{"id":26271,"date":"2026-03-25T20:57:16","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T20:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/?p=26271"},"modified":"2026-03-25T21:34:32","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T21:34:32","slug":"stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/stent-coating-adhesion-testing-nano-scratch\/","title":{"rendered":"Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26271\" class=\"elementor elementor-26271\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f94c24a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f94c24a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-68b2fca\" data-id=\"68b2fca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca77e03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ca77e03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5739088 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5739088\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9609d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9609d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9247410 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9247410\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd1e469 elementor-align-justify button-quote elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fd1e469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/contact-lab-form\/\" id=\"button-quote-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request Coating Adhesion Testing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20724a8 elementor-align-justify open-chat elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"20724a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\" id=\"ask-expert-outline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Speak with an Application Engineer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e0f6ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e0f6ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-delamination-nano-scratch-critical-load.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26273\" alt=\"stent coating adhesion testing nano scratch delamination critical load\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d51fec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3d51fec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0630d85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0630d85\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2513cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2513cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research &amp; Experimental Testing<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e90cf96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e90cf96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0644\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9de2505 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9de2505\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e95cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e95cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Visual Design &amp; Editorial<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6c848 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c6c848\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0631<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5911d1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5911d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-narrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce324cc\" data-id=\"ce324cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d764c49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d764c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f95f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99f95f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"1458\">Blood is carried through arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Any weakening or blockage of these vessels can pose significant health risks and may become life-threatening. A stent is a small mesh tube inserted into the lumen of a blood vessel to treat narrowed or weakened arteries. Stent implantation is now a widely used procedure to support the arterial wall and restore blood flow\u1da6.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90023c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b90023c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/medical-stent-mesh-structure-metal-stent-geometry.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26304\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4260832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4260832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metal stent mesh geometry illustrating the structural complexity of vascular implant design.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4bbe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a4bbe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why coating adhesion matters in drug-eluting stents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae756f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aae756f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"1054\">Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in stent technology. They incorporate a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer coating that enables controlled drug release at the arterial site, helping to inhibit intimal thickening and reduce the risk of restenosis\u1da6\u1da6.<\/p><p data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1284\">A critical concern in these systems is the delamination of the polymer coating from the metallic stent substrate. This coating carries the drug-eluting layer, and its adhesion directly impacts device performance and reliability.<\/p><p data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1537\">To improve coating adhesion, stents are often designed with complex geometries. In this study, the polymer coating is located at the bottom of grooves within the stent mesh. This configuration presents a significant challenge for adhesion measurement.<\/p><p data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1795\">A reliable method is required to quantitatively evaluate the interfacial strength between the polymer coating and the metal substrate. The small diameter of the stent mesh, comparable to a human hair, combined with its three-dimensional geometry, requires:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1916\"><li data-section-id=\"1n0qc6y\" data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1834\">ultrafine X-Y positioning accuracy<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1003zy\" data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1870\">precise control of applied load<\/li><li data-section-id=\"q3r43w\" data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1916\">accurate depth measurement during testing<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99ad104 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99ad104\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2139\ufe0f<em data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1468\"> \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/nanoindentation-and-scratch-testing-lab-services\/\">nanoindentation and scratch testing lab services for coating adhesion and failure analysis<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6911f48 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6911f48\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c7ec5a\" data-id=\"0c7ec5a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9282b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9282b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurement Method<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb52d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fb52d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"454\">Nano scratch testing is performed using the <a href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/instruments\/pb1000\/\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a NANOVEA PB1000<\/a>, in Nano Scratch Mode,\u00a0to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal mesh of stent samples.<\/p><p data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"648\">Controlled scratch measurements are carried out on stent geometries with dimensions comparable to a human hair, enabling precise evaluation of coating adhesion on complex stent structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d556682 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d556682\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc0cb40\" data-id=\"cc0cb40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a97d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6a97d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;\">\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 <span style=\"font-size: 20pt; color: #1b96cf;\">PB1000 Advanced<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 20pt; color: black;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9a54a9 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b9a54a9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d917b7 elementor-align-center homepage-button-brochure elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3d917b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/pb1000-mechanical-tester-brochure-form\/\" id=\"homepage-button-brochure\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c76d548 elementor-align-center homepage-button-quote elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c76d548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/contact-sales-form\/\" id=\"homepage-button-quote\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9cc704\" data-id=\"d9cc704\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1372e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f1372e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/instruments\/j\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/nanoindenter-scratch-tester-platform-nanovea-pb1000.jpg\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-25767\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 NANOVEA PB1000 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6bb8a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f6bb8a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e19af98\" data-id=\"e19af98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bad5df5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bad5df5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db3e0bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db3e0bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Regular Stent Samples<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8986c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8986c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1620\">The stent is fixed on the sample stage, with a support wire inserted inside the stent tube to ensure stability during nano scratch testing. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester is used to perform nano scratch measurements using the parameters summarized in Table 1, to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the polymer coating on the metal substrate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc94050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc94050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"measurement-table-wrapper\"><table class=\"measurement-table\"><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Load type<\/td><td>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Initial load<\/td><td>0.05 mN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final load<\/td><td>300 and 100 mN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sliding speed<\/td><td>0.5 mm\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sliding distance<\/td><td>0.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indenter geometry<\/td><td>\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indenter material (tip)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631<\/td><td>20 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>24\u00b0C (room)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb901e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1eb901e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: <\/span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on regular stent samples<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc843f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bc843f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Grooved Stent Samples<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3173bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c3173bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1296\">The SEM image in Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of the stent sample. The stent features a groove with a depth of approximately 30 \u00b5m. The polymer coating, with a thickness of 10.8 \u00b5m, is located at the bottom of the groove.<\/p><p data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1497\">Standard 60\u00b0 conical diamond tips are not sharp enough to reach the bottom of the groove without contacting the sidewalls. Therefore, a sharper 40\u00b0 conical diamond tip is used in this study (Fig. 2).<\/p><p data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1582\">Nano scratch measurements are performed using the parameters summarized in Table 2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ee6cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13ee6cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"measurement-table-wrapper\">\n<table class=\"measurement-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Load type<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Initial load<\/td>\n<td>0.1 mN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Final load<\/td>\n<td>300 mN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>300 mN\/min<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scratch length<\/td>\n<td>0.25 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scratch speed<\/td>\n<td>0.25 mm\/min<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indenter geometry<\/td>\n<td>40\u00b0 cone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indenter material (tip)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>5 \u00b5m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad4e560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad4e560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Table 2: <\/span>Test parameters for nano scratch measurements on grooved stent samples<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c8c000 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c8c000\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"932\" height=\"1042\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-groove-coating-cross-section-sem-adhesion-analysis.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26288\" alt=\"stent groove cross section polymer coating thickness adhesion analysis nano scratch testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc8d8d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc8d8d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 1: <\/span>SEM cross-section of a grooved stent showing polymer coating located at the bottom of the groove, highlighting the challenge of coating adhesion measurement in recessed geometries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c269181 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c269181\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nano-scratch-diamond-tip-40-degree-stent-groove-testing.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26289\" alt=\"nano scratch diamond tip 40 degree stent groove coating adhesion testing schematic\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9421025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9421025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 2: <\/span>Schematic of a 40\u00b0 conical diamond tip designed for nano scratch testing inside stent grooves, enabling accurate adhesion measurement without sidewall interference.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f60fe4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f60fe4c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb639a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb639a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55f91f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55f91f5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96c1a72\" data-id=\"96c1a72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be118e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be118e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"837\">The stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 100 \u03bcm, comparable to a human hair. Precise positioning is therefore critical to ensure the scratch test is performed at the center of the stent mesh. The NANOVEA Mechanical Tester provides X\u2013Y positioning accuracy down to 0.25 \u03bcm, enabling accurate test placement under the integrated optical microscope.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-632d913 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"632d913\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Regular Stent Samples<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e93471a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e93471a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"857\">Nano scratch testing is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch track on the stent is shown in Fig. 3a, while failure behavior at different stages is presented in Fig. 3b and 3c.<\/p><p data-start=\"859\" data-end=\"893\">Two critical loads are identified:<\/p><ul data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"1061\"><li data-section-id=\"14iz9qw\" data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"972\">Lc1: the load at which the first visible damage appears on the coating<\/li><li data-section-id=\"1mmzt6b\" data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1061\">Lc2: the load at which the coating is fully removed and the substrate is exposed<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1226\">The evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth is shown in Fig. 4, providing insight into the progression of coating failure during the test.<\/p><p data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1499\">The first signs of coating damage appear at Lc1 \u2248 14.5 mN. As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a wider and deeper scratch track. During this phase, the COF increases from approximately 0.05 to 0.7.<\/p><p data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1756\">At Lc2 \u2248 78.1 mN, the coating is fully delaminated from the metal substrate. Beyond this point, as the load continues to increase, both COF and penetration depth remain relatively stable due to the mechanical support of the underlying metal substrate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3399 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d3399\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1665dbb\" data-id=\"1665dbb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb5ae2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb5ae2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-nano-scratch-track-full-progressive-load.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26293\" alt=\"nano scratch track stent coating progressive load adhesion testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1f3a54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1f3a54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(a) Full Scratch Track<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7016a63 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7016a63\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba90386\" data-id=\"ba90386\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe3a4be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fe3a4be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"897\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-initial-failure-lc1-nano-scratch-14-5mn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26294\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f716f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4f716f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(b) <strong data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"616\">Lc1 \u2248 14.5 mN<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-44282a2\" data-id=\"44282a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f1f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f1f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"897\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-delamination-lc2-nano-scratch-78-1mn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-26295\" alt=\"stent coating delamination lc2 nano scratch 78.1 mN adhesion testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686fc95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"686fc95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(c) <strong data-start=\"625\" data-end=\"642\">Lc2 \u2248 78.1 mN<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31f605b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31f605b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 3: <\/span>Nano scratch track on a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing (a) full scratch path, (b) initial coating failure at Lc1 \u2248 14.5 mN, and (c) complete coating delamination at Lc2 \u2248 78.1 mN.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9cfe8c elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9cfe8c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48990df\" data-id=\"48990df\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6461b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6461b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1751\" height=\"725\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nano-scratch-cof-depth-stent-coating-failure-analysis.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26296\" alt=\"nano scratch testing stent coating coefficient of friction depth progression adhesion failure\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-074e86e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"074e86e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 4: <\/span>Evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth during nano scratch testing of a stent coating under progressively increasing load, showing the progression of coating failure and transition to substrate support.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9e723a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9e723a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"537\">Failures during nano scratch testing up to a maximum load of 300 mN occur at critical loads below 100 mN. To enable a more quantitative comparison of coating performance, additional tests are performed with a maximum load of 100 mN on two stent samples, referred to as Sample 1 and Sample 2.<\/p><p data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"794\">Fig. 5 compares the scratch tracks of Sample 1 and Sample 2 after nano scratch testing. Sample 1 exhibits the first sign of coating damage at a critical load of Lc1 \u2248 13.2 mN, while Sample 2 shows initial failure at a higher load of Lc1 \u2248 21.1 mN.<\/p><p data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"1002\">Coating delamination occurs at 62.5 mN for Sample 1. In contrast, the coating on Sample 2 remains intact throughout the test, continuing to protect the metal substrate under the same loading conditions.<\/p><p data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1350\">This behavior is further reflected in the evolution of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth, as shown in Fig. 6. When the diamond tip penetrates through the coating and contacts the metal substrate in Sample 1, the COF reaches a peak while the penetration depth decreases due to the increased stiffness of the underlying substrate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e16520 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e16520\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1797\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-sample1-early-failure-nano-scratch.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26297\" alt=\"stent coating sample 1 early failure nano scratch track delamination adhesion testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-096dc8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"096dc8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(a) Sample 1 \u2013 Early Coating Failure<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597aa6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"597aa6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1797\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-coating-sample2-high-adhesion-nano-scratch.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26298\" alt=\"stent coating sample 2 high adhesion nano scratch track minimal damage testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9453d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9453d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(b) Sample 2 \u2013 Improved Coating Integrity<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f37870 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f37870\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 5: <\/span>Comparison of nano scratch tracks for two stent coatings, showing (a) early coating failure and delamination in Sample 1, and (b) improved coating integrity in Sample 2 under the same loading conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79c083a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"79c083a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"913\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nano-scratch-cof-depth-comparison-stent-coating-adhesion.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26299\" alt=\"nano scratch testing stent coating COF depth comparison sample 1 sample 2 adhesion performance\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a29daa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a29daa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 6: <\/span>Comparison of coefficient of friction (COF) and penetration depth for Sample 1 and Sample 2 during nano scratch testing, showing earlier substrate contact and higher friction response in Sample 1, indicating weaker coating adhesion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f64c74c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f64c74c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-95feef6\" data-id=\"95feef6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18235c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18235c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Grooved Stent Samples<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c1a0ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c1a0ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"601\">As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the grooved stent mesh has a diameter of approximately 90 \u03bcm, comparable to a human hair. The groove has a width of ~50 \u03bcm and a depth of 30 \u03bcm. This geometry presents a significant challenge for nano scratch testing, particularly for evaluating coating adhesion at the bottom of the groove.<\/p><p data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"847\">Precise positioning is critical to locate the scratch test within the groove. The nano scratch test is performed with a progressively increasing load up to 300 mN. The full scratch tracks of grooved stent Samples 3 and 4 are compared in Fig. 7.<\/p><p data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"1108\">The critical load Lc is defined as the load at which the coating fails and the substrate becomes exposed. The evolution of normal load and penetration depth, shown in Fig. 8, provides further insight into the progression of coating failure during testing.<\/p><p data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1331\">As the applied load increases, the diamond tip progressively penetrates the polymer coating, resulting in a deeper scratch track. When the critical load Lc is reached, the coating delaminates from the metal substrate.<\/p><p data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1516\">Sample 3 exhibits coating failure at Lc \u2248 126 mN, while Sample 4 fails at a higher load of Lc \u2248 173 mN. This difference indicates stronger adhesion of the coating in Sample 4.<\/p><p data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1773\">The measured critical loads enable quantitative comparison of coating adhesion performance. Under the same testing conditions, the coating on Sample 4 demonstrates higher resistance to delamination, making it the better-performing candidate in this study.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b014f84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b014f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1794\" height=\"966\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-groove-coating-failure-sample3-nano-scratch-126mn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26300\" alt=\"stent groove coating failure sample 3 nano scratch 126 mN adhesion testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f28b8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f28b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(c) Sample 3 \u2013 Coating Failure in Groove (Lc \u2248 126 mN)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e081ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e081ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1794\" height=\"966\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stent-groove-coating-high-adhesion-sample4-nano-scratch-173mn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26301\" alt=\"stent groove coating adhesion sample 4 nano scratch 173 mN minimal failure testing\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6719bbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6719bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(d) Sample 4 \u2013 Higher Adhesion in Groove (Lc \u2248 173 mN)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c72878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c72878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 7: <\/span>Nano scratch tracks inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing (c) coating failure at Lc \u2248 126 mN in Sample 3 and (d) higher adhesion with delayed failure at Lc \u2248 173 mN in Sample 4.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4493409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4493409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample3-grooved-stent-failure.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26302\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b118d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b118d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>(a) Sample 3 \u2013 Earlier Coating Failure (Lc \u2248 126 mN)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5567f65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5567f65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/nano-scratch-load-depth-sample4-grooved-stent-high-adhesion.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26303\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0055ff6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0055ff6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"319\" data-end=\"387\">(b) Sample 4 \u2013 Delayed Failure and Higher Adhesion (Lc \u2248 173 mN)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f76fa08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f76fa08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"fontstyle0\" style=\"color: #1b96cf;\">Fig. 8: <\/span>Evolution of normal load and penetration depth during nano scratch testing inside stent grooves for Samples 3 and 4, showing earlier coating failure in Sample 3 and delayed failure at higher load in Sample 4. The vertical green line indicates the critical load (Lc) where coating delamination occurs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683f81e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"683f81e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab2086a\" data-id=\"ab2086a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab22f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab22f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e6b21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21e6b21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"468\">This study demonstrates the ability of the NANOVEA Mechanical Tester to quantitatively evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of polymer coatings on both regular and grooved stent geometries using nano scratch testing.<\/p><p data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"825\">The recessed geometry of the stent grooves, approximately 50 \u03bcm wide and 30 \u03bcm deep, presents a significant challenge for coating adhesion measurement. The high X\u2013Y positioning accuracy of 0.25 \u03bcm enables precise placement of the scratch test within these confined regions, allowing direct evaluation of coating performance where failure is most critical.<\/p><p data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"1124\">By applying a controlled, progressively increasing load, critical loads associated with coating failure can be identified and compared across samples. This approach enables reliable differentiation of coating adhesion performance and interfacial integrity, even on small, complex stent structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cee3530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cee3530\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb71ce\" data-id=\"fdb71ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18e30e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18e30e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d52b393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d52b393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"843\"><em>[I] http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/health-topics\/topics\/stents<\/em><br \/><em>[II] http:\/\/www.scielo.org.mx\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1405-99402006000300008 <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2dee8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2dee8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24df361\" data-id=\"24df361\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9518862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9518862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently Asked Questions About Stent Coating Adhesion Testing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596af01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"596af01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is stent coating adhesion testing?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea050e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea050e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"494\">Stent coating adhesion testing evaluates how strongly a polymer coating is bonded to the metal substrate of a stent. Techniques such as nano scratch testing quantify the load at which coating damage and delamination occur, providing measurable indicators of adhesion strength.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbcfaa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbcfaa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is critical load (Lc) in nano scratch testing?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42500ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42500ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"658\" data-end=\"746\">Critical load (Lc) is the applied load at which a coating fails during a scratch test.<\/p><ul data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"890\"><li data-section-id=\"bhdxv4\" data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"813\">Lc1 corresponds to the first visible damage in the coating<\/li><li data-section-id=\"4photk\" data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"890\">Lc2 indicates complete coating removal and exposure of the substrate<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"967\">These values are used to quantify and compare coating adhesion performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf1f839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf1f839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why is coating adhesion important in drug-eluting stents?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e60fcb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e60fcb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"494\">Coating adhesion directly affects the reliability of drug-eluting stents. Poor adhesion can lead to coating delamination, which may compromise controlled drug release and increase the risk of device failure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae518f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ae518f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How do you measure coating adhesion inside stent grooves?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d77659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d77659\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"494\">Measuring adhesion inside stent grooves requires high positioning accuracy and appropriate indenter geometry. Nano scratch testing with sharp diamond tips allows access to recessed coating regions, enabling direct evaluation of adhesion within complex stent geometries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d372dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What does coefficient of friction (COF) indicate in scratch testing?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1dd455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1dd455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"494\">The coefficient of friction (COF) reflects changes in surface interaction during the scratch test. A sudden increase in COF often indicates coating failure and contact between the indenter and the underlying metal substrate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc604 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cbc604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How can nano scratch testing compare different coating formulations?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82a2d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82a2d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"494\">Nano scratch testing enables direct comparison of coatings by measuring critical loads under controlled conditions. Higher critical loads indicate stronger adhesion and improved resistance to delamination, allowing selection of better-performing coating systems.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0920271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0920271\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3fbe8f\" data-id=\"a3fbe8f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa0a760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aa0a760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Need Reliable Stent Coating Adhesion Testing?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a42ab55 elementor-align-justify open-chat elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a42ab55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DISCUSS YOUR APPLICATION WITH AN ENGINEER<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fdc9c elementor-align-justify button-quote elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e9fdc9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/nanovea.com\/contact-sales-form\/\" id=\"button-quote-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">GET A QUOTE FOR COATING ADHESION TESTING<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Application Note | Stent Coating Adhesion Testing Stent Coating Adhesion and Delamination Analysis Using Nano Scratch Testing Quantifying Coating Failure and Adhesion Performance on Drug-Eluting Stents Request Coating Adhesion Testing Speak with an Application Engineer Research &amp; Experimental Testing Duanjie Li, PhD Visual Design &amp; Editorial Andrew Shore Introduction Blood is carried through arteries from [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":26277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,349,350,351,353,335],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application-notes","category-laboratory-testing","category-profilometry-geometry-shape","category-profilometry-roughness-finish","category-profilometry-texture-grain","category-profilometry-testing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26271"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26320,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26271\/revisions\/26320"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nanovea.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}