as a low-friction force transducer. As the sample moves, frictional forces between the counter material and the sample are measured using a strain gauge sensor on the tribometer arm.</p><p>After the test, the resulting wear track can be examined to compare material damage, wear scar geometry, and surface response. This method allows friction and wear behavior to be studied under controlled conditions, including variations in time, contact pressure, sliding speed, temperature, humidity, and lubrication environment.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="557" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/reciprocating-wear-principle-schematic.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26434" alt="Schematic of the reciprocating wear principle showing adjustable weights, tribometer arm, pin or ball holder, strain gauge, sample stage, linear wear track, and linear reciprocating motion" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Linear reciprocating wear schematic showing a pin or ball counterface sliding across the sample to generate a wear track under controlled load.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">إجراء الاختبار</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The coefficient of friction (COF) of the pacing lead materials was measured against a stainless steel 440 ball with a 6 mm diameter. Testing was performed using the Nano Module of the Nanovea Mechanical Tester.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">The sample was immersed in Hanks’ solution to simulate a body-fluid environment. A low applied load of 50 mN was maintained throughout the test, while the ball slid against the lead surface at a constant speed of 20 mm/min over a total sliding distance of 10 mm.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance was evaluated using a Nanovea Tribometer with the Linear Reciprocating Wear Module. During the wear test, a stainless steel 303 block measuring 10 × 10 mm² was used as the counter material, and the coefficient of friction was recorded in situ at 0.1 s intervals.</p><p>After testing, the resulting wear tracks were examined under an optical microscope to compare surface damage on the silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials. Stainless steel was used as the counter material in this study; however, custom fixtures and alternative counter materials can be used to simulate specific application conditions.</p>								</div>
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<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Sample</td>
<td>Leads made of silicone or polyether-polyurethane (PP)</td>
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<td>Normal force</td>
<td>1 N</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>سرعة</td>
<td>200 cycles/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Duration of test</td>
<td>5 h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>بيئة</td>
<td>Hanks’ solution</td>
</tr>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Wear test parameters used to evaluate silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in Hanks’ solution.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">النتائج والمناقشة</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Nano-Friction Test</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">The nano-friction behavior of the silicone and polyether-polyurethane (PP) pacing lead materials was first evaluated using the Nano Module of the Nanovea Mechanical Tester. The coefficient of friction was measured in both dry conditions and Hanks’ solution to compare material response under ambient and simulated body-fluid environments.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Both materials showed significantly lower coefficient of friction in Hanks’ solution than under dry conditions. In Hanks’ solution, the silicone lead exhibited a COF of approximately 0.15, while the polyether-polyurethane lead exhibited a lower COF of approximately 0.05. Under dry conditions, the values were substantially higher, at approximately 0.6 for silicone and 0.5 for polyether-polyurethane.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">These results demonstrate the importance of testing pacing lead insulation materials under application-relevant environmental conditions. Hanks’ solution had a strong effect on the measured friction behavior, showing that dry testing alone may not represent the tribological response of lead insulation materials in a simulated body-fluid environment.</p><p>The low-load control of the Nano Module allowed the applied force to remain constant at 50 mN during the measurement. This enabled controlled simulation of low-contact-force interaction between the lead material and surrounding biological structures.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="817" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/pacing-lead-insulation-coefficient-of-friction-hanks-solution.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26435" alt="Graph comparing coefficient of friction of silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in dry conditions and Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Coefficient of friction comparison for silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in dry conditions and Hanks’ solution.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Wear Test</h3>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">Wear resistance was evaluated using a Nanovea Tribometer to compare the silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead materials in Hanks’ solution. After testing, the lead surfaces were examined visually and under optical microscopy to compare the extent of wear damage.</p>
<p class="isSelectedEnd">The silicone lead showed a large wear scar with a width of approximately 1.2 mm. Microscopic observation indicated severe wear on the silicone lead, with parallel deep grooves formed along the movement direction of the rubbing block.</p>
<p class="isSelectedEnd">In comparison, the polyether-polyurethane lead showed a narrower wear scar of approximately 0.6 mm. The observed wear was milder, with only several small scratches visible on the shallow surface.</p>
Wear of the lead outer insulation can contribute to pacing and sensing abnormalities, making wear resistance an important factor in endocardial lead material selection.<sup>6</sup> These results indicate that polyether-polyurethane provided lower friction and better wear resistance than silicone under the tested conditions.								</div>
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									<p>Before-and-after wear comparison of silicone and polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surfaces, including 400x microscope images showing more severe wear on silicone and milder wear on polyether-polyurethane.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="895" height="550" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-before-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26437" alt="Silicone pacing lead surface before wear testing in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Silicone pacing lead surface before reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="895" height="550" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-before-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26438" alt="Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface before wear testing in Hanks’ solution" />															</div>
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									<p>Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface before reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="884" height="562" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-after-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26439" alt="Silicone pacing lead surface after wear testing showing a large wear scar" />															</div>
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									<p>Silicone pacing lead surface after wear testing, showing a pronounced wear scar.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="884" height="562" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-after-wear.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26440" alt="Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface after wear testing showing a smaller wear scar" />															</div>
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									<p>Polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface after reciprocating wear testing.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="874" height="649" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/silicone-pacing-lead-after-wear-400x.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26441" alt="Microscope image at 400x magnification showing severe wear grooves on silicone pacing lead surface" />															</div>
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									<p>400x microscope image of the silicone pacing lead after wear testing, showing deep parallel wear grooves.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="874" height="649" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/polyether-polyurethane-pacing-lead-after-wear-400x.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26442" alt="Microscope image at 400x magnification showing mild wear on polyether-polyurethane pacing lead surface" />															</div>
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									<p>400x microscope image of the polyether-polyurethane pacing lead after wear testing, showing comparatively mild surface wear.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="isSelectedEnd">This study demonstrated the use of low-load nano-friction testing and reciprocating wear testing to evaluate endocardial pacing lead insulation materials in Hanks’ solution. The Nano Module of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester measured coefficient of friction under controlled low-load contact, while the NANOVEA Tribometer simulated wear behavior under reciprocating sliding motion.</p><p class="isSelectedEnd">Testing in Hanks’ solution showed a clear difference between silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead materials. Polyether-polyurethane exhibited lower coefficient of friction and better wear resistance than silicone under the tested conditions, making it the stronger candidate for the outer insulation material of endocardial pacing leads in this study.</p><p>These results highlight the importance of evaluating biomedical materials under application-relevant environments rather than relying only on dry testing. Controlled nano-friction and tribology testing can help compare candidate materials, quantify friction response, and evaluate wear resistance for implantable medical device components.</p><p>The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester&#8217;s Nano, Micro, and Macro modules operate within a single ISO and ASTM compliant platform, enabling consistent evaluation of hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and wear from a single system. The NANOVEA Tribometer similarly supports rotative and linear wear modes with optional high-temperature, corrosion, and liquid environment modules.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cee3530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cee3530" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مراجع</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Magney JE, Flynn DM, Parsons JA, Staplin DH, Chin-Purcell MV, Milstein S, Hunter DW. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993; 16:445–457.</em><br /><em>[2] Jacobs DM, Fink AS, Miller RP, Anderson WR, McVenes RD, Lessar JF, Cobian KE, et al. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1993; 16:434–444.<br />[3] Gupta K, Villareal RP, Rasekh A, Massumi A. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003; 30:84–85.<br />[4] Magney JE, Parsons JA, Flynn DM, Hunter DW. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1995; 18:1509–1517.<br />[5] Kazama S, Nishiyama K, Machii M, Tanaka K, Amano T, Nomura T, Ohuchi M, et al. Jpn Heart J. 1993; 34:193–200.<br />[6] Andrzej K, Barbara M, Agnieszka K, Marcin G. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013; 36(12):1503–1511.<br /></em></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a2dee8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you evaluate friction and wear behavior of pacing lead insulation?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Pacing lead insulation can be evaluated using low-load friction testing and reciprocating wear testing. These methods measure coefficient of friction, wear scar formation, and surface damage under controlled load, motion, and environmental conditions.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is low-load friction testing important for endocardial leads?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Endocardial leads operate under relatively low contact forces while interacting with blood vessels, tissue, and surrounding structures. Low-load friction testing helps evaluate how insulation materials behave under contact conditions that are closer to the application than high-force mechanical testing alone.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction indicate in pacing lead material testing?</h3>				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e60fcb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e60fcb6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coefficient of friction indicates how much resistance occurs during sliding contact between the lead insulation and a counter material. In this study, lower COF values in Hanks’ solution showed that the test environment had a strong effect on the measured friction behavior of silicone and polyether-polyurethane materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why compare silicone and polyether-polyurethane lead insulation materials?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Silicone and polyether-polyurethane are commonly considered for flexible biomedical insulation applications because they can provide different combinations of flexibility, durability, and surface response. Comparing them under the same test conditions helps identify which material provides lower friction and better wear resistance for the intended application.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Which NANOVEA instruments are used for low-load friction and wear testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Low-load coefficient of friction can be measured using the Nano Module of a NANOVEA Mechanical Tester, while reciprocating wear behavior can be evaluated using a NANOVEA Tribometer. Together, these systems allow controlled evaluation of friction, wear, and material response for biomedical components.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How is reciprocating wear testing used for pacing lead materials?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Reciprocating wear testing repeatedly slides a counter material across the sample surface under controlled load to create and evaluate a wear track. For pacing lead insulation materials, this allows comparison of wear scar width, surface damage, and material durability under simulated sliding contact.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Medical Device Friction and Wear Testing?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/pacing-lead-insulation-wear-testing/">Pacing Lead Insulation Wear Testing in Hanks’ Solution</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 20:27:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26347</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; 3D Optical Profilometry Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis Using 3D Optical Profilometry Measuring Texture, Porosity, and Topography on Bouldering Holds Request Surface Roughness Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Walter Alabiso, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Bouldering is a demanding discipline that combines physical strength, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/">Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26347" class="elementor elementor-26347" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | 3D Optical Profilometry</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis Using 3D Optical Profilometry</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measuring Texture, Porosity, and Topography on Bouldering Holds</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1400" height="420" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis-using-3d-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26350" alt="Bouldering holds analyzed for climbing hold surface roughness using 3D optical profilometry." />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Bouldering is a demanding discipline that combines physical strength, precise body positioning, and an understanding of how the human body interacts with climbing surfaces. On slab routes, where the wall is angled below vertical and positive holds are limited or absent, a climber&#8217;s stability depends almost entirely on the tribological interaction between the body and the climbing hold surface.</p><p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Climbing hold surface roughness plays a central role in this contact. Roughness provides the microtexture needed for smearing, a technique where high-friction rubber soles are pressed firmly against the surface to expand the effective contact area and generate adherence. A similar mechanism occurs at the fingers, where the ridges of fingerprints and the pliability of skin deform slightly against the hold&#8217;s surface features, creating grip through microscopic interlocking.</p><p class="font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]">Porosity contributes to grip performance by absorbing moisture, sweat, or chalk at the contact interface, preventing the formation of a thin lubricating film that would reduce friction. Micro-cracks and surface flaws act as additional friction points, helping the climber maintain lateral tension against the hold surface. Because these features (roughness, porosity, and surface morphology) operate at different scales and interact differently depending on the hold, quantitative <a class="underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current" href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">3D surface measurement</a> is essential for comparing how different climbing hold textures perform under real contact conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="857" height="268" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/climbing-hold-samples-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26354" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Bouldering grips used to compare surface roughness, pore morphology, and grip-related topography.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why Use Non-Contact Profilometry for Climbing Hold Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Climbing holds and rock-like surfaces can include deep pores, steep asperities, sharp valleys, and irregular texture. These features are difficult to measure accurately with contact-based profilometry because a physical stylus can lose contact, deform local surface features, or fail to reach narrow cavities.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">NANOVEA’s non-contact optical profilometry uses chromatic light technology to capture surface height data without touching the sample. This makes it suitable for reconstructing complex climbing hold topography, including deep nooks, pores, and surface flaws, while avoiding measurement artifacts caused by local plastic deformation.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">In this study, the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profiler</a> was used to measure two bouldering grips: a yellow block with a smoother, flatter surface and a green block with a rougher tactile texture. Both samples were scanned using a PS4-MG35 single-point optical sensor with a 3000 µm Z-range and a 4 µm acquisition step in X and Y.</p><p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Dual-frequency acquisition was used to reduce light sensor saturation from localized bright spots on the grip surfaces, allowing the profiler to capture roughness and pore morphology across the scanned areas.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هدف القياس</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The objective of this study was to demonstrate how non-contact 3D optical profilometry can be used to reconstruct and compare the surface roughness, topography, and pore morphology of climbing holds.</p><p>Two bouldering grip samples were analyzed: a yellow hold with a smoother, flatter surface and a blue hold with a rougher tactile texture and sharper grip features. The analysis focused on surface height variation, areal roughness parameters, pore coverage, pore size, pore depth, and functional surface behavior.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="817" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/jr25-optical-profilometer-climbing-hold-surface-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26365" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>The NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profilometer measuring the climbing hold samples using an optical sensor.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p>The NANOVEA JR25 Optical Profiler was used to measure the yellow and blue bouldering grip samples. Each surface was scanned with a PS4-MG35 single-point optical sensor with an enhanced 3000 µm Z-range, allowing the system to capture deep pores, sharp valleys, and irregular surface texture while maintaining a 4 µm acquisition step in X and Y.</p><p>Dual-frequency acquisition was used to reduce light sensor saturation from localized bright spots on the grip surfaces, improving data capture across rough, porous, and uneven areas.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span></p><p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">الملف الشخصي البصري</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-jr25-portable-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25699" alt="NANOVEA JR25 portable optical profilometer for non-contact surface measurement" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">معلمات الاختبار</h2>				</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
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<th>Measurement Setting</th>
<th>Optical Profilometry Setup</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td>Samples measured</td>
<td>Yellow and blue bouldering grip samples</td>
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<tr>
<td>Optical pen</td>
<td>PS4-MG35</td>
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<td>Z-range</td>
<td>3000 µm</td>
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<td>Scan area</td>
<td>5.00 mm × 5.00 mm</td>
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<td>X-step size</td>
<td>4.00 µm</td>
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<td>Y-step size</td>
<td>4.00 µm</td>
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<td>Averaging</td>
<td>1</td>
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<tr>
<td>Measurement type</td>
<td>Direct</td>
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<td>Acquisition mode</td>
<td>Dual frequency</td>
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<td>Acquisition rate</td>
<td>100–400 Hz</td>
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<tr>
<td>Light intensity</td>
<td>100%</td>
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</tbody>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">Optical profilometry test conditions used to measure the bouldering grip samples.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Yellow Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The 3D rendering below shows the reconstructed surface topography of the yellow climbing grip sample.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="736" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-3d-surface-topography-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26375" alt="3D optical profilometry reconstruction of the yellow climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and surface height variation." />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A total least-squares plane was removed to study surface properties. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm was applied following ISO 25178 (1/2 cut-off removed at each side). However, the sharp density of pores and asperities and the elevated average roughness make the use of a Gaussian L-filter (8 mm cut off) inapplicable. Therefore, the primary surface was considered, and the roughness parameters are listed in the table below, alongside the 2D false-color map of the filtered surface.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb7f23e elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="eb7f23e" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="724" height="570" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-surface-roughness-map-iso-25178.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26376" alt="False-color optical profilometry surface roughness map of the yellow climbing grip sample with ISO 25178 height parameters." />															</div>
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<tbody><!-- Filter Settings -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">ISO 25178-2 – Primary Surface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm, 1/2 cut-off</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>F-operation:</strong> [Workflow] Leveled (TLSPL)</td>
</tr>
<!-- Height Parameters Header -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td>
</tr>
<!-- Height Parameter Rows -->
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سكوير</td>
<td>168.970</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>ارتفاع الجذر التربيعي</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">SSK</td>
<td>-0.927</td>
<td></td>
<td>انحراف</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">SKU</td>
<td>4.117</td>
<td></td>
<td>التفرطح</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sp</td>
<td>320.530</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>أقصى ارتفاع ذروة</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سيفيرت</td>
<td>868.116</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Maximum pit depth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">س</td>
<td>1188.645</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>أقصى ارتفاع</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سا</td>
<td>132.953</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>حسابي يعني الارتفاع</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p>The average surface roughness <em>سا</em> is 132.953 µm, whereas the peak-to-valley roughness, <em>س</em> amounts to 1188.645 µm. The surface morphology is skewed towards deep valleys (<em>SSK</em> &lt; 0, <em>سيفيرت</em> &gt; <em>Sp</em>), with a leptokurtotic (<em>SKU</em> &gt; 3) distribution of peaks and valleys relative to the average plane.</p><p>The following picture shows a 2D photo-simulation of the area under artificial lighting, highlighting the region’s morphology.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="692" height="692" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-2d-photo-simulation-surface-morphology-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26378" alt="2D photo simulation of the yellow climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and morphology under artificial lighting." />															</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pore Morphology Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A pore analysis was performed across the full scanned area using a semi-automated edge-detection algorithm. The analysis identified recessed surface features to quantify pore coverage, pore density, radius, void volume, and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="746" height="538" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-pore-detection-settings.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26379" alt="Pore detection analysis of the yellow climbing grip surface using semi-automated edge detection to identify recessed surface features." />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The detected pore locations were then mapped across the scanned 5 mm × 5 mm area to evaluate pore coverage, density, and size distribution.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="981" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-pore-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26380" alt="Pore distribution map of the yellow climbing grip sample showing detected recessed surface features across a 5 mm by 5 mm scanned area." />															</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table pore-info-table"><tbody><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="2">Information</td></tr><tr><td>Method</td><td>Circle detection</td></tr><tr><td>Features detected</td><td>Pores, recessed objects</td></tr><tr><td>Minimum detection diameter</td><td>0.150 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Maximum detection diameter</td><td>2.000 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Number of detected pores</td><td>206</td></tr><tr><td>Surface coverage</td><td>47.395%</td></tr><tr><td>Pore density</td><td>8.203 particles/mm²</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="measurement-table pore-statistics-table" style="width: 114%;"><tbody><tr class="section-header"><td style="width: 131.537%;" colspan="6">Global Statistics</td></tr><tr><th style="width: 58.8822%;">Parameter</th><th style="width: 1.99601%;">Unit</th><th style="width: 20.9581%;">Mean</th><th style="width: 20.9581%;">Std. Dev.</th><th style="width: 16.3673%;">Min</th><th style="width: 12.3752%;">Max</th></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">نصف القطر</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">مم</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.127</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.049</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">0.076</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">0.275</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">Void volume</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm³</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">4,724,770.705</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">6,748,143.925</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">23,594.172</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">4.422 × 10⁷</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 58.8822%;">Maximum depth</td><td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">173.729</td><td style="width: 20.9581%;">94.942</td><td style="width: 16.3673%;">28.153</td><td style="width: 12.3752%;">716.480</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70adb50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="70adb50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>Pores covered nearly half of the yellow grip’s scanned surface, with a measured coverage of 47.395% and a pore density of 8.203 particles/mm². The detected pores and cracks were highly heterogeneous in size, volume, and depth, ranging from large crater-like features with a maximum radius of 0.275 mm and void volume above 4.4 × 10⁷ µm³ to smaller pores with a minimum radius of 0.076 mm and void volume of 23,594.172 µm³. This uneven pore distribution is reflected in the large standard deviation measured for void volume and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-822ef9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="822ef9e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Functional Surface Parameters (Abbott-Firestone curve)</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-389b11b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="389b11b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The Abbott-Firestone curve shows the cumulative areal material distribution of the yellow climbing grip sample. This analysis defines functional surface parameters including Sk, Spk, and Svk according to ISO 25178-2.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9a2ccd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="9a2ccd8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="718" height="631" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-abbott-firestone-curve.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26382" alt="Abbott-Firestone curve for the yellow climbing grip sample showing cumulative areal material distribution and functional surface parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e47c226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e47c226" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table">
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="3">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>معيار</td>
<td colspan="2">ISO 25178-2</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameter</td>
<td>Value</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Sk</td>
<td>409.738</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Spk</td>
<td>45.480</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>سفك</td>
<td>233.446</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Smrk1</td>
<td>3.976</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Smrk2</td>
<td>85.005</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5db46d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5db46d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The chart below shows the peak-valley distribution from the mean plane based on the functional parameters derived from the Abbott-Firestone curve. Valleys are shown in purple, the mean plane in green, and peaks in orange.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-77b55b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="77b55b9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="741" height="604" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/yellow-grip-peak-valley-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26383" alt="Peak-valley distribution map of the yellow climbing grip sample showing valleys, mean plane regions, and peaks derived from Abbott-Firestone functional parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-551f337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="551f337" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table functional-distribution-table" style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width:42%;">
<col style="width:10%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="5">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>1st threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c1: 229.209 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>2nd threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c2: -180.424 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameters</td>
<td>Unit</td>
<td style="background-color:#7e01ff; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#b3ffb4; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#ff9e02; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>14.995</td>
<td>81.029</td>
<td>3.976</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area</td>
<td>mm²</td>
<td>3.772</td>
<td>20.381</td>
<td>1.000</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>97.451</td>
<td>48.100</td>
<td>0.973</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material</td>
<td>µm³</td>
<td>1.684 × 10¹⁰</td>
<td>4.956 × 10⁹</td>
<td>2.275 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe91421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="fe91421" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The yellow grip sample shows a dominant mean-plane region with scattered recessed pores and a smaller population of raised peaks. This indicates a surface texture characterized mainly by average-sized pores distributed across the scanned area.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6abce6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6abce6c" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-630de9a" data-id="630de9a" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-571dd6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="571dd6b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Blue Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c546dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c546dbd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b74a93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8b74a93" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The 3D rendering below shows the reconstructed surface topography of the blue climbing grip sample.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-239beeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="239beeb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="736" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-3d-surface-topography-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26384" alt="3D optical profilometry reconstruction of the blue climbing grip surface showing roughness, pores, asperities, and surface height variation." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-43cd059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="43cd059" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A total least-squares plane was removed to evaluate the blue grip’s surface properties. An S-Gaussian 2.5 µm roughness filter was applied following ISO 25178, with 1/2 cut-off removed at each side.</p><p data-start="548" data-end="837">Because of the dense pores, asperities, and elevated average roughness, a Gaussian L-filter with an 8 mm cut-off was not applied. The primary surface was used for roughness analysis, with the roughness parameters listed alongside the 2D false-color map of the filtered surface.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-88688d5 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="88688d5" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-78cf89b" data-id="78cf89b" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-210e196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="210e196" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="716" height="548" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-surface-roughness-map-iso-25178.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26385" alt="False-color optical profilometry surface roughness map of the blue climbing grip sample with ISO 25178 height parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f1e5606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f1e5606" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper">
<table class="iso-roughness-table">
<tbody><!-- Filter Settings -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">ISO 25178-2 – Primary Surface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm, 1/2 cut-off</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"><strong>F-operation:</strong> [Workflow] Leveled (TLSPL)</td>
</tr>

<!-- Height Parameters Header -->
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td>
</tr>

<!-- Height Parameter Rows -->
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سكوير</td>
<td>211.440</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>ارتفاع الجذر التربيعي</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">SSK</td>
<td>-0.682</td>
<td></td>
<td>انحراف</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">SKU</td>
<td>3.672</td>
<td></td>
<td>التفرطح</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">Sp</td>
<td>522.404</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>أقصى ارتفاع ذروة</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سيفيرت</td>
<td>720.164</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>Maximum pit depth</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">س</td>
<td>1242.568</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>أقصى ارتفاع</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="param-code">سا</td>
<td>166.719</td>
<td>µm</td>
<td>حسابي يعني الارتفاع</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-407a4b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="407a4b6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>The blue grip sample had an average surface roughness, Sa, of 166.719 µm and a peak-to-valley roughness, Sz, of 1242.568 µm. The negative skewness value, Ssk <span class="ͼz">&amp;lt;</span> 0, indicates that the surface morphology is skewed toward deep valleys, while Sv <span class="ͼz">&amp;gt;</span> Sp shows that the maximum pit depth exceeded the maximum peak height.</p><p>The kurtosis value, Sku <span class="ͼz">&amp;gt;</span> 3, indicates a leptokurtotic height distribution, meaning the blue grip surface contains sharper or more extreme peaks and valleys relative to the average plane.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-38d40ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="38d40ca" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>The 2D photo simulation below highlights the blue climbing grip’s surface morphology under artificial lighting.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f8cdb9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="f8cdb9b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="692" height="692" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-2d-photo-simulation-surface-morphology.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26386" alt="2D photo simulation of the blue climbing grip surface showing pores, roughness, and morphology under artificial lighting." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c7e2f9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c7e2f9e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Pore Morphology Analysis</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-94c30f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="94c30f7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A pore analysis was performed across the full scanned area using a semi-automated edge-detection algorithm. The analysis identified recessed surface features to quantify pore coverage, pore density, radius, void volume, and maximum depth.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-66fadb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="66fadb4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="746" height="538" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-pore-detection-settings.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26387" alt="Pore detection analysis of the blue climbing grip surface using semi-automated edge detection to identify recessed surface features." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b7176fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b7176fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The detected pore locations were mapped across the scanned 5 mm × 5 mm area to evaluate pore coverage, density, and size distribution.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dc2114f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="dc2114f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="970" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-pore-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26388" alt="Pore distribution map of the blue climbing grip sample showing detected recessed surface features across a 5 mm by 5 mm scanned area." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c209fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c209fcb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table pore-info-table">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="2">Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Method</td>
<td>Circle detection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Features detected</td>
<td>Pores, recessed objects</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Minimum detection diameter</td>
<td>0.040 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Maximum detection diameter</td>
<td>2.000 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Number of detected pores</td>
<td>794</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Surface coverage</td>
<td>24.208%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pore density</td>
<td>31.355 particles/mm²</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<table class="measurement-table pore-statistics-table" style="width: 114%;">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td style="width: 131.537%;" colspan="6">Global Statistics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th style="width: 58.8822%;">Parameter</th>
<th style="width: 1.99601%;">Unit</th>
<th style="width: 20.9581%;">Mean</th>
<th style="width: 20.9581%;">Std. Dev.</th>
<th style="width: 16.3673%;">Min</th>
<th style="width: 12.3752%;">Max</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">نصف القطر</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">مم</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.035</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">0.035</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">0.020</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">0.218</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">Void volume</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm³</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">821,872.849</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">2,495,310.021</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">11,009.819</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">2.929 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 58.8822%;">Maximum depth</td>
<td style="width: 1.99601%;">µm</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">476.053</td>
<td style="width: 20.9581%;">305.830</td>
<td style="width: 16.3673%;">16.132</td>
<td style="width: 12.3752%;">1044.045</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c700b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c700b93" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>Pores covered 24.208% of the blue grip’s scanned surface, with a pore density of 31.355 particles/mm². The detected pores and cracks were highly heterogeneous in size, volume, and depth, ranging from large crater-like features with a maximum radius of 0.218 mm and void volume greater than 2.9 × 10⁷ µm³ to small pores with a minimum radius of 0.020 mm and void volume of approximately 1.1 × 10⁴ µm³.</p><p>This uneven distribution is reflected in the large standard deviation measured for void volume and maximum depth. The pore distribution is bimodal, with one population of fine, deep pores and another population of larger crater-like valleys.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0883edf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0883edf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Functional Surface Parameters (Abbott-Firestone curve)</h4>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aaf1bcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="aaf1bcc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The Abbott-Firestone curve shows the cumulative areal material distribution of the blue climbing grip sample. This analysis defines functional surface parameters including Sk, Spk, and Svk according to ISO 25178-2.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c84d965 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c84d965" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="714" height="630" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-abbott-firestone-curve.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26392" alt="Abbott-Firestone curve for the blue climbing grip sample showing cumulative areal material distribution and functional surface parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3dacae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="3dacae3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table">
<tbody>
<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="3">Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>معيار</td>
<td colspan="2">ISO 25178-2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameter</td>
<td>Value</td>
<td>Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sk</td>
<td>522.359</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Spk</td>
<td>117.670</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>سفك</td>
<td>295.209</td>
<td>µm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Smrk1</td>
<td>6.122</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Smrk2</td>
<td>87.456</td>
<td>%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1fe251a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1fe251a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The chart below shows the peak-valley distribution from the mean plane based on the functional parameters derived from the Abbott-Firestone curve. Valleys are shown in purple, the mean plane in green, and peaks in orange.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af3217e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="af3217e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="741" height="604" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/blue-grip-peak-valley-distribution-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26399" alt="Peak-valley distribution map of the blue climbing grip sample showing valleys, mean-plane regions, and peaks derived from Abbott-Firestone functional parameters." />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f355923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f355923" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper">
<table class="measurement-table functional-distribution-table" style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width:42%;">
<col style="width:10%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
<col style="width:16%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>

<tr class="section-header">
<td colspan="5">Information</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>1st threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c1: 283.646 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>2nd threshold</td>
<td colspan="4">Height &#8211; c2: -238.619 µm</td>
</tr>

<tr class="section-header">
<td>Parameters</td>
<td>Unit</td>
<td style="background-color:#7e01ff; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#b3ffb4; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
<td style="background-color:#ff9e02; color:#000000; text-align:center;"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>12.544</td>
<td>81.334</td>
<td>6.122</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Projected area</td>
<td>mm²</td>
<td>3.182</td>
<td>20.629</td>
<td>1.553</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material (in %)</td>
<td>%</td>
<td>96.079</td>
<td>48.546</td>
<td>1.514</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Volume of material</td>
<td>µm³</td>
<td>1.151 × 10¹⁰</td>
<td>6.431 × 10⁹</td>
<td>9.142 × 10⁷</td>
</tr>

</tbody>
</table>
</div>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c2d21ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c2d21ef" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The blue grip sample shows a dominant mean-plane region with fine, deep pores distributed across the surface and localized peak features. Compared with the yellow grip, the blue grip contains a higher projected peak area and a bimodal pore structure, combining fine recessed pores with larger crater-like valleys.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness, topography, and pore morphology of yellow and blue bouldering grip samples.</p><p>Topographic analysis showed that both grip samples had high surface roughness, with Sa values above 100 µm and Sz values above 1000 µm. Both surfaces also showed an asymmetric height distribution skewed toward valleys, indicating that recessed features played a major role in the measured surface morphology.</p><p>The yellow grip sample showed higher pore coverage, with pores covering 47.395% of the scanned surface. Its surface was mainly characterized by average-sized pores distributed across the measured area.</p><p>The blue grip sample showed lower pore coverage at 24.208%, but a much higher pore density of 31.355 particles/mm². Its pore distribution was bimodal, with a population of fine, deep pores and a separate population of larger crater-like valleys.</p><p>These results show how non-contact 3D optical profilometry can quantify climbing hold surface features that are difficult to evaluate from visual inspection alone, including roughness, pore coverage, pore depth, surface height distribution, and functional topography. The blue grip&#8217;s higher porosity and bimodal pore structure make it more likely to absorb moisture and chalk at the contact interface, while its elevated roughness and surface morphology support stable friction for shoe rubber and finger contact. The yellow grip&#8217;s lower roughness and flatter profile suggest it is better suited for use as a foothold in slab climbing, where broad surface contact matters more than deep textural engagement.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a2dee8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Climbing Hold Surface Roughness</h2>				</div>
				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is climbing hold surface roughness?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Climbing hold surface roughness describes the height variation, texture, pores, asperities, and valleys present on the surface of a climbing grip. These features can influence contact behavior between the hold, shoe rubber, skin, chalk, and moisture.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="cbcfaa4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can climbing hold surface roughness be measured?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Climbing hold surface roughness can be measured using non-contact 3D optical profilometry. This method reconstructs the surface topography and calculates areal roughness parameters such as Sa, Sz, Sp, Sv, Ssk, and Sku without touching or deforming the sample.</p>								</div>
				</div>
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				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use non-contact optical profilometry for climbing hold analysis?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e60fcb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e60fcb6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Non-contact optical profilometry is useful for climbing hold analysis because climbing grips can contain deep pores, sharp valleys, rough asperities, and irregular surface texture. A contact stylus may lose contact, fail to reach recessed features, or introduce artifacts on complex surfaces.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2ae518f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2ae518f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does Sa mean in surface roughness analysis?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d77659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1d77659" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Sa is the arithmetic mean height of a surface and is commonly used to describe average areal surface roughness. In this app note, both climbing grip samples showed high Sa values above 100 µm, indicating strongly textured surfaces.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3d372dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does Sz mean in optical profilometry results?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b1dd455" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Sz is the maximum height of the measured surface, calculated from the highest peak to the deepest valley. In climbing hold surface roughness analysis, Sz helps describe the full vertical range of the grip’s surface texture.</p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5cbc604" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is pore morphology important for climbing grips?</h3>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-82a2d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="82a2d66" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Pore morphology can affect how a climbing grip interacts with chalk, sweat, humidity, skin, and shoe rubber. Measuring pore coverage, density, depth, and volume helps quantify surface features that are difficult to evaluate by visual inspection alone.</p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/climbing-hold-surface-roughness-analysis/">Climbing Hold Surface Roughness Analysis</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:57:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26271</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Stent Coating Adhesion Testing Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents Request Coating Adhesion Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &#38; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &#38; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Blood is carried through arteries from [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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									<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</p>								</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Visual Design &amp; Editorial</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أندرو شور</p>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">Blood is carried through arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Any weakening or blockage of these vessels can pose significant health risks and may become life-threatening. A stent is a small mesh tube inserted into the lumen of a blood vessel to treat narrowed or weakened arteries. Stent implantation is now a widely used procedure to support the arterial wall and restore blood flowᶦ.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="320" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/medical-stent-mesh-structure-metal-stent-geometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26304" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Metal stent mesh geometry illustrating the structural complexity of vascular implant design.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why coating adhesion matters in drug-eluting stents</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="786" data-end="1054">Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in stent technology. They incorporate a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer coating that enables controlled drug release at the arterial site, helping to inhibit intimal thickening and reduce the risk of restenosisᶦᶦ.</p><p data-start="1056" data-end="1284">A critical concern in these systems is the delamination of the polymer coating from the metallic stent substrate. This coating carries the drug-eluting layer, and its adhesion directly impacts device performance and reliability.</p><p data-start="1286" data-end="1537">To improve coating adhesion, stents are often designed with complex geometries. In this study, the polymer coating is located at the bottom of grooves within the stent mesh. This configuration presents a significant challenge for adhesion measurement.</p><p data-start="1539" data-end="1795">A reliable method is required to quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength between the polymer coating and the metal substrate. The small diameter of the stent mesh, comparable to a human hair, combined with its three-dimensional geometry, requires:</p><ul data-start="1796" data-end="1916"><li data-section-id="1n0qc6y" data-start="1796" data-end="1834">ultrafine X-Y positioning accuracy</li><li data-section-id="1003zy" data-start="1835" data-end="1870">precise control of applied load</li><li data-section-id="q3r43w" data-start="1871" data-end="1916">accurate depth measurement during testing</li></ul>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> اعرف المزيد عن <a href="https://nanovea.com/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services/">nanoindentation and scratch testing lab services for coating adhesion and failure analysis</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="6911f48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="267" data-end="454">Nano scratch testing is performed using the <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">جهاز اختبار ميكانيكي NANOVEA PB1000</a>, in Nano Scratch Mode, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal mesh of stent samples.</p><p data-start="460" data-end="648">Controlled scratch measurements are carried out on stent geometries with dimensions comparable to a human hair, enabling precise evaluation of coating adhesion on complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d556682 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d556682" data-element_type="section">
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">PB1000 Advanced</span></p><p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">اختبار ميكانيكي</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/pb1000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanoindenter-scratch-tester-platform-nanovea-pb1000.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25767" alt="منصة اختبار النانو والخدش NANOVEA PB1000 مع وحدات المسافة البادئة النانوية والمتناهية الصغر" />								</a>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6bb8a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f6bb8a6" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">شروط الاختبار</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The stent is fixed on the sample stage, with a support wire inserted inside the stent tube to ensure stability during nano scratch testing. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester is used to perform nano scratch measurements using the parameters summarized in Table 1, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Load type</td><td>تدريجي</td></tr><tr><td>Initial load</td><td>0.05 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Final load</td><td>300 and 100 mN</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding speed</td><td>0.5 mm/min</td></tr><tr><td>Sliding distance</td><td>0.5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter geometry</td><td>مخروطي</td></tr><tr><td>Indenter material (tip)</td><td>الماس</td></tr><tr><td>نصف قطر طرف إندينتر</td><td>20 µm</td></tr><tr><td>درجة حرارة</td><td>24°C (room)</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الجدول 1: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on regular stent samples</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1073" data-end="1296">The SEM image in Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of the stent sample. The stent features a groove with a depth of approximately 30 µm. The polymer coating, with a thickness of 10.8 µm, is located at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="1298" data-end="1497">Standard 60° conical diamond tips are not sharp enough to reach the bottom of the groove without contacting the sidewalls. Therefore, a sharper 40° conical diamond tip is used in this study (Fig. 2).</p><p data-start="1499" data-end="1582">Nano scratch measurements are performed using the parameters summarized in Table 2.</p>								</div>
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<table class="measurement-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Parameter</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Load type</td>
<td>تدريجي</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Initial load</td>
<td>0.1 mN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Final load</td>
<td>300 mN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>معدل التحميل</td>
<td>300 mN/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch length</td>
<td>0.25 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scratch speed</td>
<td>0.25 mm/min</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter geometry</td>
<td>40° cone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Indenter material (tip)</td>
<td>الماس</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>نصف قطر طرف إندينتر</td>
<td>5 µm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Table 2: </span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on grooved stent samples</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="932" height="1042" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-cross-section-sem-adhesion-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26288" alt="stent groove cross section polymer coating thickness adhesion analysis nano scratch testing" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 1: </span>SEM cross-section of a grooved stent showing polymer coating located at the bottom of the groove, highlighting the challenge of coating adhesion measurement in recessed geometries.</p>								</div>
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															<img decoding="async" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-diamond-tip-40-degree-stent-groove-testing.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26289" alt="nano scratch diamond tip 40 degree stent groove coating adhesion testing schematic" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 2: </span>Schematic of a 40° conical diamond tip designed for nano scratch testing inside stent grooves, enabling accurate adhesion measurement without sidewall interference.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">النتائج والمناقشة</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 100 μm, comparable to a human hair. Precise positioning is therefore critical to ensure the scratch test is performed at the center of the stent mesh. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester provides X–Y positioning accuracy down to 0.25 μm, enabling accurate test placement under the integrated optical microscope.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">1. Regular Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="641" data-end="857">Nano scratch testing is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch track on the stent is shown in Fig. 3a, while failure behavior at different stages is presented in Fig. 3b and 3c.</p><p data-start="859" data-end="893">Two critical loads are identified:</p><ul data-start="894" data-end="1061"><li data-section-id="14iz9qw" data-start="894" data-end="972">Lc1: the load at which the first visible damage appears on the coating</li><li data-section-id="1mmzt6b" data-start="973" data-end="1061">Lc2: the load at which the coating is fully removed and the substrate is exposed</li></ul><p data-start="1063" data-end="1226">The evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth is shown in Fig. 4, providing insight into the progression of coating failure during the test.</p><p data-start="1228" data-end="1499">The first signs of coating damage appear at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN. As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a wider and deeper scratch track. During this phase, the COF increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.7.</p><p data-start="1501" data-end="1756">At Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN, the coating is fully delaminated from the metal substrate. Beyond this point, as the load continues to increase, both COF and penetration depth remain relatively stable due to the mechanical support of the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3399 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="23d3399" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="404" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-nano-scratch-track-full-progressive-load.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26293" alt="nano scratch track stent coating progressive load adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Full Scratch Track</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-initial-failure-lc1-nano-scratch-14-5mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26294" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) <strong data-start="599" data-end="616">Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="897" height="670" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-delamination-lc2-nano-scratch-78-1mn.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26295" alt="stent coating delamination lc2 nano scratch 78.1 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) <strong data-start="625" data-end="642">Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN</strong></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 3: </span>Nano scratch track on a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing (a) full scratch path, (b) initial coating failure at Lc1 ≈ 14.5 mN, and (c) complete coating delamination at Lc2 ≈ 78.1 mN.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9cfe8c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c9cfe8c" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1751" height="725" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-stent-coating-failure-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26296" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating coefficient of friction depth progression adhesion failure" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 4: </span>Evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth during nano scratch testing of a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing the progression of coating failure and transition to substrate support.</p>								</div>
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									<p data-start="246" data-end="537">Failures during nano scratch testing up to a maximum load of 300 mN occur at critical loads below 100 mN. To enable a more quantitative comparison of coating performance, additional tests are performed with a maximum load of 100 mN on two stent samples, referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2.</p><p data-start="539" data-end="794">Fig. 5 compares the scratch tracks of Sample 1 and Sample 2 after nano scratch testing. Sample 1 exhibits the first sign of coating damage at a critical load of Lc1 ≈ 13.2 mN, while Sample 2 shows initial failure at a higher load of Lc1 ≈ 21.1 mN.</p><p data-start="796" data-end="1002">Coating delamination occurs at 62.5 mN for Sample 1. In contrast, the coating on Sample 2 remains intact throughout the test, continuing to protect the metal substrate under the same loading conditions.</p><p data-start="1004" data-end="1350">This behavior is further reflected in the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth, as shown in Fig. 6. When the diamond tip penetrates through the coating and contacts the metal substrate in Sample 1, the COF reaches a peak while the penetration depth decreases due to the increased stiffness of the underlying substrate.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample1-early-failure-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26297" alt="stent coating sample 1 early failure nano scratch track delamination adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 1 – Early Coating Failure</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1797" height="288" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-coating-sample2-high-adhesion-nano-scratch.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26298" alt="stent coating sample 2 high adhesion nano scratch track minimal damage testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(b) Sample 2 – Improved Coating Integrity</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 5: </span>Comparison of nano scratch tracks for two stent coatings, showing (a) early coating failure and delamination in Sample 1, and (b) improved coating integrity in Sample 2 under the same loading conditions.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="913" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-cof-depth-comparison-stent-coating-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26299" alt="nano scratch testing stent coating COF depth comparison sample 1 sample 2 adhesion performance" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 6: </span>Comparison of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth for Sample 1 and Sample 2 during nano scratch testing, showing earlier substrate contact and higher friction response in Sample 1, indicating weaker coating adhesion.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f64c74c" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2. Grooved Stent Samples</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="279" data-end="601">As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the grooved stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 90 μm, comparable to a human hair. The groove has a width of ~50 μm and a depth of 30 μm. This geometry presents a significant challenge for nano scratch testing, particularly for evaluating coating adhesion at the bottom of the groove.</p><p data-start="603" data-end="847">Precise positioning is critical to locate the scratch test within the groove. The nano scratch test is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch tracks of grooved stent Samples 3 and 4 are compared in Fig. 7.</p><p data-start="849" data-end="1108">The critical load Lc is defined as the load at which the coating fails and the substrate becomes exposed. The evolution of normal load and penetration depth, shown in Fig. 8, provides further insight into the progression of coating failure during testing.</p><p data-start="1110" data-end="1331">As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a deeper scratch track. When the critical load Lc is reached, the coating delaminates from the metal substrate.</p><p data-start="1333" data-end="1516">Sample 3 exhibits coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN, while Sample 4 fails at a higher load of Lc ≈ 173 mN. This difference indicates stronger adhesion of the coating in Sample 4.</p><p data-start="1518" data-end="1773">The measured critical loads enable quantitative comparison of coating adhesion performance. Under the same testing conditions, the coating on Sample 4 demonstrates higher resistance to delamination, making it the better-performing candidate in this study.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-failure-sample3-nano-scratch-126mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26300" alt="stent groove coating failure sample 3 nano scratch 126 mN adhesion testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(c) Sample 3 – Coating Failure in Groove (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1794" height="966" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/stent-groove-coating-high-adhesion-sample4-nano-scratch-173mn.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26301" alt="stent groove coating adhesion sample 4 nano scratch 173 mN minimal failure testing" />															</div>
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									<p>(d) Sample 4 – Higher Adhesion in Groove (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 7: </span>Nano scratch tracks inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing (c) coating failure at Lc ≈ 126 mN in Sample 3 and (d) higher adhesion with delayed failure at Lc ≈ 173 mN in Sample 4.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample3-grooved-stent-failure.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26302" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>(a) Sample 3 – Earlier Coating Failure (Lc ≈ 126 mN)</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1500" height="680" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample4-grooved-stent-high-adhesion.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26303" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="319" data-end="387">(b) Sample 4 – Delayed Failure and Higher Adhesion (Lc ≈ 173 mN)</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">Fig. 8: </span>Evolution of normal load and penetration depth during nano scratch testing inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing earlier coating failure in Sample 3 and delayed failure at higher load in Sample 4. The vertical green line indicates the critical load (Lc) where coating delamination occurs.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="245" data-end="468">This study demonstrates the ability of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester to quantitatively evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of polymer coatings on both regular and grooved stent geometries using nano scratch testing.</p><p data-start="470" data-end="825">The recessed geometry of the stent grooves, approximately 50 μm wide and 30 μm deep, presents a significant challenge for coating adhesion measurement. The high X–Y positioning accuracy of 0.25 μm enables precise placement of the scratch test within these confined regions, allowing direct evaluation of coating performance where failure is most critical.</p><p data-start="827" data-end="1124">By applying a controlled, progressively increasing load, critical loads associated with coating failure can be identified and compared across samples. This approach enables reliable differentiation of coating adhesion performance and interfacial integrity, even on small, complex stent structures.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مراجع</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[I] http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stents</em><br /><em>[II] http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402006000300008 </em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Stent Coating Adhesion Testing</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is stent coating adhesion testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Stent coating adhesion testing evaluates how strongly a polymer coating is bonded to the metal substrate of a stent. Techniques such as nano scratch testing quantify the load at which coating damage and delamination occur, providing measurable indicators of adhesion strength.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is critical load (Lc) in nano scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="658" data-end="746">Critical load (Lc) is the applied load at which a coating fails during a scratch test.</p><ul data-start="747" data-end="890"><li data-section-id="bhdxv4" data-start="747" data-end="813">Lc1 corresponds to the first visible damage in the coating</li><li data-section-id="4photk" data-start="814" data-end="890">Lc2 indicates complete coating removal and exposure of the substrate</li></ul><p data-start="892" data-end="967">These values are used to quantify and compare coating adhesion performance.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is coating adhesion important in drug-eluting stents?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Coating adhesion directly affects the reliability of drug-eluting stents. Poor adhesion can lead to coating delamination, which may compromise controlled drug release and increase the risk of device failure.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How do you measure coating adhesion inside stent grooves?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Measuring adhesion inside stent grooves requires high positioning accuracy and appropriate indenter geometry. Nano scratch testing with sharp diamond tips allows access to recessed coating regions, enabling direct evaluation of adhesion within complex stent geometries.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3d372dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What does coefficient of friction (COF) indicate in scratch testing?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">The coefficient of friction (COF) reflects changes in surface interaction during the scratch test. A sudden increase in COF often indicates coating failure and contact between the indenter and the underlying metal substrate.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">How can nano scratch testing compare different coating formulations?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Nano scratch testing enables direct comparison of coatings by measuring critical loads under controlled conditions. Higher critical loads indicate stronger adhesion and improved resistance to delamination, allowing selection of better-performing coating systems.</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch/">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Shore]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:02:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=26196</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Application Note &#124; Dental Surface Characterization Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry Request Surface Analysis Ask an Expert Live Prepared by Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA Introduction The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26196" class="elementor elementor-26196" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<p>Application Note | Dental Surface Characterization</p>								</div>
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement and Full 3D Tooth Topography</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis Using Non-Contact Optical Profilometry</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="307" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26092" alt="Dental surface roughness measurement and 3D molar reconstruction using optical profilometry" />															</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</p>				</div>
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					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Walter Alabiso, PhD; Davide Morrone, MPhys; Andrew Shore, MA</p>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b5911d1" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="836" data-end="1458">The ability to accurately characterize tooth surfaces, including micro-roughness and 3D surface topography at the nanometer scale, enables advanced research and applications in orthodontics and dental materials science. Non-contact optical profilometry provides a precise method for measuring dental surface roughness and analyzing tooth surface morphology without damaging delicate structures. These measurements support the development of composite dental materials that replicate the natural surface roughness of enamel, as well as the design and fabrication of patient-specific dental casts and restorative components.</p><p data-start="1460" data-end="1982">Low surface roughness plays a primary role in limiting bacterial adhesion and plaque formation, thereby reducing the risk of cavities. An increase in average roughness (Ra) above 2 µm leads to a steep increase in biofilm formation in vivo.¹ An Ra of 0.2 µm is considered the threshold value below which no further reduction in bacterial adhesion can be expected.²</p><p data-start="1984" data-end="2182">Reconstruction of the tooth’s 3D surface topography enables the fabrication of dental casts, which are essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and the fabrication of dental appliances.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Non-Contact Optical Profilometry for Dental Surface Analysis</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="232" data-end="713">The present study illustrates the potential of NANOVEA’s high-precision non-contact optical profilometers for dental surface roughness measurement and 3D tooth topography analysis. Chromatic Light technology offers significant advantages over classical touch probe techniques. It acquires data points from deep crevices and complex geometries without introducing measurement errors or artifacts caused by local plastic deformation and without requiring extensive data manipulation.</p><p data-start="715" data-end="1135">Compared to focus variation systems, single-point optical sensing provides superior lateral and height accuracy, with X/Y resolution below 0.5 µm, maximum vertical resolution of 1.9 nm, and the ability to measure surface angles up to 87°. The technique is effective on transparent, opaque, specular, diffusive, polished, and rough dental surfaces, making it well suited for comprehensive dental surface characterization.</p>								</div>
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									<p>ℹ️<em data-start="1410" data-end="1468"> اعرف المزيد عن <a href="https://nanovea.com/surface-profiling-lab-services/">non-contact optical profilometry and surface roughness measurement services</a>.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Measurement Method</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="313" data-end="697">في هذا التطبيق ، فإن ملف <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler</a> was used to analyze the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar previously affected by tooth decay. The side of the tooth was scanned using a PS2–MG140 single-point optical sensor to measure surface roughness parameters over a defined region of interest and along multiple line profiles.</p><p data-start="699" data-end="888">The crown of the tooth was then scanned and reconstructed using a PS5–MG35 single-point optical sensor, which is suited for larger-area acquisition and full 3D tooth topography measurement.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;"><br />نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">JR25 Portable</span><br />الملف الشخصي البصري</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="264" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/nanovea-jr25-portable-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25699" alt="NANOVEA JR25 portable optical profilometer for non-contact surface measurement" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Measurement Using NANOVEA Optical Profilometer</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="914" data-end="1026">Surface roughness measurements were performed on the lateral side of the molar crown, followed by full 3D reconstruction of the crown surface. Separate single-point optical sensors were used to optimize measurement accuracy for both localized roughness analysis and large-area surface topography acquisition.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ce29651 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="ce29651" data-element_type="section">
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									<p>PS2 – MG140</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/optical-profilometer-dental-surface-roughness-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26123" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Surface roughness analysis by area and parallel line profiles on the side of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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									<p>PS5 – MG35</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="351" height="465" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3d-tooth-topography-measurement-optical-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26122" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>Full 3D surface reconstruction of the tooth’s crown.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">معلمات القياس</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="1228" data-end="1620">The following measurement parameters were used for localized surface roughness analysis and full 3D surface reconstruction of the molar crown using NANOVEA single-point optical sensors.</p>								</div>
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									<div class="measurement-table-wrapper"><table class="measurement-table"><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Area)</th><th>Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</th><th>Full 3D Reconstruction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Optical Pen</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS2-MG140</td><td>PS5-MG35</td></tr><tr><td>Z-Range [µm]</td><td>300</td><td>300</td><td>10000</td></tr><tr><td>X-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>3.00</td><td>7.50</td></tr><tr><td>X-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>1.70</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Distance [mm]</td><td>2.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>7.00</td></tr><tr><td>Y-Step Size [µm]</td><td>1.70</td><td>100.00</td><td>10.00</td></tr><tr><td>Averaging (Avg)</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Measurement Type</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td><td>Direct</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Mode</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Single Frequency</td><td>Dual Frequency</td></tr><tr><td>Acquisition Rate [Hz]</td><td>200</td><td>200</td><td>100–400</td></tr><tr><td>Light Intensity [%]</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Optical Profilometry Results</h2>				</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="55f91f5" data-element_type="section">
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Yellow Grip Sample</h3>				</div>
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					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Surface Roughness Analysis</h4>				</div>
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									<p>The image below shows a full 3D rendering of the yellow block’s surface.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1162" height="906" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-scanned-region-2d-height-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26127" alt="False-color 2D height map of scanned tooth surface region" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A least-squares degree-8 polynomial form removal was applied to isolate the surface roughness component. The roughness filters S-Gaussian 2.5 µm and L-Gaussian 0.8 mm were then applied according to ISO 25178. The resulting filtered surface and corresponding roughness parameters are presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="950" height="748" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-iso-25178-filtered-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26133" alt="" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-roughness-table-wrapper"><table class="iso-roughness-table"><tbody><!-- Filter Settings --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">ISO 25178 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>F:</strong> [Workflow] Form removed (LS-poly 8)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><!-- Height Parameters Header --><tr class="section-header"><td colspan="4">Height Parameters</td></tr><!-- Height Parameter Rows --><tr><td class="param-code">سكوير</td><td>2.433</td><td>µm</td><td>ارتفاع الجذر التربيعي</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">SSK</td><td>-0.102</td><td> </td><td>انحراف</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">SKU</td><td>3.715</td><td> </td><td>التفرطح</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">Sp</td><td>18.861</td><td>µm</td><td>أقصى ارتفاع ذروة</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">سيفيرت</td><td>16.553</td><td>µm</td><td>Maximum pit depth</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">س</td><td>35.414</td><td>µm</td><td>أقصى ارتفاع</td></tr><tr><td class="param-code">سا</td><td>1.888</td><td>µm</td><td>حسابي يعني الارتفاع</td></tr></tbody></table></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="117" data-end="216">The average surface roughness Sa is 1.888 µm, while the peak-to-valley height Sz reaches 35.414 µm.</p><p data-start="218" data-end="295">A 3D surface rendering of the filtered area is shown below for visualization.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="892" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-roughness-3d-render-iso-filtered.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26129" alt="3D rendering of ISO 25178 filtered tooth surface roughness" />															</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Roughness Analysis (Profiles)</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Surface roughness profiles were measured using a series of 11 parallel line scans along the X direction on the side of the tooth. The false-color 2D surface map of the raw scan is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-raw-scan-2d-map.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26143" alt="False-color 2D raw scan of tooth surface for line roughness profiles" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The surface form was removed using a least-squares 8-degree polynomial prior to applying the metrological filters, leaving the residual surface shown below.</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-12d13ab elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="12d13ab" data-element_type="section">
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1298" height="517" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-residual-after-form-removal.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26144" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">A statistical analysis of the measured surface roughness profiles reveals the following line roughness parameters.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1670" height="606" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-line-roughness-profile-overlay-analysis.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26148" alt="Overlay of multiple tooth surface roughness profiles for statistical analysis" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> لا أحد</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">5.683</td><td class="center">0.761</td><td class="center">4.315</td><td class="center">6.610</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">6.242</td><td class="center">1.009</td><td class="center">4.701</td><td class="center">8.438</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">11.925</td><td class="center">1.676</td><td class="center">9.123</td><td class="center">15.048</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.063</td><td class="center">0.297</td><td class="center">1.710</td><td class="center">2.629</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">2.523</td><td class="center">0.361</td><td class="center">2.057</td><td class="center">3.175</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> لا أحد</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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									<p data-start="184" data-end="276">The value of Ra is consistent with the Sa value extracted from the surface area measurement.</p><p data-start="278" data-end="659">Different metrological filters can be applied to distinguish between macroscopic waviness and microscopic surface roughness. For example, a coarser filter cut-off, such as the 8 mm cut-off used with the Robust Gaussian order-2 filter, produces a smoother waviness profile (red) that is less sensitive to sharp local variations and follows the original surface profile more loosely.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1855" height="800" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-waviness-vs-roughness-filter-comparison.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26158" alt="Comparison of waviness and roughness profiles on tooth surface using coarse filter" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">Alternatively, a finer cut-off (e.g., 0.08 mm) enables the analysis of micro-roughness by removing the waviness component that follows the original profile at a larger scale, leaving the finer surface roughness features of the tooth visible.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1853" height="790" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-profile-filtering.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26159" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The microroughness analysis obtained using a 0.08 mm L-Gaussian filter is presented below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="431" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-surface-microroughness-final-profile.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26160" alt="Final microroughness profile of tooth surface after filtering" />															</div>
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									<div class="iso-profile-wrapper"><p><!-- Desktop / wide screens --></p><table class="iso-profile-table iso-profile-desktop"><colgroup> <col class="col-code" /> <col class="col-unit" /> <col class="col-desc" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> <col class="col-num" /> </colgroup><tbody><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>F:</strong> لا أحد</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.08 mm</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-meta"><td colspan="7"><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (37)</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-section"><td colspan="7">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</td></tr><tr class="iso-profile-header"><th class="center"> </th><th class="center"> </th><th>Description</th><th class="center">Mean</th><th class="center">Std dev</th><th class="center">Min</th><th class="center">Max</th></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rp</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.582</td><td class="center">0.122</td><td class="center">1.342</td><td class="center">1.748</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rv</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">1.466</td><td class="center">0.119</td><td class="center">1.254</td><td class="center">1.661</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rz</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</td><td class="center">3.049</td><td class="center">0.196</td><td class="center">2.820</td><td class="center">3.409</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Ra</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.495</td><td class="center">0.047</td><td class="center">0.423</td><td class="center">0.597</td></tr><tr><td class="iso-profile-code">Rq</td><td class="iso-profile-unit">µm</td><td class="iso-profile-desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</td><td class="center">0.643</td><td class="center">0.056</td><td class="center">0.562</td><td class="center">0.762</td></tr></tbody></table><p><!-- Mobile / tablet stacked cards --></p><div class="iso-profile-mobile"><div class="iso-profile-card-head">ISO 4287 – Roughness (S-L)</div><div class="iso-profile-meta-block"><div><strong>F:</strong> لا أحد</div><div><strong>S-filter (λs):</strong> Gaussian, 2.5 µm</div><div><strong>L-filter (λc):</strong> Gaussian, 0.8 mm</div><div><strong>Evaluation length:</strong> All λc (3)</div></div><div class="iso-profile-card-section">Amplitude Parameters – Roughness Profile</div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rp</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum peak height of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>5.683</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.761</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.315</strong></div><div>Max<strong>6.610</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rv</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum valley depth of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>6.242</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.009</strong></div><div>Min<strong>4.701</strong></div><div>Max<strong>8.438</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rz</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Maximum height of roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>11.925</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>1.676</strong></div><div>Min<strong>9.123</strong></div><div>Max<strong>15.048</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Ra</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Arithmetic mean deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.063</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.297</strong></div><div>Min<strong>1.710</strong></div><div>Max<strong>2.629</strong></div></div></div><div class="iso-profile-card"><div class="iso-profile-card-title"><span class="badge">Rq</span><span class="unit">µm</span></div><div class="desc">Root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the roughness profile</div><div class="grid"><div>Mean<strong>2.523</strong></div><div>Std dev<strong>0.361</strong></div><div>Min<strong>2.057</strong></div><div>Max<strong>3.175</strong></div></div></div></div></div>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Full 3D Tooth Surface Topography Reconstruction</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="548" data-end="837">The extended Z-scan range of the PS5 optical sensor enables high-fidelity scanning of the entire tooth crown surface. The resulting 3D surface topography is shown below.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="469" height="348" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/tooth-crown-surface-topography-3d-optical-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26172" alt="False-color surface topography map of full tooth crown measured with optical profilometer" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">2D VIEW: </span>2D surface map of the tooth crown measured with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="930" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/molar-crown-3d-surface-reconstruction-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-26173" alt="3D surface reconstruction of molar crown from optical profilometer scan" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">3D VIEW: </span>High-fidelity 3D rendering of the molar crown surface obtained with optical profilometry</p>								</div>
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="683f81e" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="401" data-end="560">In this application, the NANOVEA JR25 Non-Contact Optical Profiler was used to measure the surface roughness and 3D surface topography of an adult human molar.</p><p data-start="562" data-end="922">Both the area scan and the line profile analysis revealed a roughness Rq of approximately 2.5 µm and an Ra of about 1.9–2.0 µm. These values are consistent with results reported in the literature.³ The use of a narrower L-Gaussian filter with an 80 µm cut-off enabled further investigation of micro-roughness, revealing an Rq of 0.643 µm and an Ra of 0.495 µm.</p><p data-start="924" data-end="1270">The full 3D surface topography of the molar crown was reconstructed with high fidelity. The high measurement resolution allows detection of fine surface features and crevices. The resulting surface data can be easily processed and exported as STL files, enabling the design and fabrication of customized dental devices and restorative components.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مراجع</h2>				</div>
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									<p data-start="414" data-end="843"><em>[1] Shin, B.W., et al. Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Pediatric Zirconia Crowns Following Simulated Toothbrushing. Pediatric Dentistry 44.5 (2022): 363–367.</em><br /><em>[2] Bollen, C.M.L., Paul Lambrechts, and Marc Quirynen. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dental Materials 13.4 (1997): 258–269.</em><br /><em>[3] Suputtamongkol, K., et al. Surface roughness resulting from wear of lithia-disilicate-based posterior crowns. Wear 269.3–4 (2010): 317–322.</em></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Frequently Asked Questions About Dental Surface Roughness Measurement</h2>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What is dental surface roughness measurement?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Dental surface roughness measurement quantifies the microscopic texture of tooth surfaces using parameters such as Ra, Rq, and Sa. Optical profilometers measure these features without contacting the surface, allowing accurate analysis of enamel, restorative materials, and dental crowns.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why use optical profilometry to measure tooth roughness?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Optical profilometry provides non-contact surface measurement with nanometer-scale vertical resolution. It captures 2D surface maps and full 3D surface topography of dental structures without damaging soft or polished surfaces.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">What roughness parameters are used for dental surface analysis?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Common roughness parameters include Ra (arithmetic mean roughness), Rq (root mean square roughness), Sa (areal roughness), and Sz (maximum surface height). These parameters help evaluate enamel wear, plaque adhesion risk, and the performance of restorative materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Why is surface roughness important in dentistry?</h3>				</div>
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									<p data-start="168" data-end="494">Surface roughness affects plaque retention, wear resistance, and the long-term performance of dental restorations. Controlling micro-roughness can reduce bacterial adhesion and improve the durability of dental materials.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Need Reliable Surface Roughness Measurement for Dental Materials?</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/dental-surface-roughness-measurement-3d-tooth-topography/">Dental Surface Roughness Measurement &#038; 3D Tooth Topography</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<pubDate>الخميس، 14 يوليو 2022 15:16:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Flatness and Warpage]]></category>
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		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=21138</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>WELd surface inspection using a portable 3d profilometer Prepared by CRAIG LEISING INTRODUCTION It may become critical for a particular weld, typically done by visual inspection, to be investigated with an extreme level of precision. Specific areas of interest for precise analysis include surface cracks, porosity and unfilled craters, regardless of subsequent inspection procedures. Weld [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%b5-%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84/">Weld Surface Inspection Using a Portable 3D Profilometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="21138" class="elementor elementor-21138" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">فحص سطح اللحام</h1>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">باستخدام مقياس ملف تعريف ثلاثي الأبعاد محمول</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="217" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-Surface-Inspection.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-21147" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">كرايج للتنزه</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>قد يصبح من الضروري فحص لحام معين ، يتم إجراؤه عادةً عن طريق الفحص البصري ، بمستوى عالٍ من الدقة. تشمل المجالات المحددة ذات الأهمية لإجراء تحليل دقيق الشقوق السطحية والمسامية والحفر غير المملوءة ، بغض النظر عن إجراءات التفتيش اللاحقة. يمكن قياس خصائص اللحام مثل البعد / الشكل والحجم والخشونة والحجم وما إلى ذلك من أجل التقييم النقدي.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أهمية مقياس التشكيل ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل لفحص سطح اللحام</h2>				</div>
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									<p>على عكس التقنيات الأخرى مثل مجسات اللمس أو قياس التداخل، فإن تقنية NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">مقياس عدم الاتصال ثلاثي الأبعاد</a>، باستخدام اللوني المحوري، يمكنه قياس أي سطح تقريبًا، ويمكن أن تختلف أحجام العينات بشكل كبير بسبب التدريج المفتوح وليس هناك حاجة لإعداد العينة. يتم الحصول على النانو من خلال النطاق الكلي أثناء قياس المظهر الجانبي للسطح بدون أي تأثير من انعكاس العينة أو الامتصاص، وله قدرة متقدمة على قياس زوايا السطح العالية ولا يوجد أي معالجة برمجية للنتائج. قم بقياس أي مادة بسهولة: شفافة، غير شفافة، براق، منتشر، مصقول، خشن وما إلى ذلك. إن الإمكانات ثنائية وثنائية الأبعاد لمقاييس ملفات التعريف المحمولة NANOVEA تجعلها أدوات مثالية للفحص الكامل الكامل لسطح اللحام سواء في المختبر أو في الميدان.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">هدف القياس</p>								</div>
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									<p>في هذا التطبيق ، يتم استخدام أداة التعريف المحمولة NANOVEA JR25 لقياس خشونة السطح وشكل وحجم اللحام ، وكذلك المنطقة المحيطة. يمكن أن توفر هذه المعلومات معلومات مهمة للتحقق بشكل صحيح من جودة عملية اللحام واللحام.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">نانوفيا</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">جي آر 25</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">تعلم المزيد</span>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="664" height="733" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NANOVEA-Jr25-Portable-Profilometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-12966" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">نتائج الإختبار</h2>				</div>
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									<p>تُظهر الصورة أدناه العرض ثلاثي الأبعاد الكامل للحام والمنطقة المحيطة جنبًا إلى جنب مع معلمات سطح اللحام فقط. يتم عرض ملف تعريف المقطع العرضي ثنائي الأبعاد أدناه.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="461" height="370" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-Surface-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-21144" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p><em><strong>العينة</strong></em></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="813" height="495" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-Surface-Inspection-Scan.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-21146" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="299" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-Surface-Inspection-Profile.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-21145" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>مع إزالة ملف تعريف المقطع العرضي ثنائي الأبعاد أعلاه من ثلاثي الأبعاد ، يتم حساب معلومات الأبعاد الخاصة باللحام أدناه. مساحة السطح وحجم المواد المحسوبة للحام فقط أدناه.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="836" height="500" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-quality-Control.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-21143" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="558" height="454" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Weld-Surface-Profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-21148" alt="" />															</div>
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									<table class="aligncenter" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;"> </td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">فتحة</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">قمة</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%; text-align: right;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">سطح</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>1.01 ملم<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>14.0 ملم<sup>2</sup></strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%; text-align: right;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">مقدار</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>8.799e-5 ملم<sup>3</sup></strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>23.27 ملم<sup>3</sup></strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%; text-align: right;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">أقصى عمق / ارتفاع</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>0.0276 ملم</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong>0.6195 ملم</strong></em></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%; text-align: right;"><em><strong style="color: #1b96cf;">يعني العمق / الارتفاع</strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong> <span class="fontstyle0">0.004024 ملم</span> </strong></em></td><td style="width: 33.3333%;"><em><strong> <span class="fontstyle0">0.2298 ملم</span> </strong></em></td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
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									<p>في هذا التطبيق ، أظهرنا كيف يمكن لملف التعريف NANOVEA 3D Non-Contact Profiler أن يميز بدقة الخصائص الهامة للحام ومنطقة السطح المحيطة. من الخشونة والأبعاد والحجم ، يمكن تحديد طريقة كمية للجودة والتكرار أو مزيد من التحقيق فيها. يمكن تحليل عينات اللحامات ، مثل المثال الوارد في ملاحظة التطبيق هذه ، بسهولة ، باستخدام سطح طاولة قياسي أو ملف تعريف NANOVEA محمول للاختبار الداخلي أو الميداني</p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%b5-%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84/">Weld Surface Inspection Using a Portable 3D Profilometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>تحليل فركتوجرافي باستخدام البروفايلو متر ذات ثلاث درجات</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-3d-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fractography-analysis-using-3d-profilometry</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-3d-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>الثلاثاء، 05 أبريل 2022 17:27:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=18527</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FRACTOGRAPHY ANALYSIS USING 3D PROFILOMETRY Prepared by CRAIG LEISING INTRODUCTION Fractography is the study of features on fractured surfaces and has historically been investigated via Microscope or SEM. Depending on the size of the feature, a microscope (macro features) or SEM (nano and micro features) are selected for the surface analysis. Both ultimately allowing for [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-3d-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a/">Fractography Analysis Using 3D Profilometry</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="18527" class="elementor elementor-18527" data-elementor-post-type="post">
						<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ec3d48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7ec3d48" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">تحليل فركتوجرافي</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">استخدام القياس الشخصي ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="217" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Metal-Fracture-Inspection.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-18498" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">كرايج للتنزه</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>تصوير الكسور هو دراسة السمات الموجودة على الأسطح المكسورة وقد تم فحصه تاريخيًا عبر المجهر أو SEM. اعتمادًا على حجم الميزة، يتم تحديد المجهر (ميزات الماكرو) أو SEM (ميزات النانو والجزئي) لتحليل السطح. كلاهما يسمح في النهاية بتحديد نوع آلية الكسر. على الرغم من فعاليته، إلا أن المجهر له حدود واضحة ويعتبر SEM في معظم الحالات، بخلاف التحليل على المستوى الذري، غير عملي لقياس سطح الكسر ويفتقر إلى القدرة على الاستخدام على نطاق أوسع. مع التقدم في تكنولوجيا القياس البصري، NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">مقياس عدم الاتصال ثلاثي الأبعاد</a> تعتبر الآن الأداة المفضلة، مع قدرتها على توفير النانو من خلال قياسات سطحية ثنائية وثلاثية الأبعاد على نطاق واسع</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أهمية مقياس التشكيل ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل لفحص الكسر</h2>				</div>
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									<p>على عكس SEM ، يمكن لمقياس ملف التعريف ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل قياس أي سطح تقريبًا ، وحجم العينة ، مع الحد الأدنى من إعداد العينة ، وكل ذلك مع تقديم أبعاد رأسية / أفقية متفوقة لأبعاد SEM. باستخدام ملف التعريف ، يتم التقاط ميزات النطاق الكلي من خلال النانو في قياس واحد مع تأثير صفري من انعكاس العينة. قم بقياس أي مادة بسهولة: شفافة ، غير شفافة ، مرآوية ، منتشرة ، مصقولة ، خشنة ، إلخ. يوفر مقياس ملف التعريف ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل قدرة واسعة وسهلة الاستخدام لتعظيم دراسات التصدع السطحي بجزء بسيط من تكلفة SEM.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">هدف القياس</p>								</div>
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									<p>في هذا التطبيق ، يتم استخدام NANOVEA ST400 لقياس السطح المكسور لعينة الصلب. في هذه الدراسة ، سنعرض منطقة ثلاثية الأبعاد واستخراج ملف تعريف ثنائي الأبعاد وخريطة اتجاهية للسطح.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">نانوفيا</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">ST400</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">تعلم المزيد</span>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="756" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Customizable-Profilometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9779" alt="مقياس الملامح الضوئي نانوفيا ST400 ثلاثي الأبعاد لتحليل عمق مداس الإطار وخشونة السطح" />								</a>
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			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9c67049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="9c67049" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">نتائج</h2>				</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-91f0b18" data-id="91f0b18" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-98d107e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="98d107e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">المسطح العلوي</h2>				</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0621d2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0621d2b" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebb2dd6" data-id="ebb2dd6" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e1f3ef4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e1f3ef4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="941" height="509" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Metal-Fracture-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18497" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae400e8" data-id="ae400e8" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d503459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d503459" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">اتجاه نسيج السطح ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5948908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5948908" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="429" height="210" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3D-Surface-Direction-Mapping.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18509" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bdf5736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="bdf5736" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<table style="width: 100.868%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الخواص</td><td style="width: 121.875%;">51.26%</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الأول</td><td style="width: 121.875%;">123.2º</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الثاني</td><td style="width: 121.875%;">116.3º</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الثالث</td><td style="width: 121.875%;">0.1725º</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9fa7d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f9fa7d0" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6715c2" data-id="a6715c2" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ab1a26c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="ab1a26c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="854" height="273" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Fractography-Profilometer-Study.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18493" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ecc9c0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ecc9c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p><span class="fontstyle0">يمكن حساب مساحة السطح والحجم والخشونة والعديد من الأشياء الأخرى تلقائيًا من هذا الاستخراج.</span> </p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e6e18f" data-id="6e6e18f" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56bc628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="56bc628" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2D استخراج الملف الشخصي</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9bb102b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="9bb102b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="430" height="255" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Fractography-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18491" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d1d40f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="0d1d40f" data-element_type="section">
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						<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d789db6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="d789db6" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d5d6ed5" data-id="d5d6ed5" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c6154dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c6154dc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">نتائج</h2>				</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-90aed2e" data-id="90aed2e" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c8b44fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c8b44fd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">السطح الجانبي</h2>				</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb0add2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cb0add2" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a87ef75" data-id="a87ef75" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e1e9f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e1e9f50" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="944" height="506" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Fractography-Profilometer-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18492" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-31333af" data-id="31333af" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-42ad972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="42ad972" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">اتجاه نسيج السطح ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3cd8889 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="3cd8889" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="430" height="211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Fracture-3D-Surface-Direction-Mapping.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18494" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5a5cbe4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5a5cbe4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<table style="width: 100.868%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الخواص</td><td style="width: 121.875%;"><span class="fontstyle0">15.55</span>%</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الأول</td><td style="width: 121.875%;"><span class="fontstyle0">0.1617</span>º</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الثاني</td><td style="width: 121.875%;"><span class="fontstyle0">110.5</span>º</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 65.1042%;">الاتجاه الثالث</td><td style="width: 121.875%;"><span class="fontstyle0">171.5</span>º</td></tr></tbody></table>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d7308 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="23d7308" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a437c2" data-id="6a437c2" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-971463b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="971463b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="850" height="272" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Metal-Fracture-Measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18499" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-241bedb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="241bedb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p><span class="fontstyle0">يمكن حساب مساحة السطح والحجم والخشونة والعديد من الأشياء الأخرى تلقائيًا من هذا الاستخراج.</span> </p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-356dcd0" data-id="356dcd0" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d21e858 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="d21e858" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">2D استخراج الملف الشخصي</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5cc99d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5cc99d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="455" height="196" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Fracture-Profilometry-measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18495" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33594e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="33594e4" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wider">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d210e33" data-id="d210e33" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
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				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c902da" data-id="2c902da" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f14abfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="f14abfc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default">
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8843a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8843a9f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-18f7f2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="18f7f2e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p>في هذا التطبيق ، أظهرنا كيف يمكن لمقياس ملف التعريف NANOVEA ST400 3D عدم التلامس أن يميز بدقة التضاريس الكاملة (ميزات النانو والجزئية والكلية) للسطح المكسور. من المنطقة ثلاثية الأبعاد ، يمكن تحديد السطح بوضوح ويمكن استخراج المناطق الفرعية أو الملامح / المقاطع العرضية بسرعة وتحليلها بقائمة لا نهائية من حسابات السطح. يمكن تحليل ميزات سطح النانومتر بشكل أكبر باستخدام وحدة AFM المدمجة.</p><p>بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، قامت NANOVEA بتضمين نسخة محمولة إلى تشكيلة Profilometer الخاصة بهم ، وهي مهمة بشكل خاص للدراسات الميدانية حيث يكون سطح الكسر غير متحرك. مع هذه القائمة الواسعة من إمكانيات قياس السطح ، لم يكن تحليل سطح الكسر أسهل وأكثر ملاءمة مع أداة واحدة.</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fc6f04f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="fc6f04f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default">
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				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c91e994 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="c91e994" data-element_type="section">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هل لديك تطبيق مماثل؟</h2>				</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">ناقش الأمر مع أحد الخبراء الآن</span>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">احصل على الأسعار والتفاصيل بسرعة</span>
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		</section>
				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-3d-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a/">Fractography Analysis Using 3D Profilometry</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>ارتداء واحتكاك حزام البوليمر باستخدام الترايبومتر</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%83-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=polymer-belt-wear-and-friction-using-tribometer</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%83-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>الخميس، 06 يناير 2022 21:24:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linear Tribology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tribology Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=16977</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>POLYMER BELTS WEAR AND FRICTION USING a TRIBOMETER Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD INTRODUCTION Belt drive transmits power and tracks relative movement between two or more rotating shafts. As a simple and inexpensive solution with minimal maintenance, belt drives are widely used in a variety of applications, such as bucksaws, sawmills, threshers, silo blowers and [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%83-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae/">Polymer Belt Wear and Friction using a Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="16977" class="elementor elementor-16977" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أحزمة بوليمر</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">ارتدي واحتكاك باستخدام جهاز ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="217" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-Wear-Testing.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16979" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">دوانجي لي ، دكتوراه</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>ينقل محرك الحزام الطاقة ويتتبع الحركة النسبية بين اثنين أو أكثر من أعمدة الدوران. كحل بسيط وغير مكلف مع الحد الأدنى من الصيانة ، تُستخدم محركات السيور على نطاق واسع في مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات ، مثل المناشير ، ومناشير الخشب ، والدرسات ، ومنفاخ الصوامع ، والناقلات. يمكن لمحركات الحزام حماية الماكينة من الحمل الزائد وكذلك الرطوبة وعزل الاهتزازات.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أهمية تقييم الارتداء للقيادة ذات الأحزمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>الاحتكاك والتآكل أمر لا مفر منه للأحزمة في آلة يحركها حزام. يضمن الاحتكاك الكافي نقلًا فعالًا للطاقة دون الانزلاق ، ولكن الاحتكاك المفرط قد يؤدي إلى تآكل الحزام بسرعة. تحدث أنواع مختلفة من الاهتراء مثل التعب والتآكل والاحتكاك أثناء تشغيل محرك الحزام. من أجل إطالة عمر الحزام وتقليل التكلفة والوقت على إصلاح واستبدال الحزام ، فإن التقييم الموثوق لأداء تآكل الأحزمة أمر مرغوب فيه لتحسين عمر الحزام وكفاءة الإنتاج وأداء التطبيق. القياس الدقيق لمعامل الاحتكاك ومعدل التآكل للحزام يسهل البحث والتطوير ومراقبة الجودة لإنتاج الحزام.</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/t2000/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="711" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/T2000-Superior-Tribometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9913" alt="ارتفاع ضغط الهواء مقياس الضغط" />								</a>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">هدف القياس</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">في هذه الدراسة ، قمنا بمحاكاة ومقارنة سلوكيات ارتداء الأحزمة ذات القوام السطحي المختلف لعرض قدرة </span><span class="fontstyle2">نانوفيا </span><span class="fontstyle0">T2000 Tribometer في محاكاة عملية تآكل الحزام بطريقة محكومة ومراقب.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">نانوفيا</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">T2000</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">تعلم المزيد</span>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">إجرائات الإمتحان</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">تم تقييم معامل الاحتكاك ، COF ، ومقاومة التآكل لحزامين مع خشونة السطح المختلفة والملمس من خلال </span><span class="fontstyle2">نانوفيا </span><span class="fontstyle0">حمل زائد <a href="https://nanovea.com/tribometers/">ثلاثي الأبعاد </a>باستخدام وحدة التآكل الترددي الخطي. تم استخدام كرة فولاذية 440 (قطرها 10 مم) كمادة مضادة. تم فحص خشونة السطح ومسار التآكل باستخدام جهاز متكامل <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">مقياس عدم الاتصال ثلاثي الأبعاد</a>. معدل التآكل، </span><span class="fontstyle2">ك</span><span class="fontstyle0">، باستخدام الصيغة </span><span class="fontstyle2">K = Vl (Fxs)</span><span class="fontstyle0">، أين </span><span class="fontstyle2">الخامس </span><span class="fontstyle0">هو الحجم البالي ، </span><span class="fontstyle2">F </span><span class="fontstyle0">هو الحمل العادي و </span><span class="fontstyle2">س </span><span class="fontstyle0">هي المسافة المنزلقة.</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="fontstyle0">يرجى ملاحظة أنه تم استخدام نظير كرة فولاذية 440 ملساء كمثال في هذه الدراسة ، يمكن تطبيق أي مادة صلبة ذات أشكال مختلفة وتشطيب سطحي باستخدام تركيبات مخصصة لمحاكاة حالة التطبيق الفعلية.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">النتائج والمناقشة</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">يتميز الحزام المحكم والحزام الأملس بخشونة سطحية Ra تبلغ 33.5 و 8.7 um ، على التوالي ، وفقًا لمحات السطح التي تم تحليلها والتي تم التقاطها باستخدام </span><span class="fontstyle2">نانوفيا </span><span class="fontstyle0">3D بروفايل بصري عدم الاتصال. تم قياس COF ومعدل التآكل للحزامين المختبرين عند 10 N و 100 N ، على التوالي ، لمقارنة سلوك تآكل الأحزمة عند الأحمال المختلفة.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span class="fontstyle0">شكل 1 </span><span class="fontstyle2">يوضح تطور COF للأحزمة أثناء اختبارات التآكل. تُظهر الأحزمة ذات القوام المختلف سلوكيات تآكل مختلفة إلى حد كبير. من المثير للاهتمام أنه بعد فترة التشغيل التي يزداد فيها COF تدريجيًا ، يصل الحزام المحكم إلى COF أقل من 0.5 ~ في كلا الاختبارين اللذين تم إجراؤهما باستخدام أحمال 10 N و 100 N. يُظهر الحمل البالغ 10 نيوتن COF أعلى بكثير من ~ 1.4 عندما يصبح COF مستقرًا ويحتفظ فوق هذه القيمة لبقية الاختبار. تم اختبار الحزام الناعم الذي تم اختباره تحت حمولة 100 N سريعًا بواسطة الكرة الفولاذية 440 وشكل مسار تآكل كبير. لذلك توقف الاختبار عند 220 دورة.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="571" height="472" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-COF.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16980" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">شكل ١:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0"> تطور COF للأحزمة بأحمال مختلفة.
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									<p>يقارن الشكل 2 صور مسار التآكل ثلاثية الأبعاد بعد الاختبارات عند 100 N. يوفر مقياس NANOVEA 3D غير المتصل بعدم التلامس أداة لتحليل الشكل التفصيلي لمسارات التآكل ، مما يوفر مزيدًا من التبصر في الفهم الأساسي لآلية التآكل.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الجدول 1:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0"> نتيجة تحليل مسار التآكل.
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="586" height="411" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-Profilometer-scan.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16983" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 2:</span><span style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">  <span class="fontstyle0">عرض ثلاثي الأبعاد للحزامين<br />بعد الاختبارات عند 100 N.</span></span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p class="MsoNormal">يسمح ملف مسار التآكل ثلاثي الأبعاد بتحديد مباشر ودقيق لحجم مسار التآكل المحسوب بواسطة برنامج التحليل المتقدم كما هو موضح في الجدول 1. في اختبار التآكل لـ 220 دورة ، يحتوي الحزام الناعم على مسار تآكل أكبر وأعمق بكثير بحجم 75.7 مم 3 ، مقارنة بحجم تآكل 14.0 مم 3 للحزام المحكم بعد اختبار تآكل 600 ثورة. يؤدي الاحتكاك العالي للحزام الناعم ضد الكرة الفولاذية إلى معدل تآكل أعلى بمقدار 15 ضعفًا مقارنة بالحزام المحكم.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">من المحتمل أن يكون هذا الاختلاف الكبير في COF بين الحزام المحكم والحزام الأملس مرتبطًا بحجم منطقة التلامس بين الحزام والكرة الفولاذية ، مما يؤدي أيضًا إلى أداء التآكل المختلف. يوضح الشكل 3 مسارات التآكل للحزامين تحت المجهر البصري. يتوافق فحص مسار التآكل مع الملاحظة الخاصة بتطور COF: الحزام المحكم ، الذي يحافظ على انخفاض COF يبلغ 0.5 تقريبًا ، لا يُظهر أي علامة على التآكل بعد اختبار التآكل تحت حمولة 10 N. يظهر الحزام الناعم تآكلًا بسيطًا المسار عند 10 N. تخلق اختبارات التآكل التي تم إجراؤها عند 100 N مسارات تآكل أكبر بشكل كبير على كل من الأحزمة ذات النسيج الناعم والسلس ، وسيتم حساب معدل التآكل باستخدام ملفات التعريف ثلاثية الأبعاد كما سيتم مناقشته في الفقرة التالية.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="490" height="470" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-Wear-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16989" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="491" height="472" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-Tribology-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16985" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="491" height="472" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Polymer-Belts-Tribometer-Test.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16986" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 3:</span><span style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;">  <span class="fontstyle0">قم بارتداء المسارات تحت المجهر الضوئي.</span> <br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>في هذه الدراسة ، عرضنا قدرة NANOVEA T2000 Tribometer في تقييم معامل الاحتكاك ومعدل تآكل الأحزمة بطريقة كمية وجيدة التحكم. يلعب نسيج السطح دورًا مهمًا في مقاومة الاحتكاك والتآكل للأحزمة أثناء أداء الخدمة. يُظهر الحزام المحكم معامل احتكاك ثابتًا يبلغ 0.5 تقريبًا ويمتلك عمرًا طويلاً ، مما يؤدي إلى تقليل الوقت والتكلفة في إصلاح أو استبدال الأداة. وبالمقارنة ، فإن الاحتكاك المفرط للحزام الأملس ضد الكرة الفولاذية يؤدي إلى تآكل الحزام بسرعة. علاوة على ذلك ، يعتبر التحميل على الحزام عاملاً حيويًا في مدة خدمته. يخلق الحمل الزائد احتكاكًا عاليًا جدًا ، مما يؤدي إلى تسريع تآكل الحزام.</p>
<p>يوفر NANOVEA T2000 Tribometer اختبارًا دقيقًا وقابلًا للتكرار للتآكل والاحتكاك باستخدام أوضاع الدوران والخطية المتوافقة مع ISO و ASTM ، مع تآكل اختياري بدرجة حرارة عالية ، ووحدات تزييت وتآكل ثلاثي متوفرة في نظام واحد متكامل مسبقًا.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16.8px;">نانوفيا&nbsp;</span>النطاق الذي لا مثيل له هو الحل المثالي لتحديد النطاق الكامل للخصائص الترايبولوجية للطلاءات الرقيقة أو السميكة أو الناعمة أو القاسية والأغشية والركائز.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هل لديك تطبيق مماثل؟</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a2%d9%83%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%83-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae/">Polymer Belt Wear and Friction using a Tribometer</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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		<title>البنية المجهرية الأحفورية باستخدام قياس الأبعاد ثلاثي بالبروفايلو متر</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=fossil-microstructure-using-3d-profilometry</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>الثلاثاء، 28 ديسمبر 2021 20:03:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=16911</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>FOSSIL MICROSTRUCTURE USING 3D PROFILOMETRY Prepared by DUANJIE LI, PhD INTRODUCTION Fossils are the preserved remains of traces of plants, animals and other organisms buried in sediment under ancient seas, lakes and rivers. The soft body tissue usually decays after death, but the hard shells, bones and teeth fossilize. Microstructure surface features are often preserved [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84/">Fossil Microstructure Using 3D Profilometry</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="16911" class="elementor elementor-16911" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">البنية المجهرية الأحفورية</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">استخدام القياس الشخصي ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="217" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Fossils-Portable-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16924" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">دوانجي لي ، دكتوراه</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>الحفريات هي بقايا آثار النباتات والحيوانات والكائنات الحية الأخرى المحفوظة في الرواسب تحت البحار القديمة والبحيرات والأنهار. عادة ما تتحلل أنسجة الجسم الرخوة بعد الموت ، لكن الأصداف الصلبة والعظام والأسنان تتحجر. غالبًا ما يتم الحفاظ على ميزات سطح البنية المجهرية عند حدوث استبدال معدني للقشور والعظام الأصلية ، مما يوفر نظرة ثاقبة لتطور الطقس وآلية تكوين الأحافير.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أهمية مقياس التشكيل ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل للفحص الأحفوري</h2>				</div>
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									<p>تمكننا الملامح ثلاثية الأبعاد للأحفورة من مراقبة السمات السطحية التفصيلية للعينة الأحفورية من زاوية أقرب. قد لا يمكن تمييز الدقة العالية لمقياس ملف التعريف NANOVEA بالعين المجردة. يقدم برنامج تحليل الملف التعريفي مجموعة واسعة من الدراسات التي تنطبق على هذه الأسطح الفريدة. على عكس التقنيات الأخرى مثل مجسات اللمس، فإن تقنية NANOVEA <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">مقياس عدم الاتصال ثلاثي الأبعاد</a> يقيس ملامح السطح دون لمس العينة. وهذا يسمح بالحفاظ على السمات السطحية الحقيقية لبعض العينات الأحفورية الدقيقة. علاوة على ذلك، فإن مقياس الملف الشخصي Jr25 النموذجي المحمول يتيح القياس ثلاثي الأبعاد في المواقع الأحفورية، مما يسهل إلى حد كبير تحليل الحفريات وحمايتها بعد التنقيب.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">هدف القياس</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">في هذه الدراسة ، يتم استخدام مقياس الملامح NANOVEA Jr25 لقياس سطح عينتين أحفوريتين تمثيليتين. تم مسح وتحليل كامل سطح كل أحفورة من أجل تحديد خصائص سطحها والتي تشمل الخشونة ، والكونتور ، واتجاه النسيج.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">نانوفيا</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: left;">الابن 25</p>								</div>
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									<span class="elementor-button-text">تعلم المزيد</span>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/jr25/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="664" height="733" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NANOVEA-Jr25-Portable-Profilometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-12966" alt="" />								</a>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">براتشيوبود فوسيل</h2>				</div>
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									<p>أول عينة أحفورية تم تقديمها في هذا التقرير هي أحفورة Brachiopod ، والتي جاءت من حيوان بحري له &quot;صمامات&quot; صلبة (قذائف) على سطحه العلوي والسفلي. ظهرت لأول مرة في العصر الكمبري ، أي منذ أكثر من 550 مليون سنة.</p><p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">يظهر العرض ثلاثي الأبعاد للمسح في الشكل 1 ويظهر عرض الألوان الزائفة في الشكل 2. </span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="535" height="501" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Shell-Fossil-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16919" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="717" height="521" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Brachiopod-Fossil-Scan-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16939" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">شكل ١: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">عرض ثلاثي الأبعاد لعينة أحافير Brachiopod.</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="501" height="418" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Brachiopod-Fossil-Study.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16925" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 2: </span><span class="fontstyle0"><span style="color: #000000;">عرض لون كاذب لعينة أحافير Brachiopod.</span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">تمت إزالة الشكل العام بعد ذلك من السطح من أجل فحص شكل السطح المحلي ومحيط أحفورة Brachiopod كما هو موضح في الشكل 3. يمكن الآن ملاحظة نسيج أخدود متباين غريب على عينة أحافير Brachiopod.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="773" height="318" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Shell-Fossil-Profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16920" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 3:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0"> عرض الألوان الزائفة وخطوط الكنتور عرض بعد إزالة النموذج.</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">يتم استخراج ملف تعريف الخط من المنطقة المنسوجة لإظهار عرض مقطعي للسطح الأحفوري في الشكل 4. تقيس دراسة ارتفاع الخطوة الأبعاد الدقيقة لميزات السطح. يبلغ متوسط عرض الأخاديد 0.38 مم وعمق ~ 0.25 مم.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="243" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Shell-Fossil-Study.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16921" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="161" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Fossil-Study-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16938" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 4:</span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0"> ملف تعريف الخط ودراسات ارتفاع الخطوة للسطح المحكم.</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">كرينويد الجذعية الأحفورية</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">العينة الأحفورية الثانية هي أحفورة جذعية كرينويدية. ظهرت Crinoids لأول مرة في بحار العصر الكمبري الأوسط ، قبل حوالي 300 مليون سنة من الديناصورات. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">يظهر العرض ثلاثي الأبعاد للمسح في الشكل 5 ويظهر عرض الألوان الزائفة في الشكل 6. </span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="392" height="534" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Fossil-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16926" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="661" height="508" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Stem-Fossil-Study.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16917" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 5: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span class="fontstyle0">عرض ثلاثي الأبعاد لعينة أحفورية كرينويد.</span><br /></span></span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">تم تحليل خواص نسيج السطح وخشونة أحفورة ساق Crinoid في الشكل 7. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;"> </span><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">هذه الأحفورة لها اتجاه نسيج تفضيلي في زاوية قريبة من 90 درجة ، مما يؤدي إلى تماثل خواص الملمس بمقدار 69%.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="497" height="368" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Fossil-Profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16914" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 6:</span><span style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"> عرض اللون الزائف لملف </span></span><span style="color: #000000;">جذع Crinoid </span><span style="color: #000000;">عينة.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="506" height="248" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Fossil-Measurement.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16913" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="444" height="202" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Fossil-Isotropy-and-Roughness.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16912" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="234" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Fossil-Profilometry-Parameters.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16918" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 7:</span><span style="color: #1b96cf;"><span style="color: #000000;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;">نسيج السطح خواص وخشونة أحفورة ساق Crinoid.</span></p>								</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">يظهر المظهر الجانبي ثنائي الأبعاد على طول الاتجاه المحوري لحفورة جذع Crinoid في الشكل 8. </span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text );">حجم قمم نسيج السطح موحد إلى حد ما.</span></p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="211" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Stem-Fossil-Profile-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16916" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="145" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crinoid-Stem-Fossil-2D-Profile-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-16915" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #1b96cf;">الشكل 8:</span><span style="color: #000000;"> تحليل الملف الشخصي ثنائي الأبعاد لأحفوري ساق Crinoid.</span></p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p><span style="font-size: 16.8px;">في هذا التطبيق ، درسنا بشكل شامل الميزات السطحية ثلاثية الأبعاد لحفورة جذعية Brachiopod و Crinoid باستخدام مقياس التشكيل الجانبي المحمول غير المتصل NANOVEA Jr25. نعرض أن الأداة يمكن أن تميز بدقة التشكل ثلاثي الأبعاد لعينات الأحافير. ثم يتم تحليل سمات السطح المثير للاهتمام وملمس العينات. تمتلك عينة Brachiopod نسيج أخدود متباين ، بينما تُظهر أحافير جذع Crinoid تباينًا تفضيليًا للنسيج. أثبتت عمليات المسح السطحي ثلاثية الأبعاد المفصلة والدقيقة أنها أدوات مثالية لعلماء الحفريات والجيولوجيين لدراسة تطور الحياة وتكوين الأحافير.</span></p><p><span style="color: var( --e-global-color-text ); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">تمثل البيانات الموضحة هنا جزءًا فقط من الحسابات المتوفرة في برنامج التحليل. تقيس مقاييس ملف تعريف NANOVEA أي سطح تقريبًا في المجالات بما في ذلك أشباه الموصلات ، والإلكترونيات الدقيقة ، والطاقة الشمسية ، والألياف البصرية ، والسيارات ، والفضاء ، والمعادن ، والآلات ، والطلاء ، والأدوية ، والطب الحيوي ، والبيئة وغيرها الكثير.</span></p>								</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84/">Fossil Microstructure Using 3D Profilometry</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>قياس حدود السطح</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=surface-boundary-measurement</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>الجمعة، 25 يونيو 2021 16:05:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=11898</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>قياس حدود السطح باستخدام قياس البيانات ثلاثي الأبعاد اعرف المزيد</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad/">Surface Boundary Measurement</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>قياس حدود السطح باستخدام مقياس التشكيل الجانبي ثلاثي الأبعاد</p><p>يتعلم أكثر</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>قياس الحدود السطحية</span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">استخدام القياس الشخصي ثلاثي الأبعاد</h2>				</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/MicrosoftTeams-image-15.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11942" alt="" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span>كريج ليزينج</span></h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>في الدراسات التي يتم فيها تقييم واجهة ميزات السطح والأنماط والأشكال وما إلى ذلك ، من أجل الاتجاه ، سيكون من المفيد تحديد مجالات الاهتمام بسرعة على ملف تعريف القياس بأكمله. من خلال تقسيم السطح إلى مناطق مهمة ، يمكن للمستخدم تقييم الحدود والقمم والحفر والمساحات والأحجام والعديد من الأشياء الأخرى بسرعة لفهم دورها الوظيفي في ملف تعريف السطح بأكمله قيد الدراسة. على سبيل المثال ، مثل تصوير حدود الحبوب للمعادن ، تكمن أهمية التحليل في واجهة العديد من الهياكل وتوجهها العام. من خلال فهم كل مجال من مجالات الاهتمام ، يمكن تحديد العيوب و / أو الشذوذ داخل المنطقة الكلية. على الرغم من أن تصوير حدود الحبوب يُدرس عادةً في نطاق يتجاوز قدرة مقياس ملف التعريف ، وهو مجرد تحليل للصور ثنائية الأبعاد ، إلا أنه مرجع مفيد لتوضيح مفهوم ما سيتم عرضه هنا على نطاق أوسع جنبًا إلى جنب مع مزايا قياس السطح ثلاثي الأبعاد.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أهمية مقياس التشكيل ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتصل لدراسة فصل السطح 
</h2>				</div>
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									<p>على عكس التقنيات الأخرى مثل مجسات اللمس أو قياس التداخل، فإن <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">مقياس عدم الاتصال ثلاثي الأبعاد</a>، باستخدام اللوني المحوري، يمكنه قياس أي سطح تقريبًا، ويمكن أن تختلف أحجام العينات بشكل كبير بسبب التدريج المفتوح وليس هناك حاجة لإعداد العينة. يتم الحصول على النانو من خلال النطاق الكلي أثناء قياس المظهر الجانبي للسطح بدون أي تأثير من انعكاس العينة أو الامتصاص، وله قدرة متقدمة على قياس زوايا السطح العالية ولا يوجد أي معالجة برمجية للنتائج. قم بقياس أي مادة بسهولة: شفافة، معتمة، براق، منتشر، مصقول، خشن وما إلى ذلك. توفر تقنية مقياس عدم الاتصال قدرة مثالية وواسعة وسهلة الاستخدام لتحقيق أقصى قدر من الدراسات السطحية عندما تكون هناك حاجة إلى تحليل حدود السطح؛ إلى جانب فوائد القدرة المدمجة ثنائية وثلاثية الأبعاد.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="512" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Styrofoam-surface-3D-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11941" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>هدف القياس</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>في هذا التطبيق ، يتم استخدام مقياس التشكيل الجانبي Nanovea ST400 لقياس مساحة سطح الستايروفوم. تم إنشاء الحدود من خلال الجمع بين ملف الكثافة المنعكس جنبًا إلى جنب مع التضاريس ، والتي يتم الحصول عليها في وقت واحد باستخدام NANOVEA ST400. ثم تم استخدام هذه البيانات لحساب معلومات الشكل والحجم المختلفة لكل &quot;حبة&quot; ستايروفوم.</em></p>								</div>
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									<p>نانوفيا</p>								</div>
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									<p>ST400</p>								</div>
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																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400/">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="800" height="808" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Optical-Profilometry-ST400.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-9556" alt="" />								</a>
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									النتائج والمناقشة: قياس حدود السطح ثنائي الأبعاد								</div>
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									<p>صورة الطبوغرافيا (أسفل اليسار) مقنعة بواسطة صورة الكثافة المنعكسة (أسفل اليمين) لتحديد حدود الحبوب بوضوح. تم تجاهل جميع الحبوب التي يقل قطرها عن 565 ميكرومتر عن طريق تطبيق مرشح.</p>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="656" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Styrofoam-surface-profilometry.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11938" alt="" />															</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="656" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Styrofoam-surface-profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11937" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center;">العدد الإجمالي للحبوب: 167<br>
إجمالي المساحة المتوقعة التي تشغلها الحبوب: 166.917 ملم مربع (64.5962 %)<br>
إجمالي المساحة المتوقعة التي تشغلها الحدود: (35.4038 %)<br>
كثافة الحبوب: 0.646285 حبة / مم 2</p>
المساحة = 0.999500 ملم² +/- 0.491846 ملم² <br>
المحيط = 9114.15 ميكرومتر +/- 4570.38 ميكرومتر<br>
القطر المكافئ = 1098.61 ميكرومتر +/- 256.235 ميكرومتر<br>
متوسط القطر = 945.373 ميكرومتر +/- 248.344 ميكرومتر<br>
الحد الأدنى للقطر = 675.898 ميكرومتر +/- 246.850 ميكرومتر<br>
أقصى قطر = 1312.43 ميكرومتر +/- 295.258 ميكرومتر								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="679" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Boundary-Measurement-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11940" alt="" />															</div>
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									<p>النتائج والمناقشة: قياس حدود السطح ثلاثي الأبعاد</p>								</div>
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									<p>باستخدام بيانات الطبوغرافيا ثلاثية الأبعاد التي تم الحصول عليها ، يمكن تحليل الحجم والارتفاع والذروة ونسبة العرض إلى الارتفاع ومعلومات الشكل العام على كل حبة. إجمالي المساحة ثلاثية الأبعاد المشغولة: 2.525 مم 3</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
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									<p>في هذا التطبيق ، أظهرنا كيف يمكن لمقياس NANOVEA 3D Non Contact Profilometer أن يميز بدقة سطح الستايروفوم. يمكن الحصول على المعلومات الإحصائية على كامل سطح الاهتمام أو على الحبوب الفردية ، سواء كانت قمم أو حفر. في هذا المثال ، تم استخدام جميع الحبوب الأكبر من الحجم المحدد من قبل المستخدم لإظهار المنطقة والمحيط والقطر والارتفاع. يمكن أن تكون الميزات الموضحة هنا حاسمة للبحث ومراقبة الجودة للأسطح الطبيعية والمُصنَّعة مسبقًا بدءًا من تطبيقات الطب الحيوي إلى تطبيقات الآلات الدقيقة جنبًا إلى جنب مع العديد من التطبيقات الأخرى. </p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هل لديك تطبيق مماثل؟</h2>				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad/">Surface Boundary Measurement</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>Tire Tread Depth &#038; Rubber Surface Roughness Measurement &#124; 3D Optical Profiler</title>
		<link>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=tire-tread-depth-measurement</link>
					<comments>https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nanovea]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>الخميس، 25 فبراير 2021 22:49:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Application Notes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Laboratory Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Geometry and Shape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Roughness and Finish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Step Height and Thickness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Texture and Grain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry | Volume and Area]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profilometry Testing]]></category>
		<guid ispermalink="false">https://nanovea.com/?p=10619</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Learn how the Nanovea ST400 3D Optical Profiler provides precise tire tread depth measurement and rubber surface roughness analysis for tire performance and wear studies.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1/">Tire Tread Depth &#038; Rubber Surface Roughness Measurement | 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="10619" class="elementor elementor-10619" data-elementor-post-type="post">
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									<h1 style="text-align: center; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4;"><span style="font-size: 40px; color: #1b96cf; display: block;">قياس عمق مداس الإطار وقياس خشونة سطح المطاط
</span><span style="font-size: 32px; color: #000;">باستخدام الملامح البصرية ثلاثية الأبعاد
</span></h1>								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="290" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tread-Contour-Measurement-NANOVEA-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10633" alt="مرجع لقياس عمق مداس الإطار يوضح أنماط مداس إطارات السيارات المتعددة" />															</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أُعدت بواسطة</h2>				</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">أندريا هيرمان</h2>				</div>
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									بينما يتم قياس عمق مداس الإطارات عادةً باستخدام مقاييس محمولة باليد لسلامة المستهلك، تتطلب عمليات البحث والتطوير الصناعية ومصنعي الإطارات أساليب أكثر تقدمًا. توضح هذه المذكرة التطبيقية كيف يوفر مقياس الملامح البصري ثلاثي الأبعاد قياساً دقيقاً لعمق مداس الإطار، ورسم الخرائط الكنتورية، وتحليل خشونة سطح المطاط لإجراء دراسات عالية الدقة.								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">مقدمة</h2>				</div>
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									مثل جميع المواد، يرتبط معامل احتكاك المطاط جزئياً بخشونة سطحه. في إطارات المركبات، يؤثر كل من عمق المداس وخشونة السطح تأثيراً مباشراً على أداء الجر والكبح والتآكل. في هذه الدراسة، يتم تحليل خشونة السطح المطاطي وخشونة المداس وأبعاده باستخدام قياس الملامح ثلاثي الأبعاد غير المتلامس.								</div>
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															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="806" height="625" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Surface-Roughness-Profilometry.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10622" alt="عينة الإطارات المستخدمة لقياس عمق المداس وخشونة السطح المطاطي" />															</div>
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									<p>العينة</p>								</div>
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									<p>أهمية قياس الملامح ثلاثية الأبعاد غير التلامسية لقياس عمق مداس الإطار</p>								</div>
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									<p>على عكس التقنيات الأخرى مثل مجسات اللمس أو قياس التداخل, <a href="https://nanovea.com/profilometers/">أجهزة NANOVEA للملامح البصرية ثلاثية الأبعاد غير التلامسية</a> استخدم اللوني المحوري لقياس أي سطح تقريبًا.</p><p>يسمح التدريج المفتوح لنظام بروفايلر بمجموعة متنوعة من أحجام العينات ولا يتطلب أي تحضير للعينة. من خلال مسح واحد، يمكن للمستخدمين التقاط كل من عمق مداس الإطار الكلي وخشونة السطح على المستوى الجزئي، مع عدم وجود أي تأثير من انعكاسية العينة أو امتصاصها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتمتع أجهزة تحديد الملامح هذه بالقدرة المتقدمة على قياس زوايا السطح العالية دون الحاجة إلى معالجة النتائج بالبرمجيات.</p><p>هذا التنوع يجعل أجهزة تحديد ملامح نانوفا مثالية لكل من اختبار تآكل الإطارات وأبحاث المواد المطاطية المتقدمة.</p>								</div>
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					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هدف القياس</h2>				</div>
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									<p>في هذا التطبيق، نعرض في هذا التطبيق <a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st400/">نانوفيا ST400</a>جهاز قياس الملامح البصرية ثلاثي الأبعاد غير التلامسي لقياس عمق مداس الإطار، وهندسة الكفاف، وخشونة السطح المطاطي. تم اختيار مساحة سطح عينة كبيرة بما يكفي لتمثيل سطح الإطار بالكامل عشوائياً لهذه الدراسة. ولقياس خصائص المطاط، استخدمنا برنامج التحليل ثلاثي الأبعاد NANOVEA Ultra لقياس أبعاد الأخدود وعمق المداس وخشونة السطح والمساحة المطورة مقابل المساحة المسقطة.</p>								</div>
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									<p style="text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;">نانوفيا <span style="font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;">ST400 قياسي</span><br />مقياس الملامح البصري ثلاثي الأبعاد</p>								</div>
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				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a156f9f" data-id="a156f9f" data-element_type="column">
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						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4c47230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="4c47230" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
																<a href="https://nanovea.com/instruments/st500">
							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="296" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Nanovea-Customizable-Profilometer.png" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9779" alt="مقياس الملامح الضوئي نانوفيا ST400 ثلاثي الأبعاد لتحليل عمق مداس الإطار وخشونة السطح" />								</a>
															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ba4d91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="1ba4d91" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45a6719" data-id="45a6719" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c95d832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c95d832" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">تحليل: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #ffffff;">مداس الإطار</span>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8cd344f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="8cd344f" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aca91ad" data-id="aca91ad" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d6a303e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="d6a303e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									تُظهر طريقة العرض ثلاثية الأبعاد وطريقة العرض بالألوان الزائفة للمداس قيمة رسم خرائط ثلاثية الأبعاد لتصاميم الأسطح. ويوفر ذلك للمهندسين أداة مباشرة لتقييم اتساق عمق المداس وتصميم الأخدود والتآكل من زوايا متعددة. يُعد كل من التحليل المتقدم للكونتور وتحليل ارتفاع الخطوة أداتين قويتين للغاية لقياس الأبعاد الدقيقة لأشكال العينة وتصميمها.								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5f5811 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f5f5811" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ee2929" data-id="6ee2929" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-87f2429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="87f2429" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="512" height="426" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tire-Tread-Scan-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10627" alt="قياس الملامح البصرية ثلاثية الأبعاد بالألوان الزائفة لقياس عمق مداس الإطار وهندسة الأخدود" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8949fb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="8949fb3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="592" height="397" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tyre-3D-Scan-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10629" alt="عرض سطح مقياس الملامح ثلاثي الأبعاد لقياس عمق مداس الإطار" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58032d8" data-id="58032d8" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-874e994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="874e994" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p><span class="fontstyle0">تحليل الكونتور المتقدم</span></p>								</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-97d4ed4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="97d4ed4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="879" height="744" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tire-Tread-Contour-Analysis.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10626" alt="التحليل الكنتوري المتقدم لأخاديد مداس الإطار باستخدام قياس الملامح ثلاثي الأبعاد" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16b45c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="16b45c6" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd02096" data-id="cd02096" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bbd3cac elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="bbd3cac" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
							<div class="elementor-spacer">
			<div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div>
		</div>
						</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69527ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="69527ee" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-808400d" data-id="808400d" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ac2dcc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ac2dcc8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<p><span class="fontstyle0">تحليل ارتفاع الخطوة</span> </p>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74c284d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="74c284d" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-774c7c1" data-id="774c7c1" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-adf4c7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="adf4c7c" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3e4bd6" data-id="a3e4bd6" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap">
							</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f9b6" data-id="bc1f9b6" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67300af elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="67300af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="761" height="126" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tire-Step-Height-Analysis-Profiler.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10625" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c9edc39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c9edc39" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="255" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tire-Step-Height-Analysis-by-NANOVEA.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10624" alt="تحليل ارتفاع الخطوة لقياس عمق مداس الإطار باستخدام جهاز تحديد الملامح البصري ثلاثي الأبعاد" />															</div>
				</div>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cd48d19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="cd48d19" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-26c6154" data-id="26c6154" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap">
							</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-68bda50" data-id="68bda50" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-319a2af elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="319a2af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="513" height="124" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tire-Step-Height-Analysis-by-NANOVEA-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10623" alt="" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-bb09da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="bb09da1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="256" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tyre-Step-Height-Analysis-by-NANOVEA.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10630" alt="قياس المظهر الجانبي ثلاثي الأبعاد لارتفاع خطوة قياس المظهر الجانبي للإطار الذي يظهر قياس عمق مداس الإطار" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d748c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="9d748c9" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f35edb" data-id="4f35edb" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b373f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="6b373f7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
							<div class="elementor-spacer">
			<div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div>
		</div>
						</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe96b86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="fe96b86" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-802e0b2" data-id="802e0b2" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ab299ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ab299ba" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									<span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #1b96cf;">تحليل: </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="color: #ffffff;">السطح المطاطي</span>								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a547451 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a547451" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e08d0d" data-id="8e08d0d" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6acaf28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6acaf28" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									يمكن قياس السطح المطاطي بطرق عديدة باستخدام أدوات برمجية مدمجة كما هو موضح في الأشكال التالية. يمكن ملاحظة أن خشونة السطح هي 2.688 ميكرومتر، والمساحة المطورة مقابل المساحة المسقطة هي 9.410 مم² مقابل 8.997 مم². توضح هذه النتائج كيفية تأثير خشونة السطح المطاطي على قوة الجر والأداء، مما يتيح إجراء مقارنات بين تركيبات المطاط المختلفة أو مستويات مختلفة من تآكل السطح.								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc9c98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="9dc9c98" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7d4c89" data-id="b7d4c89" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-04a7201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="04a7201" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="591" height="415" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Tire-Rubber-Surface-Analysis-Scan-NANOVEA.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10621" alt="تحليل خشونة سطح المطاط باستخدام مقياس الملامح البصرية ثلاثي الأبعاد" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-44b6364 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="44b6364" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="610" height="314" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Tire-Rubber-Surface-Analysis-Scan-NANOVEA-Profilometer.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10631" alt="معلمات ارتفاع السطح المطاطي للإطارات ISO 25178" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74c76bf" data-id="74c76bf" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e82168a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e82168a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="716" height="505" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tyre-Surface-Analysis-NANOVEA.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10620" alt="عرض ثلاثي الأبعاد لقياس الملامح البصرية لخشونة سطح المطاط والمساحة المطورة" />															</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e746e2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e746e2f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
															<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="610" height="169" src="https://nanovea.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Rubber-Tread-Contour-Measurement-NANOVEA-Profilometer-08-09-20.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-10628" alt="بارامترات جهاز تحديد ملامح سطح الإطارات المطاطية" />															</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ae9e0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="3ae9e0d" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4a53b2" data-id="d4a53b2" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-82b43fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="82b43fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">خاتمة</h2>				</div>
				</div>
				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7435d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7435d64" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
									في هذا التطبيق، أظهرنا كيف يمكن لجهاز NANOVEA 3D غير المتصل بجهاز التنميط البصري غير المتصل أن يحدد بدقة عمق مداس الإطار وأبعاده الكنتورية وخشونة السطح المطاطي. تُظهر البيانات خشونة سطح تبلغ 2.69 ميكرومتر ومساحة مطوّرة تبلغ 9.41 ملم مربع مع مساحة مسقطة تبلغ 9 ملم مربع. كما تم قياس أبعاد وأنصاف أقطار مختلفة للمداس المطاطي أيضاً. يمكن استخدام هذه المعلومات من قبل الشركات المصنعة للإطارات والباحثين في مجال السيارات ومهندسي المواد لمقارنة تصاميم المداس أو تركيبات المطاط أو الإطارات بدرجات متفاوتة من التآكل. تمثل البيانات المعروضة هنا جزءاً فقط من الحسابات المتوفرة في برنامج التحليل Ultra 3D.								</div>
				</div>
					</div>
		</div>
					</div>
		</section>
				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87e6b5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="87e6b5b" data-element_type="section">
						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53c5f8a" data-id="53c5f8a" data-element_type="column">
			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b11e64c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="b11e64c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">هل لديك تطبيق مماثل؟</h2>				</div>
				</div>
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				</div><p>The post <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar/%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1/">Tire Tread Depth &#038; Rubber Surface Roughness Measurement | 3D Optical Profiler</a> appeared first on <a href="https://nanovea.com/ar">NANOVEA: Advanced Profilometers, Tribometers, Nanoindenters, and Scratch Testers for Materials Testing</a>.</p>
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